Exsultate, jubilate

From Vero - Wikipedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Italic title Template:Infobox musical composition Template:Lang (Exult, rejoice), K. 165, is a 1773 motet by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

History

This religious solo motet was composed when Mozart was staying in Milan<ref name=Küster>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp<ref name=Zweifel>Template:Cite web</ref> during the production of his opera Lucio Silla which was being performed there in the Teatro Regio Ducale. It was written for the castrato Venanzio Rauzzini,<ref>L. Schenbeck (1996). Joseph Haydn and the Classical Choral Tradition, Hinshaw Music, p. 235</ref><ref>P. Barbier (1989). The World of the Castrati: The History of an Extraordinary Operatic Phenomenon, transl. M. Crosland, Souvenir Press, p. 179</ref> who had sung the part of the primo uomo Cecilio in Lucio Silla the previous year.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> While waiting for the end of the run (from 26 December 1772 to 25 January 1773), Mozart composed the motet for his singer, whose technical excellence he admired. Its first performance took place at the Theatine Church on 17 January 1773, while Rauzzini was still singing in Mozart's opera at night.<ref>Hermann Abert, Mozart, (1909), transl. and revised by Cliff Eisen, Yale University Press, 2007, pp. 150–151</ref> Mozart made some revisions around 1780.<ref>C. Eisen, S. Sadie. The New Grove Mozart Macmillan (2002), p. 11</ref> On 30 May 1779, a Trinity Sunday, a revised version was performed by Francesco Ceccarelli at the Holy Trinity Church, Salzburg. Another revised version was intended for Christmas. The manuscripts of the two Salzburg versions were discovered in 1978 in St. Jakob, Wasserburg am Inn.<ref name=Zweifel /> While in modern times the motet is usually sung by a female soprano, it was also recorded by a number of countertenors, including Michael Maniaci, Franco Fagioli, Template:Ill and Aris Christofellis (the latter recorded only the Alleluia movement).

The autograph manuscript of the motet is preserved in the Jagiellonian Library.

Structure

Template:External media It has four sections:

  1. Exsultate jubilate – Allegro (F major)
  2. Fulget amica dies – Secco recitative
  3. Tu virginum corona – Andante (A major)
  4. Alleluja – Allegro (F major)

Musicologist Stanley Sadie called the final section, "Alleluia", "a jewel of a piece with its high spirits and its wit ... like no other piece of Mozart's; its music speaks unmistakably of his relaxed high spirits at the time he wrote it and of the elation and confidence that his opera-house success had brought him".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Although nominally for liturgical use, the motet has many features in common with Mozart's concert arias, such as those drawn from his operas.<ref>Paul Corneilson (2006). "Arias, Concert", The Cambridge Mozart Encyclopedia, Cliff Eisen, Simon P. Keefe (eds.), Cambridge University Press, p. 21</ref> Mozart also used elements of concerto form in this motet.<ref name=Küster />Template:Rp

Instrumentation

The motet is scored for soprano solo, 2 oboes (or 2 flutes), bassoon, 2 natural horns in F, organ, 1st and 2nd violins and violas, cello, and double bass.

The occasionally divided viola section gives the orchestra a richer sound.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> This is something Mozart did more often, for example in his Sinfonia Concertante KV 364 in E-flat major for violin, viola and orchestra.

Libretto

Written in Latin, the author of the text is unknown but may have been Rauzzini.<ref>K-165, Britannica.com</ref>

<poem lang="la-VA">Exsultate, jubilate,

o vos animae beatae, dulcia cantica canendo, cantui vestro respondendo, psallant aethera cum me.</poem>

<poem>Rejoice, resound with joy,

o you blessed souls, singing sweet songs, In response to your singing let the heavens sing forth with me.</poem>

<poem lang="la-VA">Fulget amica dies,

Template:Not a typo fugere et nubila et procellae; exorta est justis inexspectata quies. Undique obscura regnabat nox, surgite tandem laeti qui timuistis adhuc, et Template:Not a typo aurorae fortunatae frondes dextera plena et lilia date.</poem>

<poem>The friendly day shines forth,

both clouds and storms have fled now; for the righteous there has arisen an unexpected calm. Dark night reigned everywhere [before]; arise, happy at last, you who feared till now, and joyful for this lucky dawn, give garlands and lilies with full right hand.</poem>

<poem lang="la-VA">Tu virginum corona,

tu nobis pacem dona, tu consolare affectus, unde suspirat cor.</poem>

<poem>You, o crown of virgins,

grant us peace, Console our feelings, from which our hearts sigh.</poem>

Template:Not a typo<ref name=Zweifel />

Revisions

The text of the first Salzburg version differs in the first and second section.<ref name=Zweifel />

<poem lang="la-VA">Exsultate, jubilate,

o vos animae beatae, Summa Trinitas revelatur et ubique adoratur, date illi gloriam. Summa Trias adoratur, date illi gloriam.</poem>

<poem>Rejoice, resound with joy,

o you blessed souls, the Great Trinity is revealed and everywhere adored; give It glory. The Great Triad is adored, give It glory.</poem>

<poem lang="la-VA">Tandem advenit hora,

qua Deum colimus in spiritu et veritate, et nomen illius magnum in omni loco est. Debitum Template:Not a typo illi sit sacrificium; sed per Mariam accedamus in fide ad fontem gratiae, ad thronum misericordiae, ut magis acceptabile sit obsequium.</poem>

<poem>At last the hour has come

when we worship God in spirit and in truth, and His name is great in every place. Now let the due sacrifice be made to Him; but through Mary let us approach in faith the source of Grace, the throne of Mercy, so that our obedience [or service] may be more acceptable.</poem>

The second Salzburg version differs from the previous only in the first section.<ref name=Zweifel />

<poem lang="la-VA">Exsultate, jubilate,

o vos animae beatae, Caro factus, factus homo ubique adoratur; date illi gloriam. Summa Trias adoratur, date illi gloriam.</poem>

<poem>Rejoice, resound with joy,

o you blessed souls, [He who was] made flesh, made man is everywhere adored; give Him glory. The Great Triad is adored, give It glory.</poem>

Recordings

CD recordings on period instruments include:

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Mozart masses Template:Portal bar Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Exsultate,_jubilate&oldid=377635"