Emperor Suzaku

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Template:Use mdy dates Template:Short description Template:Infobox Monarch

Template:Nihongo was the 61st emperor of Japan,<ref name="kunaicho">Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): 朱雀天皇 (61)</ref> according to the traditional order of succession.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 69–70.</ref>

Suzaku's reign spanned the years from 930 through 946.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 134–139; Brown, Delmer. (1879). Gukanshō, pp. 294–295; Varley, H. Paul (1980) Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 181–183.</ref>

Biography

Before he ascended the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imina)<ref>Brown, p. 264; before Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors were very long, and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.</ref> was Hiroakira-shinnō.<ref name="t134v181">Titsingh, p. 134; Varley, p. 181.</ref> He was also known as Template:Nihongo.<ref name="b294">Brown, p. 294.</ref>

Hiroakira-shinnō was the 11th son of Emperor Daigo and Empress Consort Onshi, a daughter of the regent and great minister of the council of state, Fujiwara no Mototsune.<ref>Varley, p. 181.</ref>

Suzaku had two Empresses or consorts and one Imperial daughter.<ref name="b295">Brown, p. 295</ref>

Events of Suzaku's life

Suzaku's older brother died unexpectedly young, as did his brother's son. These untimely deaths opened the way for Suzaku to accede to the throne.

  • 16 October 930 (Enchō 8, 22nd day of the 9th month): In the 33rd year of the reign of Daigo-tennō (醍醐天皇三十三年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (the senso) was received by his eleventh son, Hiroakira-shinnō<ref name="t134v181"/> (also known as Yutaakira-shinnō).<ref>Brown, p. 295; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized before Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.</ref>
  • 14 December 930 (Enchō 8, 22nd day of the 11th month): Emperor Suzaku, who was only eight years old, acceded to the throne (the sokui).<ref name="t134v181"/>
  • 16 May 931 (Enchō 9, 26th day of the 4th month): The era name was changed to mark the beginning of the new emperor's reign.<ref>Brown, p. 295; Varley, pp. 181–182.</ref>
  • 5 August 931 (Jōhei 1, 19th day of the 7th month): The former-Emperor Uda (867–931) died at the age of 65.<ref>Titsingh, p. 135; Brown, p. 295.</ref>
  • 6 September 932 (Jōhei 2, 4th day of the 8th month): The udaijin (Minister of the Right) Fujiwara no Sadakata died at the age of 65.<ref name="t135">Titsingh, p. 135.</ref>
  • 14 March 933 (Jōhei 3, 16th day of the 2nd month): The dainagon (Counselor) Fujiwara no Nakahira is named udaijin. Nakahira is the brother of sesshō (regent) Fujiwara no Tadahira.<ref name="t135b294">Titsingh, p. 135; Brown, p. 294.</ref>
  • 933 (Jōhei 3, 12th month): Ten of the chief dignitaries of the empire went falcon-hunting together in Owari Province. Each of them was magnificent in his formal hunting attire.<ref name="t135"/>
  • 935 (Jōhei 5): The Great Fundamental Central Hall (kompon chūdō) on Mt. Hiei burned down.<ref name="b295"/>
  • 7 September 936 (Jōhei 6, 19th day of the 8th month): Fujiwara no Tadahira was named daijō-daijin (Prime Minister); and in this same period, Fujiwara no Nakahira was named sadaijin (Minister of the Left), and Template:Ill was named udaijin.<ref name="t135"/>
  • 937 (Jōhei 7, 12th month): The former-Emperor Yōzei celebrated his 70th birthday.<ref name="t135"/>
  • 938 (Jōhei 8, 4th month): Serial intermittent ground-tremors were felt in Heian-kyō from the 10th through the 29th days of this month.<ref>Titsingh, p. 136.</ref>
  • 940 (Tengyō 3): During his reign, Taira no Masakado raised a great insurrection in the Kantō region and declared himself the "New Emperor" (新皇). Still, his forces were defeated by Fujiwara no Hidesato and Taira no Sadamori, and he was decapitated.<ref name="b295"/>
  • 941 (Tengyō 4): Fujiwara no Sumitomo staged a rebellion, having made a secret agreement with Taira no Masakado, but his army was defeated by Tachibana Tōyasu.<ref name="b295"/>
  • 23 May 946 (Tengyō 9, 20th day of the 4th month): Suzaku abdicates, having ruled for 16 years.<ref name="b295v130">Brown, p. 295; Varley, p. 130.</ref> The emperor was succeeded by his younger brother, who would become Emperor Murakami.
  • 952 (Tenryaku 6): Suzaku took ordination as a Buddhist monk at Ninna-ji.
  • 6 September 952 (Tenryaku 6, 15th day of the 8th month): Suzaku died at the age of 30.<ref name="b295v130"/>

The actual site of Suzaku's grave is known.<ref name="kunaicho"/> This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Kyoto.

The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Suzaku's mausoleum. It is formally named Daigo no misasagi<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 420.</ref> in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto near the Buddhist temple, Daigo-ji.

Kugyō

Template:Nihongo is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.<ref>Furugosho: Kugyō of Suzaku-tennō.</ref>

This elite group generally included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background had brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Suzaku's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

Eras of Suzaku's reign

Japanese Imperial kamon – a stylised chrysanthemum blossom

The years of Suzaku's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.<ref>Titsingh, p. 134.</ref>

Ancestry

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Notes

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References

See also

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