Federal Highway (Australia)

Federal Highway is a highway in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. It forms part of a motorway-standard link between Sydney and Canberra, and is also the main thoroughfare between those cities.

The north-eastern end of Federal Highway is located at its junction with Hume Highway near the rural city of Goulburn. It runs Template:Convert southwest to Canberra, the national capital of Australia, where its southwestern end is located at the intersection of Northbourne Avenue and Barton Highway. Federal Highway passes the villages of Wollogorang, Template:NSWcity and Template:NSWcity, as well as skirting the western side of the endorheic basin containing Lake George.

Route

Federal Highway is a motorway-standard roadway linking from the interchange with Hume Highway at Template:NSWcity, southeast of Goulburn, to Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory. The roadway has a continuous Template:Convert speed limit within New South Wales northbound. A southbound section between the Great Dividing Range, south of Yarra, and Rowes Lagoon, north of Collector, is on an old and winding alignment and has a speed limit of Template:Convert, with many lower advisory speed signs. Within the Australian Capital Territory the posted speed limit is Template:Convert between the state border and Antill Street, Template:Convert between Antil Street and Flemington Road, and Template:Convert between Flemington Road and the end of the road at Barton Highway where the road runs parallel with the Canberra light rail route. The entire route is a dual carriageway with two lanes in each direction.

History

In New South Wales, the passing of the Main Roads Act of 1924<ref>State of New South Wales, An Act to provide for the better construction, maintenance, and financing of main roads; to provide for developmental roads; to constitute a Main Roads Board Template:Webarchive 10 November 1924</ref> through the Parliament of New South Wales provided for the declaration of Main Roads, roads partially funded by the State government through the Main Roads Board (MRB). The New South Wales section of Federal Highway was declared (as Main Road No. 3) on 8 August 1928, from its interchange with Hume Highway in Yarra, via Collector and Geary's Gap, to the interstate border;<ref name="nswgovgaz28" /> with the passing of the Main Roads (Amendment) Act of 1929<ref>State of New South Wales, An Act to amend the Main Roads Act, 1924-1927; to confer certain further powers upon the MRB; to amend the Local Government Act, 1919, and certain other Acts; to validate certain payments and other matters; and for purposes connected therewith. Template:Webarchive 8 April 1929</ref> to provide for additional declarations of State Highways and Trunk Roads, this was amended to State Highway 3 on 8 April 1929. Construction had already been completed and traffic was already using the portion of the highway within New South Wales by December 1930.<ref name="ct-dec30">Template:Cite news</ref>

In the Federal Capital Territory, the local Sydney-Canberra Road was officially declared part of Federal Highway in September 1928.<ref name="ct-sep28">Template:Cite news</ref> Surveying and levelling had finished and work had started in April 1929<ref name="ct-apr29fct">Template:Cite news</ref> to connect to the New South Wales portion of the road, with the contract awarded to John Fowler (Aust) Ltd, to construct a 6-mile section of highway from Canberra (today Lyneham) to the interstate boundary.<ref name="ct-apr29nsw">Template:Cite news</ref> Approaching completion by February 1930,<ref name="ct-feb30">Template:Cite news</ref> it was officially completed and opened on 25 February 1931.<ref name="open-act31">Template:Cite news</ref>

The passing of the Roads Act of 1993<ref>State of New South Wales, An Act to make provision with respect to the roads of New South Wales; to repeal the State Roads Act 1986, the Crown and Other Roads Act 1990 and certain other enactments; and for other purposes. Template:Webarchive 10 November 1924</ref> through the Parliament of New South Wales updated road classifications and the way they could be declared within New South Wales. Under this act, Federal Highway today retains its declaration as Highway 3, from Yarra to the interstate border with the ACT.<ref name="nswroadsched">Template:Cite web</ref>

Federal Highway was allocated National Route 23 across its entire length in 1955. The Whitlam government introduced the federal National Roads Act 1974,<ref name=NRA1974>Template:Cite Legislation AU</ref> where roads declared as a National Highway were still the responsibility of the states for road construction and maintenance, but were fully compensated by the Federal government for money spent on approved projects.<ref name=NRA1974 />Template:Rp As an important interstate link between the capitals of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, Federal Highway was declared a National Highway in 1974 and was consequently re-allocated National Highway 23.<ref name="Ozroads NH23 ACT">Template:Cite webTemplate:Self-published source</ref> With the conversion to the newer alphanumeric system in 2013, this was replaced with route M23 across the New South Wales' section,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and route A23 across the Australian Capital Territory's section; an eastern portion was upgraded to route M23 when Majura Parkway opened in 2016.<ref name="ACTMIS12">Template:Cite web</ref>

The final section of dual carriageway was completed in 2000.<ref>Canberra to Sydney four lane highway opens Australasian Transport News 13 September 2000</ref>

See also

• Highways in Australia
• List of highways in New South Wales