Enric Miralles

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File:Igualada 5.JPG
Igualada Cemetery
File:Jfader santa catalina.jpg
Santa Caterina Market
File:Edinburgh Scottish Parliament01 2006-04-29.jpg
Exterior view of the Scottish Parliament Building in Edinburgh
File:Scottish Parliament01 2005-11-13.jpg
Debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament
File:Enric Miralles and Carme Pinós, Igualada Cemetery (Cementiri Nou), 1993 -17 (1993).jpg
Igualada Cemetery (Cementiri Nou), 1993 - View towards entrance
File:Enric Miralles and Carme Pinós, Igualada Cemetery (Cementiri Nou), 1993 -16 (1993).jpg
Igualada Cemetery (Cementiri Nou), Fall 1993 - View of precast concrete screens
File:Enric Miralles and Carme Pinós, Archery Pavilion, 1992 -04 (1993).jpg
Archery Pavilion, 1992 - View of precast roof elements at change rooms
File:Enric Miralles and Carme Pinós, Archery Pavilion, 1992 -08 (1993).jpg
Archery Pavilion, 1992

Enric Miralles Moya (12 February 1955 – 3 July 2000) was a Spanish architect from Barcelona.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He graduated from the Barcelona School of Architecture (ETSAB) at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) in 1978. After establishing his reputation with a number of collaborations with his first wife Carme Pinós; the couple separated in 1991. Miralles later married fellow architect Benedetta Tagliabue, and the two practiced together as EMBT Architects. Miralles' largest and most controversial project, the Scottish Parliament Building, was unfinished at the time of his death.

File:2017-04-24 Enric Miralles uitbreiding stadhuis Utrecht.jpg
Town hall (extension), Utrecht
File:Scottish Parliament Committee Rooms.jpg
The Scottish Parliament Building committee room ceiling

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Life

In 1978, Miralles completed his examinations at the Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura (ETSAB) in Barcelona. From 1973 to 1978, he worked in the architect's office of Albert Viaplana and Helio Piñón.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Whilst there—among other things—he was involved in the construction of the Plaça dels Països Catalans, the forecourt for the Estació de Sants. In 1984, after several architectural competition awards, Miralles formed his own office in Barcelona with his first wife Carme Pinós, which they led together until 1991. Within the rising Spanish architecture scene of the late 1980s following the death of Francisco Franco, their unusual buildings attracted international attention. As a result, they received numerous commissions from Spain and overseas. After their separation, Miralles and Pinós continued to work in separate offices.

In 1993, Miralles formed a new practice with his second wife, the Italian architect Benedetta Tagliabue, under the name "EMBT Architects". She resumed the practice under his name after his death. The most important projects; the Scottish Parliament Building in Edinburgh and the multistoried building for the Spanish gas company Gas Natural in Barcelona, were only finished after his death. Miralles died at the age of 45 as the result of a brain tumor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Architecture

The independent architectural language of Miralles can be difficult to classify in terms of contemporary architecture. It is influenced by Spanish architects, such as Alejandro de la Sota, José Antonio Coderch and Josep Maria Jujol, and also from international greats such as Le Corbusier, Louis Kahn and Alvar Aalto and the Russian Constructivist movement of the early 20th century. The freely formed buildings utilising massive building materials and steel, develop from their relationship with the environment and connect themselves to it. The form is constructed using often unusual materials which are generally left with natural surfaces. Form and material interpret the place, traditions and history in a personal and poetic art, as his critics attest. From the starting point of the townscape or landscape he would design a building in its totality, down to the details of the furnishing and the exterior installations. Therefore, the execution of the details was just as important to the communication of meaning as the main form. Both were developed over a large number of designs and with numerous models as the main tool of the design process.

Charles Jencks, writing on the problems surrounding the construction of the Scottish Parliament Building and the controversial reception of its design for Architecture Today, summed up Miralles' architectural style:

Miralles, like many other postmodern architects, has a preference for piling on the motifs and ideas: upturned boats, keel shapes, deep window reveals like a castle, crow-steps, prow shapes, diagonal gutters, 'bamboo bundles' and above all the dark granite gun-shape that repeats as an ornamental motif at a huge scale. Everywhere broken silhouettes compete for attention, just like the alleyways next door. That's fine, and contextual, but it's quite a meal. As a result of the complexity, the parliament is really a kind of small city, with much too much to digest in one short three-hour sitting. The Scottish parliament will take time to judge: maybe not 50 years but three or four visits, long enough to absorb all the richness and get used to those jumpy black granite guns, the most arbitrary of several questionable ornaments.<ref name="Jencks">Template:Cite web</ref>

Academia

Template:Unreferenced section Miralles was an active teacher at numerous universities. In 1985, he became a professor at the ETSAB in Barcelona. During 1990, he took over the conceptional design chair at the Städelschule in Frankfurt am Main. In 1993, Miralles received an invitation from Harvard University to occupy the Kenzo Tange chair. He taught as a guest lecturer at Columbia University in New York, Princeton University in New Jersey, the Architectural Association in London, the Berlage Instituut in Rotterdam, the Mackintosh School of Architecture in Glasgow and the Universities of Buenos Aires and Mexico City.

Work

Buildings

In Partnership with Carme Pinós

In Partnership with Benedetta Tagliabue

Projects

In partnership with Carme Pinós

  • 1985/86 Bridge in Lérida
  • 1987 El Vapor Vell house, Barcelona
  • 1988 Street canopies for the Expo 1992, Seville
  • 1988 House in Gerona
  • 1989 to 1992 Promenade in Reus, Tarragona

In partnership with Benedetta Tagliabue

  • 1993 Old Port Redevelopment competition, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • 1995 Chemnitz Stadium
  • 1995 Dresden Stadium
  • 1995 Laboratory building for the University of Dresden
  • 1995 Tram stop in Frankfurt am Main
  • 1996 Japanese National Library, Tokyo, Japan
  • 1996 Auditorium for the University of Lübeck
  • 1997 Pier in Thessaloniki, Greece
  • 1998 San Michele Cemetery extension competition, Venice, Italy
  • 1999 Law courts competition in Salerno, Italy
  • 1999 University campus Vigo, Pontevedra
  • 2000 Wolfsburg Science Center competition
  • 2001 Competition for the head office of the California Department of Transportation, Los Angeles, US
  • 2007 Enric Miralles Public Library in Palafolls, Gerona

Furniture

  • The Sentada chair for Artespaña
  • 1993 The Iñes Table – designed for a project in Grenoble – a multi-use piece of furniture accommodating a variety of working and storage requirements.

Awards

References

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Bibliography

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