Far Rockaway

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Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox settlement

Far Rockaway is a neighborhood on the eastern part of the Rockaway peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens. It is the easternmost section of the Rockaways. The neighborhood extends from Beach 32nd Street east to the Nassau County line. Its southern boundary is the Atlantic Ocean; it is one of the neighborhoods along Rockaway Beach.

Far Rockaway is located in Queens Community District 14 and its ZIP Codes are 11691 and 11693.<ref name="NYCPlanning"/> It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 101st Precinct.

History

Precolonial and colonial era

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File:Grand View Ave, Far Rockaway, New York.png
Grand View Avenue in the 1910s

The indigenous inhabitants of the Rockaways were the Canarsie Indians, a band of Mohegan, whose name was associated with the geography of the location. By 1639, the Mohegan tribe sold most of the Rockaways to the Dutch West India Company. In 1664, the English defeated the Dutch colony and took over their lands in present-day New York.<ref group="note">See New Amsterdam</ref><ref>Henry L. Schoolcraft, "The Capture of New Amsterdam", English Historical Review (1907). Vol. 22 #88, pp 674–693 Template:JSTOR</ref> In 1685, the band chief, Tackapoucha, and the English governor of the province agreed to sell the Rockaways to a Captain Palmer for 31 pounds sterling.<ref name="rockawave">* "Rockaway... 'place of waters bright'" Template:Webarchive, rockawave.com. Accessed March 16, 2015.

The Rockaway Peninsula was originally designated as part of the Town of Hempstead, then a part of Queens County. Palmer and the Town of Hempstead disputed over who owned Rockaway, so in 1687 he sold the land to Richard Cornell, an iron master from Flushing. Cornell and his family lived on a homestead on what is now Central Avenue, near the shore of the Atlantic Ocean. At his death, Cornell was buried in a small family cemetery, Cornell Cemetery.<ref name="rockawave" />

19th century

In the late 19th century, the Rockaway Association wanted to build a hotel on the Rockaway Peninsula, as it was increasingly popular as a summer destination. The association, consisting of many wealthy members who had homes in the area, bought most of Cornell's old homestead property. They developed the Marine Pavilion on that site, which attracted such guests as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Washington Irving, and the Vanderbilt family. The Rockaway Association also built the Rockaway Turnpike. The Marine Hotel burned to the ground in 1864, but more hotels and private residences were built in the area.<ref name="rockawave"/>

In the 19th century, people traveled to the Rockaways by horse-drawn carriages or on horseback. A ferry powered by steam sailed from Lower Manhattan to Brooklyn. By the 1880s, the Long Island Rail Road's Rockaway Beach Branch was built to serve Far Rockaway station.<ref name="rockawave"/> The steam railroad went to Long Island City and Flatbush Terminal (now Atlantic Terminal). When it opened in the 1880s, this connection stimulated population growth on the Rockaway Peninsula.<ref name="Citycyclopedia">Template:Cite encnyc, p. 120.</ref> Benjamin Mott gave the LIRR Template:Convert of land for a railroad depot. Land values increased and businesses in the area grew, and by 1888, Far Rockaway was a relatively large village.<ref name="rockawave"/> It incorporated as a village on September 19 of that year.<ref>Documents of the Senate of the State of New York, Volume 8, p. 9. New Jersey Legislature, 1913. Accessed July 26, 2016.</ref>

20th century to present

Template:Expand section In 1898, the area was incorporated into the City of Greater New York and became part of Queens. The former Village Hall then served as a police precinct and magistrate's court until 1931. It was subsequently demolished to become a parking lot for FDNY Engine Companies 264 & 328 / Ladder Company 134.<ref>Kadinsky, Sergey Far Rockaway Village Forgotten NY October 8, 2023</ref> The neighborhoods of Far Rockaway, Hammels, and Arverne in Queens tried to secede from the city several times. In 1915 and 1917, a bill approving secession passed in the legislature but was vetoed by the New York City mayor John Purroy Mitchel.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The area saw economic decline in World War I and again during the Great Depression. New apartment complexes were built in the neighborhood following World War II, but the construction of public housing and medical institutions again caused the reputation of Far Rockaway to decline in the 1960s.<ref name="Rather 1987 l074">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In September 2017, the New York City Council voted to rezone 23 blocks in the center of Far Rockaway,<ref name="Warerkar 2017 d205">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Jordan 2017 t762">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> after the New York City Planning Commission approved the rezoning.<ref name="Savitch-Lew. 2017 c764">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The rezoning would allow as many as 3,100 residences to be built in the neighborhood, as well as community spaces and retail.<ref name="Jordan 2017 t762"/> Following the rezoning, city officials approved 670 affordable apartments within the area in 2018.<ref name="Kully 2018 v725">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Demographics

File:NYC White Castle Rockaway.jpg
In 2005

Based on data from the 2010 United States census, the population of Far Rockaway was 50,058, a change of 1,714 (3.4%) from the 48,344 counted in 2000. Covering an area of Template:Convert, the neighborhood had a population density of Template:Convert.<ref name="PLP5">Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010 Template:Webarchive, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.</ref>

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 25.5% (12,778) White, 44.7% (22,400) African American, 0.3% (175) Native American, 1.9% (931) Asian, 0.1% (44) Pacific Islander, 1% (504) from other races, and 1.7% (860) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 24.7% (12,366) of the population.<ref name="PLP3A">Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010 Template:Webarchive, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.</ref>

Far Rockaway is a diverse neighborhood<ref name=FaRockDivers.NYT96>Template:Cite news</ref> with many immigrants from Jamaica, Guyana, and Guatemala, as well as Russia and Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It also is home to a significant number of Orthodox Jews.

Points of interest

Bungalows

File:48th street rockaway.jpg
Looking east from Beach 48th Street at location of former bungalows cleared for a development project

The Far Rockaway Beach Bungalow Historic District recognizes an area with a distinct character. This and individual properties, such as the Russell Sage Memorial Church, Trinity Chapel, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.<ref name="nris">Template:NRISref</ref>

With its nearby beach, Far Rockaway attracted tourists and vacationers from the other boroughs. Bungalows were the homes of choice for many residents who lived in Far Rockaway. The railroad abandoned the Rockaway Beach Branch in 1950 because of the shift of many people to driving private cars. In addition, this destination had to compete with the many others that people were visiting by car and air travel, which created access to even more distant destinations and heightened competition for travel dollars.

As the neighborhood's heyday as a resort community declined in the 1950s, the city built substantial numbers of public housing developments to try to replace substandard housing after World War II. Bungalows and other residential housing were converted to year-round use for low-income residents. Some bungalows were used as public housing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The 1970s New York City budget crisis had a negative effect on the provision of social services, and problems of poverty, unemployment and drug use increased in this area.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In September 1984, residents founded the Beachside Bungalow Preservation Association to "improve the quality of the Far Rockaway community through preservation, education, and cultural programs".<ref name="Autz2013">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The organization donated a collection of materials highlighting its history, correspondence, and activities to the Queens Library Archives in 2008.

Parks

Police and crime

Far Rockaway is patrolled by the NYPD's 101st Precinct, located at 16-12 Mott Avenue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The 101st Precinct and the adjoining 100th Precinct, which serves the rest of the Rockaways, collectively ranked 10th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. However, the low-income and densely populated 101st Precinct has significantly more crime than the 100th Precinct, which is high-income and more insular.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The 101st Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 74.6% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 6 murders, 26 rapes, 151 robberies, 301 felony assaults, 98 burglaries, 250 grand larcenies, and 31 grand larcenies auto in 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Fire safety

Far Rockaway is served by the New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Cos. 264 and 328/Ladder Co. 134, located at 16-15 Central Avenue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite FDNY locations</ref>

Post office and ZIP Code

Far Rockaway is covered by ZIP Code 11691.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The United States Post Office operates the Far Rockaway Station at 18-36 Mott Avenue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Education

Schools

Public schools

The neighborhood, like all of New York City, is served by the New York City Department of Education. Far Rockaway residents are zoned to several different elementary schools:

  • P.S. 43<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • P.S. 104 (The Bayswater School) (Kindergarten–6th grade)<ref name="Darchei_Site.NYT2008">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • P.S. 105 (The Bay School)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • P.S. 106<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • P.S. 197 (The Ocean School)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • P.S. 215 (W.A.V.E Prep)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • P.S. 253<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Far Rockaway residents are zoned to M.S. 53 Brian Piccolo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

All New York City residents who wish to attend a public high school must apply to high schools. Far Rockaway High School was located in Far Rockaway,<ref name=Darchei_Site.NYT2008/> but was shut down in 2011 as a stand-alone institution. During the administration of Mayor Michael Bloomberg in 2011, many large, underperforming, older traditional high schools were closed in the city. The 1929 building was renovated to operate as the Far Rockaway Educational Campus, home to a number of smaller, specialized academies that share the building. They can provide more individualized attention to their students. The former Beach Channel High School was similarly closed in 2014 and repurposed to house several smaller, specialized academies; it is in Rockaway Park, near Far Rockaway, and draws some of its students from Far Rockaway.

Library

Queens Public Library operates the Far Rockaway branch at 1637 Central Avenue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The library replaced another one that was also located on Central Avenue. In 2013, New York magazine reported that the city planned to construct a public library in the neighborhood, to be designed by the internationally known architectural firm Snøhetta.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Construction started in November 2018,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the new library opened in July 2024 at a cost of $39 million.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Marshall d397">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The current building is Template:Convert across two stories, with a glass facade and a blue roof that collects rainwater;<ref name="Marshall d397" /> the color of the facade is an allusion to the color of the ocean.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The building's facade includes the artwork Style Writing by José Parlá, while the second floor has the artwork Feynman Code by Pablo Helguera.<ref name="Schillaci u407">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Jewish institutions

During the early and mid-20th century, many Jewish immigrants and their working-class descendants settled in Far Rockaway, sometimes first as summer visitors. They founded numerous synagogues and private schools, including those devoted to all-boys or all-girls institutions for educating Orthodox children. Following World War II, as residential housing was developed in Nassau and later Suffolk counties, many Jewish families left the Rockaways for newer housing. According to The New York Times, Far Rockaway had "flourished in the 1940s but withered...1960s" until "a few Jewish families...started the Hebrew Free Loan Society for new home buyers."<ref name=FaRock.NYT1996>Template:Cite news</ref>

Synagogues include Congregation Kneseth Israel in Far Rockaway (The White Shul), which was founded in 1922. Schools include Sh'or Yoshuv Institute of Jewish Studies/Sh'or Yoshuv Yeshiva, Yeshiva Darchei Torah and the Yeshiva of Far Rockaway.

Other synagogues (past and present): Template:Columns-list

Other schools (past and present): Template:Columns-list

Transportation

File:Far Rockaway viaduct jeh.JPG
Elevated subway viaduct

Far Rockaway is served by the following transportation services:

Notable people

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  • Nancy Lieberman (born 1958), women's basketball pioneer; grew up in Far Rockaway<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Steve Madden (born 1958), shoe designer and former CEO of Steve Madden Ltd; born in Far Rockaway<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • Cliff Mass (born 1952/53), atmospheric sciences professor and weather and climate blogger; born in Far Rockaway<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • Alice Nielsen (1872–1943), Broadway performer and operatic soprano; owned a house in Far Rockaway in the 1920s<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Raymond Smullyan (1919–2017), mathematician; grew up in Far Rockaway<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Notes

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References

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