El País

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox newspaper {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Lit) is a Spanish-language daily newspaper in Spain. {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is based in the capital city of Madrid and it is owned by the Spanish media conglomerate PRISA.<ref name="okdiario.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is the first-most circulated daily newspaper in Spain Template:As of.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is the most read newspaper in Spanish online,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and is one of the Madrid dailies considered to be a national newspaper of record for Spain (along with El Mundo and ABC).<ref name="www.theguardian.com">Template:Cite news</ref> In 2018, its number of daily sales were 138,000.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Its headquarters and central editorial staff are located in Madrid, although it is present in other Spanish cities like Seville, Valencia, Bilbao, and Santiago de Compostela,Barcelona. It also has bureaus located in Mexico City, Bogotá, Santiago, and Washington, D.C., and a reporting team in Brussels. {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} produces an America edition with subeditions for Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and Argentina. El País English is a selection in English of articles from all of its editions. In 2024, El País developed a US edition, El País US, aimed at Hispanic readers, providing news and stories that help them interpret their reality and aspirations.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

History

{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was founded in May 1976 by a team at PRISA which included Jesus de Polanco, José Ortega Spottorno, and Carlos Mendo.<ref name="ep">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The paper was designed by Reinhard Gade and Julio Alonso. It was first published on 4 May 1976,<ref>Breve historia de {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Webarchive, El País.</ref> six months after the death of dictator Francisco Franco, and at the beginning of the Spanish transition to democracy. The first editor-in-chief of the daily was Juan Luis Cebrián.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was the first pro-democracy newspaper within a context where all the other Spanish newspapers were influenced by Franco's ideology.<ref name="nur2012">Template:Cite journal</ref> The circulation of the paper was 116,600 copies in its first year.<ref name="kat" /> It rose to 138,000 copies in 1977.<ref name="kat" /> In 1978, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} suffered a far-right terrorist attack due to political upheaval. Four people were injured, two greatly, and one died. The building also suffered structural damage.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} filled a gap in the market and became the newspaper of Spanish democracy, for which role {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and the Humanities in 1983, at a time when the transition from Franco's dictatorship to democracy was still developing. The paper's first Director (until 1988) was Juan Luis Cebrián, who came from the daily newspaper Informaciones. Like many other Spanish journalists of the time he had worked for Diario Pueblo (meaning People's Daily in English) which was a mouthpiece for the Francoist {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}. Its reputation as a bastion of Spanish democracy was established during the attempted coup d'état by Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Tejero of the Guardia Civil on 23 February 1981. During the uncertain situation of the night of 23 February 1981, when all members of parliament were held hostage in the Congress building and with tanks on the streets of Valencia, and before the state television station could transmit a speech by King Juan Carlos I condemning the coup, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} published a special edition of the newspaper called {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, for the Constitution. It was the first available daily paper during the situation with a pro-democracy position. It called on citizens to demonstrate in favor of democracy, and was widely discussed in the news media so much so that the director of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, Juan Luis Cebrián, called the then director of Diario 16, Pedro J. Ramírez, in order to propose that both newspapers work on a joint pro-democracy publication; Ramírez refused, claiming that he would prefer to wait a few hours to see how the situation developed. Diario 16 was not published until after a television broadcast by the king. Along with its commitment to democracy before the attempted coup of 23 February 1981, the electoral victory of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in 1982 with an absolute majority and its open support for the government of Felipe González,<ref name="frank" /> meant that {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} consolidated its position during the 1980s as the Spanish newspaper with the most sales ahead of the conservative leaning ABC. In 1986, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was the recipient of the Four Freedoms Award for the Freedom of Speech by the Roosevelt Institute.<ref>Four freedoms awards Template:Webarchive Roosevelt Institute. Retrieved 21 April 2015.</ref>

In 1987, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} received the largest amount of state aid.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Both the rigorous journalistic standards and the fact that it was the first Spanish newspaper to establish internal quality control standards have increased the standing of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}. It was also the first Spanish daily to create the role of "Reader's Advocate", and the first to publish a "Style Guide", that has since become a quality benchmark among journalists.<ref name="ppa">For which role {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was awarded the Prince of Asturias Prize for Communication and the Humanities in 1973 Template:Webarchive</ref> {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} has also established a number of collaborative agreements with other European newspapers with a social democratic viewpoint. In 1989, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} participated in the creation of a common network of information resources with {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} in Italy and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} in France. At the beginning of the 1990s, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} had to face a new political and journalistic challenge. The increasing political tensions caused by corruption scandals involving the PSOE government of González polarized both the Spanish political classes and the press of the left and right wings. Since that time, both the People's Party (PP) and the media aligned with it have accused {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} and the other companies owned by PRISA,<ref>"Eva Cuesta, el penúltimo fichaje del PSOE en PRISA". Artículo de Periodista Digital (24 January 2007).</ref><ref>"Prisa y PSOE se apoyan mutuamente para seguir en el poder: dinero y publicidad a mantas Template:Webarchive". Artículo de Por Andalucía Libre mencionando declaraciones de El Mundo 7 February 2007.</ref> along with Sogecable,<ref>"Sogecable responde a la llamada del PSOE y pide al Gobierno que Canal+ emita siempre en abierto", Artículo de Libertad Digital, ya solo consultable en TodoInternet.com.</ref><ref>"CC y PSOE prorrogan a Sogecable el contrato de la Televisión Canaria y el PP anuncia que lo impugnará ". Libertad Digital 9 May 2007</ref> of supporting the interests of the PSOE. Despite this, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} managed to maintain its position as the best selling generalist daily in Spain, although its lead over El Mundo was reduced. Both in 1993 and 1994, it was the best selling newspaper in the country with a circulation of 401,258 copies and 408,267 copies, respectively.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the period of 1995–1996, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} had a circulation of 420,934 copies, making it again the best-selling paper in the country.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

lang}} headquarters in Madrid

Since October 2001, an English language supplement of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} has been included in the Spanish version of the International Herald Tribune. This content can also be found on El País' internet site.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Also in 2001, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} had a circulation of 433,617 copies,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and it was 435,298 copies next year.<ref name="ward">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The paper had a circulation of 435,000 copies in 2003.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> On March 11, 2004, Spain suffered Europe's first jihadist terror attack with a nearly simultaneous, coordinated bombings against the Cercanías commuter train system of Madrid, Spain, on the morning of 11 March 2004 – three days before Spain's general elections. The day of the attacks, then prime minister José María Aznar, from the ruling conservative party called {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} editor in chief Jesús Ceberio and gave him assurances that the attacks had been planned and executed by the Basque terrorist group ETA. Despite having no other confirmation, Ceberio ran a front page blaming ETA for the attack, having to correct course the following day. Ceberio, who would continue as editor for three more years, published an editorial piece accusing Aznar of manipulating him.

{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was awarded the World's Best Designed Newspaper for 2006 by the Society for News Design (SND).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Based on the findings of the European Business Readership Survey the paper had 14,589 readers per issue in 2006.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The circulation of the daily was 425,927 copies between June 2006 and July 2007.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> On 24 January 2013, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} published a wrong report about the health status of then Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, with photography of an unknown man from a 2008 YouTube video, provided by the news agency Gtres Online and published on the front page of the paper's print edition as a picture of the Venezuelan president.<ref>EL PAÍS retira una falsa foto de Hugo Chávez | Internacional|El País 24 January 2013.</ref> In 2013, El País started publishing a Brazilian edition in Brazilian Portuguese. On 14 December 2021, the periodical announced that it would be discontinued, citing a lack of "financial sustainability".<ref name="elpbr-discontinued">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In August 2019, the newspaper's online edition published an obituary of King Juan Carlos I even though the former monarch was actually recovering from major cardiac surgery. The El País management explained that the article was published due to an "algorithm error."Template:Citation needed On 23 May 2024, El País started publishing a US edition in both Spanish and English, aimed at Spanish-speakers residing in the US.<ref name="elpus">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="elpus-prisa">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="elpus-nieman">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="elpus-mediamoves">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Positions

The paper has criticized figures such as Che Guevara, among others. It impugned Guevara's advocacy of armed struggle.<ref name="che">Caudillo Guevara, editorial de {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, 10 October 2007.

<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

... Che Guevara [..] belonged to that sinister saga of tragic heroes, still present in the terrorist movements of various types, from the nationalists to the Jihadists, who try to hide the fact they are assassins by claiming to be martyrs, prolonging the old prejudice inherited from Romanticism. The fact that Che Guevara gave his life and sacrificed those of many others does not improve his ideas, that drink from the springs of one of the great totalitarian systems. [..] the only attestable contribution of the insurgent followers of Guevara to Latin American politics was to offer new alibis to the authoritarian tendencies that were germinating on the continent. Thanks to his armed challenge, the right-wing military dictators could present themselves as a lesser evil, if not a inevitable requisite opposing another symmetrical military dictatorship, such as that led by Castro [..] In the four decades that have passed since his death, the Latin American left and, of course, that in Europe, has completely expedited his goals and fanatical methods. To the point where today the only people who commemorate the date of his execution in La Higuera are the governments that subjugate the Cubans or those that invoke Simón Bolívar in their populist harangues.{{#if:|

|}}{{#if:|

— {{#if:|, in }}Template:Comma separated entries

}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Blockquote with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}</ref> The 16 February 2012 edition of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was banned in Morocco due to the publication of a cartoon which, according to the Moroccan authorities, tarnished King Mohammed VI's name.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In January 2018, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was sentenced to publish a rectification article after the Catalan TV channel TV3 denounced the newspaper for "harming the TV channel's image" with an article which contained "inaccurate data".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A similar case happened between El País and the Catalan businessman Jaume Roures, with El País being sentenced after publishing Roures had 250 million Euros in tax havens.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to a report prepared by the Parliament of the United Kingdom fake news committee written by the nonprofit organization Transparency Toolkit and published in April 2018, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} had published "numerous examples of misinterpretations of data sources, use of inaccurate information, lack of attention to detail and a poor research methodology" regarding the alleged Russian involvement in the 2017 Catalan independence referendum. It describes their conclusions as "exceptionally deceptive" and concludes "there may be a temptation to use groundless allegations of fake news to support political argument".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 26 September 2007, the paper published the Bush–Aznar memo, a leaked transcript of a closed-door meeting between U.S. president George W. Bush and Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar, shortly before the invasion of Iraq.<ref>"{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} on Bush, Aznar, and Iraq". Harper's Magazine. September 2007.</ref> In 2007, the circulation of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was about 400,000 copies.<ref name="anbu">Template:Cite news</ref> During the premiership of the PSOE's José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} published several articles criticizing the policies of the Zapatero government.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This provided opportunities for new entrants to represent the dissentient, anti establishment left, such as the appearance of the daily newspaper Público. The 2008 circulation of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was 435,000 copies, making it the second most read daily in the country, only after the sport-daily Marca.<ref name="es.statista.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It was 267,000 in April 2014.<ref name="anbu" />

In March 2015, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, together with six other international newspapers, founded an alliance called the Leading European Newspaper Alliance (LENA).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In June 2016, El País Brasil was found in a list of political newspapers that received money from the Workers' Party government.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Former editor Soledad Gallego Díaz was brought to court after dismissing five employees for what the accusers maintain were political and ideological reasons.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Editors-in-chief

{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} has had five editors-in-chief since it was founded in 1976. In February 2014 it was announced that Antonio Caño would be proposed as new editor-in-chief, appointment that was ratified by the Board of Directors and became effective on 3 May 2014. In June 2018, Soledad Gallego-Díaz became the first-ever female editor of El País.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Gallego-Díaz was replaced by Javier Moreno in June 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2021, Pepa Bueno was appointed as the new editor.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Since June 2025, the editor-in-chief has been Jan Martínez Ahrens.

Years Editor-in-chief
1976–1988 Juan Luis Cebrián
1988–1993 Template:Ill
1993–2006 Jesús Ceberio
2006–2014 Template:Ill
2014–2018 Antonio Caño
2018–2020 Soledad Gallego-Díaz
2020–2021 Javier Moreno Barber
2021–2025 Pepa Bueno
2025- Template:Ill

Appearance

The appearance of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is characterized by its sobriety, in both its treatment of information and its aesthetics. Most pages contain five columns arranged in a neat, clear manner with distinct journalistic sub-categories. Photographs and graphics play a secondary, supporting role to the written word. The newspaper had had the same design from its foundation until the end of 2007, with little change (it previously used only black-and-white (monochrome) photographs, although the current format includes color photographs and more imaginative design, mainly in the varied supplements), and the same Times Roman font.<ref>"Unos buenos tipos". {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} 14 October 2007.</ref>

Opinion polls cited in {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} are all carried out by a separate company called Instituto OPINA. The newspaper's format was revamped on 21 October 2007 with changes to its printed form, its digital presence on the Internet and the replacement of its historical motto "Independent morning daily" with "Global Spanish language newspaper".<ref>"{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} será el periódico global en español", {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (9 October 2007)</ref> The paper began to be published in tabloid format.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Other notable changes are the inclusion of the acute accent in its title header and the substitution of Times Roman by "Majerit", a specially-commissioned plain serif font.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Electronic edition

In the mid-1990s, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was the second Spanish newspaper to publish an internet edition, El País digital (the first was the Catalan newspaper Avui). On 18 November 2002, it became the first Spanish newspaper to introduce a payment system for access to the contents of its electronic version, which drastically reduced the number of visits to the website, to the extent that El Mundo, which maintained open access to the majority of its contents, became the leading Spanish digital newspaper. After taking this decision El País digital was suspended in 2002 by the Oficina de Justificación de la Difusión for four months because of two serious breaches of OJD regulations.<ref>"La OJD sanciona con cuatro meses de expulsión a El País Digital por faltas graves". ABC. 24 July 2002.</ref>

The El País digital website opened again on 3 June 2005 with free access to the majority of the contents. Subscription was required to gain access to multimedia content and to the newspaper's archive. On 26 November 2013, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} launched a digital edition in Portuguese. In October 2014, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} launched a digital edition in Catalan.<ref>EL PAÍS launches digital edition published in Catalan language, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, 6 October 2014</ref> In February 2021, it ceased distribution of printed versions in European countries outside of Spain.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> El País also translates to English a selection of articles from all of its editions. In May 2024, El País launched a US edition, El País US. All its information is produced by a newsroom on the ground, with coverage spanning from New York and Chicago to Los Angeles and Houston.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Supplements

{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} produces a number of supplements:

  • Fridays:
  • Saturdays:
    • Babelia, cultural supplement
    • Icon, monthly supplement for men.
    • SModa, Women's magazine aimed at real, modern, urban, and sophisticated women.
    • El Viajero (Template:Langx), on travel.
  • Sundays:
    • the magazine El País Semanal (Template:Langx) previously called EP[S] on fashion, reports and opinion,
    • Negocios (Template:Langx), financial supplement.
    • Ideas, The big current affairs stories of the week are discussed at length every Sunday, with rigor and passion.

A number of publications issued in installments have also been produced throughout its history.

Ideological stance

The paper is characterized by the amount of space it gives to the reporting of international news, culture, and information regarding the economy as well as Spanish news. It has specific columnists and contributors from different social backgrounds contributing to the democratic and pro-European editorial line of the newspaper. The paper's ideology has been defined by a leaning towards Europeanism, progressivism, and social liberalism.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Politically, it was situated in the centre-left during most of Spain's transition to democracy.<ref name=kat>Template:Cite book</ref> It regularly criticized the conservative government of Mariano Rajoy (2011–2018) over corruption scandals, economic performance, and a "do-nothing" approach to the Catalan crisis.<ref name="elpais">Template:Cite news</ref> In the late 1970s and 1980s, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} had close connections with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).<ref name="frank">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The paper has repeatedly supported King Juan Carlos I for his contribution to the consolidation of democracy, especially for his decisive intervention in aborting the coup of 23 February 1981.<ref>"Injurias a la Corona". Editorial de {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (28 July 2007).</ref>

Notable contributors

See also

Template:Portal

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

  • Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers (1980) pp 238–41

Template:Spain newspapers Template:Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=El_País&oldid=276574"