Exmouth, Western Australia

Exmouth (Template:IPAc-en Template:RespellTemplate:Efn, Dhalandji: Ningaloo) is a town on the tip of the North West Cape and on Exmouth Gulf in Western Australia, Template:Convert north of the state capital Perth and Template:Convert southwest of Darwin.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The town was established in 1967 to support the nearby United States Naval Communication Station Harold E. Holt. It is named after Exmouth Gulf. Beginning in the late 1970s, the town began hosting United States Air Force personnel assigned to Learmonth Solar Observatory, a defence science facility jointly operated with Australia's Ionospheric Prediction Service. The town is served by Learmonth Airport.

History

In 1618, Dutch East India Company ship Template:Ship, under command of Willem Janszoon, landed near North West Cape, just proximate to what would be Exmouth, and named Willem's River, which was later renamed Ashburton River.

The location was first used as a military base in World War II. US Admiral James F. Calvert in his memoir, Silent Running: My Years on a World War II Attack Submarine, and US Vice Admiral Charles A. Lockwood in Sink 'Em All, his narrative of Allied submarine warfare, describe its history. After the retreat from Java in March 1942, Allied naval forces required a forward base for replenishing submarines, then the sole form of offensive warfare against the Japanese. Both Darwin, Northern Territory, and Broome, Western Australia, were too exposed to air attack, so a Template:Vague unmotorized lighter was placed as a refueling barge near the mouth of Exmouth Gulf, where the Allies were already maintaining a seaplane tender.

Code-named "Potshot", the spartan base was also developed as a submarine advanced base and rest camp using the tender USS Pelias. An airfield (now RAAF Learmonth) was constructed to provide fighter defense for the base. Z Special Unit used Potshot as a staging base for Operation Jaywick, a raid on Japanese shipping in Singapore Harbour, in September 1943.<ref>Potshot Memorial</ref> mTemplate:Full citation needed

In 2009, an emergency landing of the flight Qantas 72 was made at the nearby Learmonth Airport / RAAF Base Learmonth. The A330 had an incident involving the ADIRU which confused AoA (Angle of Attack) data with altitude data, making the plane think it was in a 16° pitch up when it was flying level. So the protection measures on the plane forced a 16° pitch down twice and brought negative G-forces on all passengers and it made them float for about 15 seconds. There were no deaths, but 1 crew member and 11 passengers suffered serious injuries.<ref name="ATSB_PrelimReport">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=oc10>Template:Cite news</ref>

Tourism

Vlamingh Head lighthouse

The town relies more on tourism than the station for its existence. At the 2016 census, Exmouth had a population of 2,486.<ref name="ABS">Template:Census 2016 AUS</ref>Template:Update inline At the height of the tourist season, the population swells to 6,000.

Exmouth is popular for diving and snorkelling.<ref>Destination Exmouth, westernaustalia.com</ref>Template:Full citation needed Some of the most famous snorkeling spots include Turquoise Bay and Oysters Stacks.

The Cape Range National Park, which has several gorges, is an area of Template:Convert and its main area is focused on the west coast of the Cape, which provides a large variety of camp sites on the coastal fringe of the park. Yardie Creek and Charles Knife Gorge are land based attractions.

On 20 April 2023, Exmouth was in the direct path of a total solar eclipse, which was the first to be visible in Australia since November 2012.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> More than 20,000 people watched the eclipse from Exmouth. This cost the State Government of Western Australia Template:AUD in planning and logistics fees.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Big Prawn, 2024

The Big Whale Shark, 2024

Big Things

Exmouth is also home to two of Australia's Big Things: The Big Whale Shark (constructed 2002) and The Big Prawn (constructed 2005) both of which were constructed by Brian Paskins.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

There is an ongoing "Prawn War" between this Big Prawn and the Big Prawn in Ballina, New South Wales; the Big Prawn in Ballina is larger but Exmouth locals say theirs is much more realistic.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Climate

Exmouth has a hot arid climate (Köppen BWh). Temperatures often reach over Template:Cvt in summer; while winters are warm with afternoon temperatures around Template:Cvt and mornings around Template:Cvt. There is no specific wet and dry season in Exmouth, although rain is most likely to fall between January and July, usually with monsoonal showers and storms from January to April and from the northern edges of cold fronts in May, June and July. The area occasionally gets caught by tropical cyclones. The period from August to December is usually dry. Template:Weather box

Weather events

On 22 March 1999, Tropical Cyclone Vance reached category 5 status as it made landfall near Exmouth. This resulted in the highest wind gust ever reported on the Australian mainland, Template:Convert at Learmonth, Template:Convert to the south. Vance caused significant flooding and property damage. There were no casualties.<ref>WA Tropical Cyclone Season Summary 1998-99</ref>Template:Full citation needed<ref name="usatoday1999">Template:Cite news</ref>

In April 2014, Exmouth was hit by a massive flash flood, nearly destroying the caravan park and seriously damaging much of the town's infrastructure, causing a severe blow to tourism in the region.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Further reading

• Template:Cite book
• Western Australia. Ministry for Planning.(1998) Exmouth-Learmonth (North West Cape) structure plan. Perth, W.A. : Western Australian Planning Commission. Template:ISBN (The draft Structure Plan for Exmouth-Learmonth (North West Cape) has been prepared by the Ministry for Planning under the guidance and direction of the Gascoyne Coast Planning Coordinating Committee (GCPCC) and the North West Cape Technical Advisory Group)

External links

• Exmouth Shire Information