Eliyahu Rips

Eliyahu Rips (Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Template:Langx; 12 December 1948 – 19 July 2024) was an Israeli mathematician of Latvian origin known for his research in geometric group theory. He became known to the general public following his co-authoring a paper on what is popularly known as Bible code, the supposed coded messaging in the Hebrew text of the Torah.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Biography

Ilya (Eliyahu) Rips grew up in Latvia (then part of the Soviet Union). His mother was Jewish and from Riga, the only of nine siblings that survived the war; the others were killed in Rumbula and other places. His father Aaron was a Jewish mathematician from Belarus; his first wife, children, and all of his relatives were killed during the Holocaust.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Rips was the first high school student from Latvia to participate in the International Mathematical Olympiad. In January 1969, he learnt from listening to Western radio broadcast — then illegal in the USSR — of the self-immolation of Czechoslovak student Jan Palach. On 13 April 1969, Rips, then a graduate student at the University of Latvia, attempted self-immolation in a protest against the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia. After unwrapping a self-made slogan condemning the occupation of Czechoslovakia he lit a candle and set his gasoline-soaked clothes ablaze. A group of bystanders was able to quickly put the fire out, resulting only in burns to Rips' neck and hands. Though injured, he was first taken to the local KGB office and interrogated. He was incarcerated by the Soviet government for two years. After his story spread among Western mathematical circles and a wave of petitions, Rips was freed in 1971. The following year, he was allowed to immigrate to Israel.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Rips joined the Department of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and in 1975 completed his Ph.D. in mathematics there. His topic was the dimensional subgroup problem. He was awarded the Aharon Katzir Prize. In 1979, Rips received the Erdős Prize from the Israel Mathematical Society, and was a sectional speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1994.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Rips died on 19 July 2024, at the age of 75.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was survived by his wife, Dvorah, five children, and more than thirty grandchildren.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Academic career

Rips was a professor in the Department of Mathematics at Hebrew University. He was a specialist in geometric group theory.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He published work on the Burnside problem, small cancellation rings, double cosets in hyperbolic groups, properties of free groups, torsion-free groups, and many other mathematics topics.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Rips formulated what came to be known as the Rips machine in unpublished work in the early 1990s. The technique provides a way of understanding group actions on <math>\mathbb R</math>-trees.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rips collaborated with his student Zlil Sela in work on hyperbolic groups.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The Bible Code controversy

Template:Main In the late 1970s, Rips began looking with the help of a computer for codes in the Torah. In 1994, Rips, together with Doron Witztum and Yoav Rosenberg, published in the journal Statistical Science an article, "Equidistant Letter Sequences in the Book of Genesis", which claimed the discovery of encoded messages in the Hebrew text of the Book of Genesis.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This, in turn, was the inspiration for the 1997 book The Bible Code by journalist Michael Drosnin. While Rips originally claimedTemplate:Citation needed that he agreed with Drosnin's findings, in 1997 Rips described Drosnin's book as "on very shaky ground" and "of no value."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Since Drosnin's book, Bible codes have been a subject of controversy, with the claims being criticized by Brendan McKay and others.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> An early supporter of Rips' theories was Robert Aumann, Nobel Prize Laureate in Economics 2005, who headed a commission overseeing Rips' experiments attempting to prove the existence of a secret code from God in the Torah. Eventually, Aumann abandoned the idea and withdrew his support from Rips.

The Bible Code treats the text of the Bible as a word search puzzle: for example, a word may be spelled diagonally moving in a north west direction, or perhaps left-to-right taking every second letter. The more patterns that are allowed, the more words that can be found. Elementary statistics can be used to estimate the probabilities of finding certain hidden messages. The statistician Jeffrey S. Rosenthal shows in his book Struck by Lightning: The Curious World of Probabilities<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref>Template:Page needed that "hidden messages" are statistically expected and hence should not be seen as divine messages, much less as predictions of the future. Mathematician Brendan McKay illustrated this point by finding messages in the English text of Moby Dick that supposedly "predicted" famous assassinations of the past, such as the assassination of John F. Kennedy and the assassination of Indira Gandhi.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The 1997 "Ig Nobel Prize for Literature" was awarded to Eliyahu Rips, Doron Witztum, Yoav Rosenberg, and Michael Drosnin, for their work on Bible codes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Selected papers

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External links

• The Bible Code, transcript of a story which aired on BBC Two, Thursday 20 November 2003, featuring comments by Drosnin, Rips, and Brendan McKay.
• Torah Codes: End to Darkness (2015), a documentary in which Rips features prominently. In addition to discussing his text analyses, he relates the story of his self-immolation attempt.
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