Elijah Cummings
Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox officeholder Elijah Eugene Cummings (January 18, 1951Template:SpndOctober 17, 2019) was an American politician and lawyer who served in the United States House of Representatives for Template:Ushr from 1996 until his death in 2019, when he was succeeded by his predecessor Kweisi Mfume.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The district he represented included over half of the city of Baltimore, including most of the majority-black precincts of Baltimore County, and most of Howard County, Maryland. A member of the Democratic Party, Cummings previously served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1983 to 1996.
Cummings served as the chair of the Committee on Oversight and Reform from January 2019 until his death in October of the same year.
Early life, education, and career
Cummings was born on January 18, 1951, in Baltimore, son of Ruth Elma (Template:Nee) and Robert Cummings.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His parents were sharecroppers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was the third child of seven. When he was 11 years old, Cummings and some friends worked to integrate a segregated swimming pool in South Baltimore.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Cummings graduated with honors from Baltimore City College high school in 1969.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="gpo">Template:Cite book</ref> He then attended Howard University in Washington, D.C.,<ref name="gpo" /> where he served in the student government as sophomore class president, student government treasurer, and later student government president. He became a member of the Phi Beta Kappa society<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and graduated in 1973 with a bachelor's degree in political science.<ref name="gpo" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Cummings graduated from law school at the University of Maryland School of Law, receiving his Juris Doctor in 1976, and was admitted to the bar in Maryland later that year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He practiced law for 19 years before first being elected to the United States House of Representatives in the 1996 election.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
For 14 years, Cummings served in the Maryland House of Delegates. His predecessor, Lena King Lee, raised funds and campaigned for him; years later, Cummings credited her with launching his political career.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the Maryland General Assembly, he served as Chairman of the Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland and was the first African American in Maryland history to be named Speaker Pro Tempore.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Cummings also served on several boards and commissions, both in and out of Baltimore. Those include SEED Schools of Maryland Board of Directors and the University of Maryland Law School Board of Advisors.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He served on numerous Maryland boards and commissions including the Board of Visitors to the United States Naval Academy and the Elijah Cummings Youth Program in Israel. He was an honorary member of the Baltimore Zoo Board of Trustees.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In addition to his speaking engagements, he wrote a biweekly column for the Baltimore Afro-American newspaper.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Elijah Cummings was a member of Phi Beta Sigma and a Prince Hall Mason.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
U.S. House of Representatives
Committee assignments
- Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
- Committee on Oversight and Government Reform (Chair)
- Select Committee on Benghazi (Ranking Minority Member 114th Congress)
In December 2010, Edolphus Towns announced that he would not seek the position of ranking minority member of the Oversight Committee in the next Congress, even though his seniority and service as chair would typically result in his filling this post. Reportedly, Towns withdrew because of a lack of support from Nancy Pelosi who feared that he would not be a sufficiently aggressive leader of Democrats in an anticipated struggle with incoming committee chair Republican Darrell Issa.<ref name="tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com">Template:Cite news</ref> Reportedly, the White House also wanted Towns to be replaced.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Cummings defeated Carolyn Maloney in a vote of the House Democratic Caucus.<ref name="tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com" />
In his role as chair of the Oversight Committee, Cummings presided over the first public testimony by President Trump's former lawyer, Michael Cohen,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and was a leading figure in the impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Carolyn Maloney was named acting chair by Speaker Nancy Pelosi, and won the subsequent election in the Democratic caucus to serve as permanent chair.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Caucus memberships
- Task Force on Health Care Reform
- Co-founder and Chairman of the Congressional Caucus on Drug Policy
- Congressional Arts Caucus<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Afterschool Caucuses<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Cummings was a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He served as chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> during the 108th United States Congress.
Cummings received praise following the congressional panel hearings on steroids in 2008. While investigating the use of steroids in sports, the panel called numerous baseball players to testify, including former single season home run record holder Mark McGwire. After McGwire answered many questions in a vague fashion, Cummings demanded to know if he was "taking the Fifth", referring to the Fifth Amendment. McGwire responded by saying, "I am here to talk about the future, not about the past." The exchange came to epitomize the entire inquiry.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Legislation
Cummings introduced the Presidential and Federal Records Act Amendments of 2014, a bipartisan bill signed into law by then-President Barack Obama in December 2014. The bill, which Cummings co-sponsored with Representative Darrell Issa, (R-California), is a set of amendments to the Federal Records Act and Presidential Records Act. Among other provisions, the bill modernizes the definition of a federal record to expressly include electronic documents.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
He supported the Smart Savings Act, a bill that would make the default investment in the Thrift Savings Plan (TSP) an age-appropriate target date asset allocation investment fund (L Fund) instead of the Government Securities Investment Fund (G Fund).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Cummings called the bill a "commonsense change" and argued that the bill "will enable workers to take full advantage of a diversified fund designed to yield higher returns".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
He introduced the All Circuit Review Extension Act, a bill that would extend for three years the authority for federal employees who appeal a judgment of the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) to file their appeal at any U.S. circuit court of appeals, instead of only the U.S. Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Cummings said that this program is important to extend because it "allows whistleblowers to file appeals where they live rather than being limited to the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals".<ref name="CommitPR1">Template:Cite web</ref> He also said that the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals has "an abysmal track record in whistleblower cases".<ref name="CommitPR1" />
In remarks at the 2016 Democratic National Convention, Cummings declared: "Our party does not just believe, but understands, that Black Lives Matter. But we also recognize that our community and our law enforcement work best when they work together."<ref>Dan Spinelli, Cummings declares 'Black Lives Matter' in convention speech Template:Webarchive, Politico (July 25, 2016).</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Tenure
Rep. Cummings was shown to be very passionate and dedicated in his beliefs, and could often be seen becoming emotional in public as a result.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref> Cummings was seemingly very agreeable as well. According to many, Cummings would often befriend members of the Republican Party, and was highly respected by both sides of the aisle.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
Political campaigns
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The five-term Congressman for Maryland's 7th congressional district, Kweisi Mfume, resigned in February 1996 to take the presidency of the NAACP. Cummings won a crowded twenty-seven-way Democratic primary—the real contest in this heavily Democratic, black-majority district—with 37.5% of the vote.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the special election, he defeated Republican Kenneth Kondner with over 80 percent of the vote. He defeated Kondner again in November by a similar margin to win the seat in his own right.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Failed verification
He was reelected 11 more times in the contests which followed, never dropping below 69 percent of the vote. He ran unopposed in 2006.<ref name="auto" />Template:Failed verification
Obama campaign
Early in 2007, Cummings began campaigning for Barack Obama's presidential bid, attempting to solidify Obama's support in the African American community.Template:Citation needed Early in 2008, Obama remained relatively unknown and Congressional Black Caucus support was split with Hillary Clinton.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Cummings traveled extensively to campaign for Obama.Template:Citation needed
Electoral history
Template:Ushr: Results 1996–2018<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Personal life
Cummings lived in the Madison Park community in Baltimore and was an active member of the New Psalmist Baptist Church.<ref name="auto" />Template:Failed verification He married Joyce Matthews, with whom he had a daughter, Jennifer J. Cummings.<ref name="Carlson2019">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Rivera2019">Template:Cite news</ref> He had a son and a daughter, Adia Cummings, from other relationships.<ref name="Carlson2019" /><ref name="Rivera2019" /> He married Maya Rockeymoore Cummings in 2009, who was elected chairwoman of the Maryland Democratic Party in December 2018.<ref name="maya-washington-post">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="RollCall">Template:Cite news</ref>
In June 2011, his nephew Christopher Cummings, son of his brother James, was murdered at his off-campus house near Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, where he was a student.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On August 12, 2021, Norfolk Police charged four men with the murder.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Cummings underwent surgery to repair his aortic valve in May 2017 and was absent from Capitol Hill for two months. In July 2017, he developed a surgery-related infection but returned to work.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Cummings was later hospitalized for a knee infection.<ref name="Barker">Template:Cite news</ref>
Cummings was diagnosed with a rare form of cancer called thymic carcinoma in 1994 while serving as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. It was revealed in November 2019 that Cummings had lived with the cancer for 25 years, though it was not stated as the cause of death.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Death
Elijah Cummings died on October 17, 2019, at Johns Hopkins Hospital at the age of 68 from "complications concerning longstanding health challenges", his spokeswoman stated.<ref name="Barker" /><ref name="funeral">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Before his funeral service on October 25 at Baltimore's New Psalmist Baptist Church, where he was a member for 40 years, Cummings lay in state at the U.S. Capitol Building's Statuary Hall on October 24.<ref name="elijahhonor">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="funeral" />
Cummings is the first African American lawmaker to achieve the honor of lying in state at the nation's Capitol.<ref name="elijahhonor" /> Prior to his death, the most recent people to lie in state were former senator John McCain and former president George H. W. Bush. Following a state funeral which was attended by family and members of Congress,<ref name="assostartrib">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> thousands of public mourners were seen entering the U.S. Capitol to see his casket and received greetings from his widow, Maya Rockeymoore-Cummings.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="assostartrib" /> His casket departed from the U.S. Capitol at around 8:35 p.m.<ref name="assostartrib" />
On October 25, 2019, the official funeral for Cummings was held at the New Psalmist Baptist Church in Baltimore. Many political figures of the Democratic Party, including former Presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Joe Biden, John Lewis, Amy Klobuchar, Elizabeth Warren, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, and his predecessor Kweisi Mfume (who then became his successor) attended the funeral service.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His friend and long time pastor Bishop Walter S. Thomas, Sr. performed the eulogy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Political positions
Healthcare
Cummings was in favor of single-payer healthcare. While he supported the Affordable Care Act, he believed that the legislation should have added a public option.<ref name="votesmart">Template:Cite web</ref>
Marijuana
Cummings believed that marijuana should be legalized and taxed at the same rate as alcohol.<ref name="votesmart" />
Honors and awards
Cummings was awarded many honors and awards in recognition of his political career. These include:
Honorary degrees
- Cummings received 13 honorary doctoral degrees from universities across the United States, most recently an honorary doctorate of public service from the University of Maryland, College Park in 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Honorary degrees
| Location | Date | School | Degree |
|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Flagu | 2003 | Howard University | Doctor of Laws (LL.D)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Template:Flagu | 2006 | Morgan State University | Doctor of Laws (LL.D)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Template:Flagu | 2007 | Goucher College | Doctorate<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Template:Flagu | 2014 | Maryland Institute College of Art | Doctorate<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Template:Flagu | 2015 | Johns Hopkins University | Doctor of Humane Letters (DHL)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Template:Flagu | December 20, 2017 | University of Maryland, College Park | Doctor of Public Service<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
See also
- List of African-American United States representatives
- List of members of the United States Congress who died in office (2000–present)#2010s
References
External links
Template:Sister project links Template:CongLinks
- Template:C-SPAN
- Biography at Maryland Manual
- Congressional Quarterly Voting and Elections Collection.
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- 1951 births
- 2019 deaths
- 20th-century African-American politicians
- 20th-century Baptists
- 20th-century members of the Maryland General Assembly
- 21st-century African-American politicians
- 21st-century Baptists
- 21st-century Maryland politicians
- 21st-century United States representatives
- African-American Christians
- African-American United States representatives
- African-American state legislators in Maryland
- American columnists
- Baltimore City College alumni
- Baptists from Maryland
- Democratic Party members of the Maryland House of Delegates
- Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland
- Howard University alumni
- Lawyers from Baltimore
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- Progressivism in the United States
- University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law alumni