Farooq Leghari

Farooq Ahmad Khan LeghariTemplate:Efn (29 May 1940Template:Spnd20 October 2010) was a Pakistani politician who served as the eighth president of Pakistan from 1993 until his resignation in 1997. He, prior to his presidency, also served as the minister of foreign affairs in 1993; the minister for water and power from 1988 to 1990; and a senator from 1975 to 1977. He was the first ethnic Baloch to be elected president.

Born into a Baloch tribal and influential feudal family, Leghari was educated at Aitchison College, the Forman Christian College in Pakistan, and St Catherine's College, Oxford in United Kingdom. Upon return from the UK, he sat for the Civil Services Exam in 1964 and started his career as a civil servant, remained commissioner sargodha division, prior to getting in to politics in 1973 and tenured as Senator representing the Punjab on the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) platform from 1975 to 1977. He contested the 1977 he won the National Assembly Elections on Pakistan People's Party ticket and was appointed Minister for Industries. In 1980s, he led demonstrations aimed against President Zia-ul-Haq's administration and successfully ran in general elections held in 1988. From 1990 to 1993, he worked under Benazir Bhutto as her deputy Leader of the Opposition and participated in the 1993 Pakistani general elections.

His credentials and reputation eventually led him to secure a nomination for the presidency by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and was elected as President in 1993. However, he began receiving criticism over the controversial appointments of Senior Justices of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and was implicated in Mehran Bank scandal. Differences began to emerge with Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto on policy issues in 1995 and he surprisingly dismissed his leader's government in 1996. His political ambitions later clashed with Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and his intervention to retain Justice Sajjad Ali Shah as Chief Justice finally led to his resignation in 1997. He remained active in politics starting his own Political Party "Millat Party" which was party of the "National Alliance" in the 2002 General Elections, the party merged into the PML(Q) in 2004. He returned to the National Assembly in 2008 Elections. Leghari died from a long-term heart illness at the Combined Military Hospital in Rawalpindi on 20 October 2010.

Biography

Farooq Leghari was born on 2 May 1940 in Choti Zareen, a village located in Dera Ghazi Khan District, Punjab, British India.<ref name="Partridge Publishing">Template:Cite book</ref> The prefix Sardar, a title of nobility, added before his name that indicated the Tumandar (Chief) of his Leghari Tribe.Template:Rp<ref name="Partridge Publishing"/> Leghari's family was a Baloch of Punjab and known for its wealth. Many of its members served as hereditary chiefs, and the family has remained active in politics since the British Raj. His mother was a Pashtun from Mardan district; one of his sisters married the son of the Nawab of Kalabagh. Leghari was 185 cm tall.<ref name="BBC Pakistan Bureau">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Story of Pakistan">Template:Cite web</ref> His father, Nawabzada Muhammad Khan Leghari and his grandfather Khan Bahadur Nawab Sir Muhammad Jamal Khan Leghari were progressive leaders who modernised their tribe. His father took prominent part in the Pakistan Movement and was confined as a political prisoner in 1946. After the partition of India, his father served as minister in the provincial government of Punjab from 1949 until 1955.<ref name="The National Pakistan">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Pakistan Herald">Template:Cite web</ref>

Farooq Leghari was initially schooled at the famed Aitchison College in Lahore where he was the "College Prefect" and "Head Boy" and graduated at top of his class winning the coveted "Rivaz Gold Medal" for the "Best Graduating Student" in 1957.<ref name="The National Pakistan"/> He went onto attend the Forman Christian College University where he gained BA with Honours in Economics in 1960.<ref name="Tribune Express, Pakistan">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Sardar Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari, Former President of Pakistan Ex-MNA fron NA-172 D.G.Khan-II">Template:Cite web</ref> He went to United Kingdom to attend the St Catherine's College, Oxford where he received master's degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE).<ref name="Sardar Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari, Former President of Pakistan Ex-MNA fron NA-172 D.G.Khan-II"/>

Leghari was an avid and competitive sportsman and played tennis, captaining the Aitchison College Tennis team and became a regular on the polo field.<ref name="The National Pakistan"/> In 1974, he represented Pakistan as shooter in 7th Asian Games held in Tehran, Iran.<ref name="The National Pakistan"/> Farooq Leghari was the major landowner in the country and owned approximately Template:Convert of land.<ref name="The National Pakistan"/> After the death of Farooq Khan Leghari, his son Jamal Khan Leghari became the 23rd Chief of Leghari tribe.<ref name="The National Pakistan"/>

Civil service and politics

Upon returning to Pakistan after completing education in UK, he joined the Central Superior Services (CSS) in 1964 and worked as civil servant in East Pakistan.<ref name="Story of Pakistan" /><ref name="Tribune Express, Pakistan"/> In 1973, he resigned from the civil service and joined the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) on the invitation of Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.<ref name="Story of Pakistan" /> In 1975, he was elected as Senator for Punjab and participated in general elections held in 1977 from the DG Khan constituency.<ref name="Dawn Editorial">Template:Cite news</ref> He served as Minister of Defence Production and was appointed Secretary-General of the PPP in 1978.<ref name="Story of Pakistan" />

In 1980s, he became known as a leading figure of presiding mass demonstrations against President Zia-ul-Haq's administration and was imprisoned several times by Police.<ref name="Dawn Editorial"/> Leghari participated in general elections held in 1988 from DG Khan's constituency.<ref name="Tribune Express, Pakistan"/> He was appointed Minister for Water and Power under Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.<ref name="Tribune Express, Pakistan"/> After President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed the Benazir Bhutto government, Leghari successfully defended his constituency in general elections held in 1990.<ref name="Tribune Express, Pakistan"/> He served as Deputy Leader of the Opposition under Benazir Bhutto, against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.<ref name="Tribune Express, Pakistan"/>

In 1993, he witnessed the resignations of President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, and joined the caretaker cabinet of caretaker Prime Minister Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi as Finance Minister.<ref name="Sethi">Template:Cite news</ref> During this period, he presided over the 21st Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers held in Karachi from 25 to 29 April 1993.<ref name="Sethi"/> He successfully participated in general elections held in 1993 and retained his seat in the National Assembly and was the only PPP MNA from Dera Ghazi Khan.<ref name="Tribune Express, Pakistan"/>

Leghari was appointed Foreign Minister by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto on 13 November 1993 but soon won the nomination for the presidency.<ref name="University Press of America">Template:Cite book</ref>

President of Pakistan

His credentials and "clean reputation" as opposed to politicians accused of mass corruption and white collar crimes won him the support from Prime Minister Bhutto and Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).<ref name="Story of Pakistan, Presidency elections">Template:Cite web</ref> He accepted the nomination and ran in the presidential elections against Wasim Sajjad, the Acting President and PML(N) nominee by Nawaz Sharif.<ref name="Story of Pakistan, Presidency elections"/>

As a result of indirect voting, Leghari received 274 votes in his favour against 168 votes for Wasim Sajjad.<ref name="Story of Pakistan, Presidency elections"/> On 13 November 1993, Sardar Farooq Leghari was appointed the President of Pakistan for a term of five years.<ref name="Story of Pakistan, Presidency elections"/> He vowed to repeal the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan and expressed his support for Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. However, no bill was ever presented to repeal the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution.<ref name="Story of Pakistan, Presidency elections"/> The law and order situation in the country worsened, especially in Karachi where the police operation resulted in various and unaccountable deaths.<ref name="Rowman & Littlefield, Burki">Template:Cite book</ref>

In 1994–95, a major scandal was revealed by the sting operation led by the FIA that gained national attention.<ref name="Story of Pakistan, Presidency elections" /> Known as the Mehrangate, Leghari's and Bhutto's name was implicated in the corruption scandal in news media.<ref name="The Express Tribune, 2012">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Springer">Template:Cite book</ref> However, the PPP forcefully suppressed the FIA's investigations and judicial inquires as well as media coverage.<ref name="Springer"/> Leghari supported the Bhutto administration's internal and foreign policies and staunchly backed Prime Minister Bhutto's initiatives at the national level.<ref name="Story of Pakistan" /> Leghari met with Indian Prime Minister Narasimha Rao and Queen Elizabeth when she paid a state visit to Pakistan during his tenure as president.<ref name="Story of Pakistan" />

His political relations with Benazir Bhutto drifted apart over on policy issues concerning the internal politics and judicial nominations for the Supreme Court of Pakistan in 1996.<ref name="Springer, Rizvi">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1993, Leghari confirmed the nomination of Justice Sajjad Ali Shah as Chief Justice of Pakistan who was known to be closer to the PPP's ideology.Template:Rp<ref name="Springer, Rizvi"/> In 1994, Prime Minister Bhutto nominated 20 senior judges for the appointment to the Supreme Court; of which, 13 had political relations with the PPP. Some of the nominated judges had not been practised judges and controversial reputations in the law circles.Template:Rp<ref name="Springer, Rizvi"/> The PPP government began pressuring Chief Justice Shah to dissuade him from taking up to appeals against the nominations. President Leghari backed Chief Justice Shah over the appointment and confirmations that created problems with the Prime Minister Bhutto who saw this as a conspiracy being hatch by the Chief Justice Shah.Template:Rp<ref name="Springer, Rizvi"/> Notoriety over the confirmations of additional judges in the High Courts further maligned Leghari's image as the appointments were seen as "inappropriate."<ref name="Story of Pakistan, Presidency elections" />

The situation with Prime Minister Bhutto further escalated when President Leghari raised issue of senior ministers' involvement in corruption and Asif Ali Zardari's appointment as Investment Minister. Leghari also suspected Benazir Bhutto and Asif Zardari involvement in controversial murder of Murtaza Bhutto that occurred in 1996, despite Prime Minister Bhutto hinted Leghari's involvement. Template:Rp<ref name="Springer, Rizvi"/> On October–November 1996, there were several meetings between President Leghari and Prime Minister Bhutto to resolve the issue but the two sides used the intelligence community against each other.Template:Rp<ref name="Springer, Rizvi"/> The economic recession further escalated the situation and President Leghari surprisingly dismissed the Benazir's administration using the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution on charges of corruption, economic recession, lawlessness and extra judicial killings.Template:Rp<ref name="Springer, Rizvi"/><ref>President Leghari's Order of 5 November 1996</ref>

Resignation and post-presidency

A caretaker set-up was formed under Acting Prime Minister Malik Meraj Khalid and general elections were held in 1997 that witnessed the return of Nawaz Sharif with a heavy mandate in all over the country. Prime Minister Sharif decisively removed the Eighth Amendment by approving the Thirteenth Amendment and oversaw its complete effect that ultimately made President Leghari as figurehead.<ref name="Westview Press">Template:Cite book</ref> Leghari sought the nomination for the second term but the chances of his re-election were diminished due to PPP's dilution in the Parliament.<ref name="Story of Pakistan" />

Problems between Chief Justice Shah and Prime Minister Sharif further escalated when Chief Justice Shah decided to listen to appeals against the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendment bills and the PML(N) partisan attacked the Shah's court in 1997.<ref name="Westview Press"/> President Leghari tried intervened in the matter in support of Chief Justice Shah but this only made it worse for Leghari when Prime Minister Sharif decided to bring the impeachment movement against President Leghari.Template:Rp<ref name="Routledge, Aziz"/> On 2 December 1997, President Leghari resigned from the presidency to avoid the possible impeachment which also resulted in the resignation of the Chief Justice Shah, also the same year.Template:Rp<ref name="Routledge, Aziz">Template:Cite book</ref>

His post-presidency marked with his active involvement in politics when he found the Millat Party which entered into a coalition of seven parties, known as the National Alliance, to participate in the general elections held in 2002.<ref name="Story of Pakistan" /> The National Alliance won enough seats in the National Assembly to form government as a coalition with the PML(Q) that was supported by President Pervez Musharraf.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2003">Template:Cite news</ref> In 2004, he left his own party and joined the PML(Q) and supported his son, Awais Leghari, becoming the cabinet member. His elder son, Jamal Leghari, was elected as member of Senate on PML(Q) platform.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2003"/>

In 2003, Leghari reportedly remarked that he had dismissed Prime Minister Bhutto after the rules of conducts were violated, while responding to the criticism by the PPP.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2003"/>

Family Political History/Legacy

Grandfather: Khan Bahadur Nawab Sir (Tumandar) Muhammad Jamal Khan Leghari

Punjab Legislative Council 1921,<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> 1923,<ref name="papmis.pitb.gov.pk">Template:Cite web</ref> 1927,<ref name="papmis.pitb.gov.pk" /> 1930 Punjab Legislative Assembly 1937 Minister Public Works,<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> 1946,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 1947<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> "The first sitting was held on 5 January 1948. Sir Robert Francis Mudie, Governor of West Punjab appointed Mr Muhammad Jamal Khan Leghari to perform the duties of Speaker till new Speaker was elected".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Punjab Legislative Assembly 1951,<ref name="ReferenceA">Template:Cite web</ref> First Sitting Presided by Sardar Jamal Muhammad Khan Leghari<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Father: Nawabzada Sardar Muhammad Khan Leghari, B.A.

Punjab Legislative Assembly 1951<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Minister Public Works, Buildings and Roads, Electricity and Transport, Irrigation, Revenue, Excise and Taxation, Resettlements and Colonies. Provincial Assembly of West Pakistan 1956

Uncle: Nawabzada Sardar Atta Muhammad Khan Leghari

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1972<ref name="ReferenceB">Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>

Uncle: Nawabzada Sardar Mahmood Khan Leghari

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1972<ref name="ReferenceB" />

Cousin: Sardar Muhammad Omer Khan Leghari

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1985 Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1988

Cousin: Sardar Jaffar Khan Leghari

District Council Chairman Rajanpur Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1985 Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1988 Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1993 National Assembly of Pakistan 1997 National Assembly of Pakistan 2002 National Assembly of Pakistan 2008 National Assembly of Pakistan 2013 National Assembly of Pakistan 2018

Cousin: Sardar Maqsood Ahmed Khan Leghari

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1977 Chairman District Council Dera Ghazi Khan National Assembly of Pakistan 1985, Minister for Overseas Pakistanis Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1985 Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1988 Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1990, Minister Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1993, Minister Irrigation Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1997 Zila Nazim Dera Ghazi Khan 2005

Cousin: Sardar Mansoor Ahmed Khan Leghari

Chairman District Council Dera Ghazi Khan Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1990 National Assembly of Pakistan 1993 Senate of Pakistan 1997-2000 Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1985

Son: Jamal Leghari

District Nazim Dera Ghazi Khan 2000 Senate of Pakistan 2016-20012 Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 2013

Son: Awais Leghari

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 1997 National Assembly of Pakistan 2002, Minister Information Technology and Telecommunication National Assembly of Pakistan 2010 National Assembly of Pakistan 2013, Minister Power Provincial Assembly of the Punjab 2018, (Deputy Leader of Opposition)

Death

Farooq Leghari briefly fought a heart illness since 2000s and initial reports claimed that he was ill for some time, owing to complications with his heart.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Farooq Leghari died on 20 October 2010 in Rawalpindi due to a heart related illness and he was undergoing surgery at the Combined Military Hospital in Rawalpindi at the time of his death.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Residents of Dera Ghazi Khan and political dignitaries attended his funeral services and he was laid to rest in Choti Zareen, DG Khan District, Punjab, Pakistan on 21 October 2010.<ref name="The Express Tribune, Tariq">Template:Cite news</ref>

Further reading

• Template:Cite magazine

See also

• 1993 in Pakistan
• Pakistan Peoples Party
• Parliamentary history of Pakistan

External links

• Former President Laghari Passes Away
• US Department of State----Pakistan Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1996 under Leghari/Benazir Government

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