Essie Mae Washington-Williams

Essie Mae Washington-Williams (Template:Née Butler; October 12, 1925 – February 4, 2013) was an American teacher and author. She was the eldest child of Strom Thurmond, governor of South Carolina and longtime United States senator known for his pro-segregation politics and for completing the longest single-person Senate speech in opposition to the Civil Rights Act of 1957, until this record was broken in 2025 by Cory Booker.<ref name="Janofsky">Janofsky, Michael. "Thurmond Kin Acknowledge Black Daughter", The New York Times, December 16, 2004.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Of mixed race, she was born to Carrie Butler, a 16-year-old African-American girl who worked as a domestic servant for Thurmond's parents, and Thurmond, then 22 and unmarried. Essie Mae grew up in the family of one of her mother's sisters, not learning of her biological parents until 1938 when her mother came for a visit and informed Essie Mae she was her mother.<ref name="Dear Sen">Washington-Williams, Essie Mae (2005). Dear Senator: A Memoir by the Daughter of Strom Thurmond. Harper.</ref>Template:Rp She graduated from college, earned a master's degree, married, raised a family, and had a 30-year professional career in education.

Washington-Williams did not reveal her father's identity until she was almost 78 years old, after Thurmond's death at the age of 100 in 2003. Though he had little to do with her upbringing, he had paid for her college education and took an interest in her and her family all his life. In 2005, she published her autobiography, Dear Senator: A Memoir by the Daughter of Strom Thurmond, which was nominated for the National Book Award and a Pulitzer Prize.

Early life

Essie Mae was the daughter of Carrie Butler, who was 15 or 16 when her daughter was born, and Strom Thurmond, then 22.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Carrie Butler worked as a domestic servant for Thurmond's parents. Butler sent her daughter from South Carolina to her older sister Mary and her husband John Henry Washington to be raised in Coatesville, Pennsylvania. The girl was named Essie after another of Carrie's sisters, who fostered her briefly as an infant. Essie Mae grew up with her cousin, seven years older than she, who she believed was her half-brother.<ref>Gross, Terry (February 1, 2005). Template:"'Dear Senator', from Strom Thurmond's Daughter", NPR.</ref> She was unaware of the identity of her biological parents until 1938, when she was 13 and her mother told her the full story. In 1941, her mother took her to meet Thurmond in person.<ref>Template:Citation.</ref>

Essie Mae and her mother met infrequently with Thurmond after that, although they had some contact for years.<ref name="Maslin">Maslin, Janet (January 17, 2005). "A Thurmond Child Looks at Her Life and His Racism", The New York Times, retrieved March 27, 2009.</ref> After high school, she worked as a nurse at Harlem Hospital in New York City, and took a course in business education at New York University.

She did not visit the segregated South until 1942, when she met relatives in Edgefield. After having grown up in Pennsylvania, she was shocked by the racial restrictions of the South. She returned to the North to live with relatives during the war years. After Thurmond returned from World War II, she started college at the all-black South Carolina State College (SCSC) in the fall of 1947.<ref name="Dear Sen" />Template:Rp Thurmond quietly paid for her college education. She met and married future lawyer Julius Williams at SCSC in 1948. Her first child, Julius Williams Jr., was born in 1949. As a result, Essie Mae left college in the summer of 1949 to begin raising the first of her four children.<ref name="Dear Sen" />Template:Rp

Career

During the late 1950s and 1960s, the years of national activism in the civil rights movement, Washington occasionally tried to discuss racism with Thurmond, who was known for his long-time political support for segregation, but he brushed off her complaints about segregated facilities.<ref name="Maslin" /> Nevertheless, Washington felt that she made a significant impact on Thurmond during their private conversations on race and race relations and that Thurmond's policies towards African Americans were affected as a result. In 1976, for example, Thurmond nominated Matthew J. Perry,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> whom Essie Mae dated in 1947 shortly before she met her husband, to the U.S. Court of Military Appeals. Thurmond became the first Southern senator to nominate an African American for a federal judgeship.<ref name="Dear Sen" />Template:Rp

Following the death of her husband in 1964, Washington moved again, to Los Angeles, California, where she completed her undergraduate studies to receive a bachelor's degree from California State University, Los Angeles in 1969<ref name="Dear Sen" />Template:Rp and earned a master's degree in education at the University of Southern California,<ref name="LA Times Obit">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>"Dr. Essie Mae Washington" Template:Webarchive, Strom Thurmond Center, Clemson University.</ref> She had a 30-year career as a teacher in the Los Angeles Unified School District from 1967 through 1997.<ref name="Maslin" /> Washington was a longtime member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority, which she joined while at South Carolina State.

Personal life

In 1949, Washington left college before her junior year after marrying Julius T. Williams, a law student at SCSC, the previous year. After his graduation from law school, they moved to his home town, Savannah, Georgia, where he established a law practice and was active in the NAACP.<ref name="LA Times Obit" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> They had two sons and two daughters together. He died in 1964. At the time of her death, Washington-Williams had 14 grandchildren and 15 great-grandchildren.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2004, Washington-Williams said that she intended to be active on behalf of the Black Patriots Foundation, which was raising funds to build a monument on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., to honor American blacks who served in the Revolutionary War.<ref name="jet"/> This organization became defunct the following year. Another group is now raising funds for the monument.Template:Citation needed

In 2004, Washington-Williams applied for membership in the United Daughters of the Confederacy based on her heritage through Thurmond to ancestors who fought as Confederate soldiers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She died before being accepted.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She also intended to join the Daughters of the American Revolution.<ref name="jet">"Daughter of late Sen. Strom Thurmond to join Confederacy group", Jet, July 19, 2004, retrieved March 26, 2009.</ref>

Washington-Williams was a Congregationalist.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Death

Washington-Williams died February 4, 2013, in Columbia, South Carolina, at age 87.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Legacy and honors

Strom Thurmond's statue with Essie Mae added. In the phrase "The father of four children", the "four" was replaced with "five".

When Washington-Williams announced her family connection, it was acknowledged by the Thurmond family.<ref name="Janofsky" /> In 2004, the state legislature approved the addition of her name to the list of Thurmond children on a monument for Senator Thurmond on the South Carolina Statehouse grounds.<ref name="jet"/>

In 2005, Washington-Williams was awarded an honorary Doctorate in education from South Carolina State University at Orangeburg when she was invited to speak at their commencement ceremony.Template:Citation needed

She published a memoir, Dear Senator: A Memoir by the Daughter of Strom Thurmond (2005), written with William Stadiem. It explored her sense of dislocation based on her mixed heritage, as well as going to college in the segregated South after having grown up in Pennsylvania.<ref name="Maslin" /> It was nominated for both a National Book Award and a Pulitzer Prize. Template:Clear

Further reading

• Essie Mae Washington-Williams and William Stadiem, Dear Senator: A Memoir by the Daughter of Strom Thurmond, Regan Books, 2005. Template:ISBN.
• Jack Bass and Marilyn W. Thompson, Ol' Strom: An Unauthorized Biography of Strom Thurmond, University of South Carolina Press, 2003. Template:ISBN.
• Jack Bass and Marilyn W. Thompson, Strom: The Complicated Personal and Political Life of Strom Thurmond, Public Affairs, 2005. Template:ISBN.

External links

• Gross, Terry, Template:"'Dear Senator', from Strom Thurmond's Daughter", Interview, National Public Radio, February 1, 2005.
• Rather, Dan, "Essie Mae Washington-Williams", Interview, CBS 60 Minutes II, December 17, 2003
• "South Carolina: Biracial Child Added To Thurmond Monument", New York Times, June 29, 2004
• More about Essie Mae Washington-Williams, Frank Wheaton Official Website
• Template:Find a Grave
• Template:C-SPAN