Ertuğrul
Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Pp-protected Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox royalty Ertuğrul or Ertuğrul Ghazi (Template:Langx; died Template:Circa)<ref name="shaw">Template:Cite book</ref> was a 13th-century uch bey (marcher-lord), who was the father of Osman I.<ref name="finkel">Template:Cite book</ref> Little is known about Ertuğrul's life. According to Ottoman tradition, he was the son of Suleyman Shah, the leader of the Kayı tribe (a claim which has come under criticism from many historians)Template:Efn of the Oghuz Turks (then known as Turkomans),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> which fled from western Central Asia to Anatolia to escape the Mongol conquests; but according to contemporary numinastic evidence, he was the son of Gündüz Alp.<ref name="misper"/><ref name="auto">Template:Cite book</ref> According to the legend, after the death of his father, Ertuğrul and his followers entered the service of the Sultanate of Rum, for which he was rewarded with dominion over the town of Söğüt on the frontier with the Byzantine Empire.<ref name="shaw"/> This set off the chain of events that would ultimately lead to the founding of the Ottoman Empire.
Biography
Nothing is known with certainty about Ertuğrul's life, other than that he was the father of Osman; historians are thus forced to rely upon stories written about him by the Ottomans more than a century later, which are of questionable accuracy.<ref name="coin">Template:Cite book
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According to the sources written Template:Circa 100–150 years after the establishment of the Ottoman state, Ertuğrul's lineage is traced to Noah, through Oghuz Khagan.<ref name="islamansiklopedisi"/> Ottoman historian and ambassador to the Qara Qoyunlu, Şükrullah states that Ertuğrul's lineage goes to Gökalp, a son of Oghuz Khagan. The author states that the information was shown during a court of Jahan Shah, from a book written in Mongolian script.<ref>Template:TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi</ref> Since historians like Şükrullah did not have any information about the lineage of the Oghuzes, they attributed Kayı Khan to Gök AlpTemplate:Sic (it should be "Khan" instead of "Alp") and not to Gün Khan. However, it is also possible that the Ottoman dynasty was a member of the Kayı tribe.<ref>Template:TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi</ref>
An undated coin, from the time of Osman, with the text "Minted by Osman son of Ertuğrul", suggests that Ertuğrul was a historical figure.<ref name="finkel"/>Template:Rp Another coin reads "Osman bin Ertuğrul bin Gündüz Alp",<ref name="misper">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="islamansiklopedisi"/> though Ertuğrul is traditionally considered the son of Suleyman Shah.<ref name="auto"/>
In Enveri's Düsturname (1465) and Karamani Mehmet Pasha's chronicle (before 1481), Gündüz Alp is Ertugrul's father. After Aşıkpaşazade's chronicle Tevārīḫ-i Āl-i ʿOsmān (15th century), the Suleyman Shah version became the official one.<ref name="Explorations" />
According to many Turkish sources, Ertuğrul had three brothers named; Sungur-tekin, Gündoğdu and Dündar.<ref name="three sons" /> After the death of their father, Ertuğrul with his mother Hayme Hatun, Dündar and his followers from the Kayı tribe migrated west into Anatolia and entered the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, leaving his two brothers who took their clans towards the east.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite bookTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In this way, the Kayı tribe was divided into two parts. According to these later traditions, Ertuğrul was chief of his Kayı tribe.<ref name="shaw"/>
As a result of his assistance to the Seljuks against the Byzantines, Ertuğrul was granted lands in Karaca Dağ, a mountainous area between Diyarbakır and Urfa, by Kayqubad I, the Seljuk Sultan of Rum. One account indicates that the Seljuk leader's rationale for granting Ertuğrul land was for Ertuğrul to repel any hostile incursion from the Byzantines or other adversary.<ref>Ali Anooshahr, The Ghazi Sultans and the Frontiers of Islam, pg. 157</ref> Later, he received the village of Söğüt which he conquered together with the surrounding lands. That village, where he later died, became the Ottoman capital under his son, Osman I.<ref name="islamansiklopedisi" /> Osman's mother has been referred to as Halime Hatun in later myths,Template:Citation needed and there is a grave outside the Ertuğrul Gâzi Tomb which bears the name, but it is disputed.<ref name="mahzun">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
According to many sources, he had two other sons in addition to Osman I: Saru-Batu (Savci) Bey<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="islamansiklopedisi"/> and Gündüz Bey.<ref name="sons">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Explorations">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Like his son, Osman, and their descendants, Ertuğrul is often referred to as a Ghazi, a heroic champion fighter for the cause of Islam.<ref>Southeastern Europe under Ottoman rule, 1354–1804, By Peter F. Sugar , pg.14</ref>
Legacy
A tomb and mosque dedicated to Ertuğrul is said to have been built by Osman I at Söğüt, but due to several rebuildings nothing certain can be said about the origin of these structures. The current mausoleum was built by Sultan Abdul Hamid II (r. 1876–1909) in the late 19th century. The town of Söğüt celebrates an annual festival to the memory of the early Osmans.<ref name="finkel"/>Template:Rp<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
In 1826, Ertuğrul Cavalry Regiment of the Ottoman Army was named in his honor.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Ottoman frigate Ertuğrul, launched in 1863, was named after him. Abdul Hamid II also had a yacht with the same name.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque (late 19th century) in Istanbul, Turkey and the Ertuğrul Gazi Mosque in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan (completed in 1998), are also named in his honor. The mosque in Turkmenistan was established by the Turkish government as a symbol of the link between Turkey and Turkmenistan.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Ginio">Template:Cite book</ref>
Ertuğrul is one of several statues that surround the Independence Monument in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The statues depict people praised in the Ruhnama, a spiritual guide written by Turkmenistan president Saparmurat Niyazov.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The Ertuğrul statue has also been depicted on a 2001 commemorative coin.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Two statues of Ertuğrul on horseback were placed by a private cooperative housing society in Lahore, Pakistan, in 2020. They were inspired by Diriliş: Ertuğrul, a 2014 TV series.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A bust of Ertuğrul was erected in Ordu, Turkey, in 2020. However the bust was removed by local authorities after it was pointed out that it resembled the actor from the TV series.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque, in Istanbul, Turkey
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The Ertuğrul cavalry regiment, 1901 painting by Fausto Zonaro
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Ertuğrul Gazi Mosque, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
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Independence Monument in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Ertuğrul statue on the right
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In fiction
Template:Main Ertugrul has been portrayed in the Turkish television series Template:Ill (1988), adapted from a novel by the same name,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Diriliş: Ertuğrul (2014–2019)<ref name="dawn">Template:Cite news</ref> and the sequel Kuruluş: Osman (2019).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Template:Contains special characters
See also
- Ottoman family tree
- Söğüt Ertuğrul Gazi Museum
- Karacahisar Castle
- Ertuğrul Osman, "the Last Ottoman"