Flag of Sudan

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People with flags during the Sudanese Revolution (2018–19)

File:حب السودان.jpg

People with Sudanese flags drawn on their hands

The flag of Sudan ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) was adopted on 20 May 1970 and consists of a horizontal red-white-black tricolour with a green triangle at the hoist. The flag is based on the Arab Liberation Flag of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952.

Whereas there is no fixed order for the Pan-Arab Colours of black, white, red, and green, flags using the Arab Liberation Colours (a subset of the Pan-Arab Colours) maintain a horizontal triband of equal stripes of red, white, and black, with green being used to distinguish the different flags from each other by way of green stars, Arabic script, or, in the case of Sudan, the green triangle along the hoist. In the original Arab Liberation Flag, green was used in the form of the flag of the Kingdom of Egypt and Sudan emblazoned on the breast of the Eagle of Saladin in the middle stripe. For 13 years from Sudan's independence in 1956 to the 1969 military coup of Gaafar Nimeiry, Sudan used a tricolour flag of blue-yellow-green.

The flag was designed by Template:Interlanguage link, and was selected after a national competition.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Design

Symbolism

According to World Flags 101:

Red, white, black and green are called the pan-Arab colours and have been historically linked to the Arab people and Islamic religion for centuries. The colours stand for Arab unity and independence. The red stripe represents Sudan's struggle for independence and many other struggles, and the sacrifices of the country's martyrs. The white represents the people, light and optimism. It also represents the White Flag League which was a nationalist group that rose up against colonial rule in 1924. The black represents Sudan; in Arabic, 'Sudan,' means 'land of the black people.' It also represents the black flag of nationalists who fought colonial rule during the Mahdist Revolution, late in 19th century. Green represents Islam, agriculture and the prosperity of the land.<ref name="worldflags101">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Construction Sheet

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Colour scheme

{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Ambox }} }} The specified colours are as follows:

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CMYK	100-0-64-55	0-92-75-18	0-0-0-100	0-0-0-0
HEX	#007229	#D21034	#000000	#FFFFFF
RGB	0-114-41	210-16-52	0-0-0	255-255-255

Government and armed forces flags

Government flags

• 
  Flag of the President of the Sudan

Armed forces flags

• 
  Naval ensign
• 
  Air Force ensign

Historical flags

Flags of the Mahdists

In 1881, at the beginning of the Mahdist War, self-proclaimed Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad appointed Abdallahi ibn Muhammad as one of his four caliphs and handed him a black flag.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Abdallahi used his black flag to recruit Baggara Arabs and other tribes from the west. The other caliphs used different coloured flags.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The black horizontal stripe in the current Sudanese flag is a reference to this Mahdist-era black flag.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

• 
  Flag used during the Mahdist Revolt and in Mahdist Sudan (1881–1899)
• 
  Banner used by the Mahdist Army; captured at Omdurman in 1898.
• 
  The black standard was also used in Mahdist Sudan

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

Between 1899 and 1956, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was administered jointly as a condominium by Egypt and the United Kingdom. The condominium did not have its own flag; instead the flag of Egypt and the flag of the United Kingdom were always flown together, with the British flag taking precedence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

A flag did exist as a rank flag for the British Governor General of the Sudan. In common with the rank flags of governors and commissioners of other British overseas territories, it consisted of a Union Flag defaced with a white disk bearing the territory's badge or coat of arms, surrounded by a wreath of laurel. As no badge or coat of arms existed for Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, the disk instead contained the words "GOVERNOR GENERAL OF THE SUDAN".

At the Afro–Asian Conference held between 18 and 24 April 1955, Sudan was represented by a white flag bearing the name "SUDAN" in red capital letters.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• 
  Flags used in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1914–1922)
• 
  Flags used in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1922–1956)
• 
  Flag of the British Governor General
• 
  Flag of the Sudan Defence Force (1925–1956)
• 
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Republic of Sudan (1956–1969)

File:Sudan independence 2.png

Sudan's flag raised at independence ceremony by Prime Minister Isma'il Alazhari and opposition leader Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub on 1 January 1956

Upon the independence of Sudan from Anglo-Egyptian rule on 1 January 1956, Sudan adopted a blue-yellow-green tricolour as its national flag. This flag was designed by the poet Macki Sufi<ref name="arabi21">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and remained in use until 1970, when the current flag was adopted.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The colours of the flag represented the River Nile (blue), the Sahara (yellow) and farmlands (green). They were chosen as they were neutral between ethnic groups and political parties.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Use of this flag resurfaced during the 2018–19 Sudanese protests.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

• 
  Naval ensign (1956–1970)
• 
  Customs ensign (1956–1970)

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CMYK	91-59-0-31	0-3-100-0	100-0-56-42
HEX	#0F47AF	#FFF500	#00923F
RGB	15-71-175	255-245-0	0-146-63

Democratic Republic of Sudan (1969–1985)

Following a coup d'état in May 1969, the country was renamed the Democratic Republic of Sudan and a competition was held to design a new flag. The winning entry was designed by artist Abdel Rahman Ahmed Al-Jali based on pan-Arab colours and was adopted as the national flag in May 1970.<ref name="arabi21"/>

• 
  Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan (1969–1970)
• 
  Flag of the Democratic Republic of Sudan (1970–1985)
• 
  Standard of the president of the Democratic Republic of Sudan.

Former provincial flags

• 
  Kordofan

Sub-national flags

The sub-national flags usually consist of the state's emblem displayed on a white or coloured background.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some of the states of Sudan have adopted their own distinctive flags.

States

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  Blue Nile State
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• Khartoum State
  Khartoum State
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• Al Qadarif State<ref>Image fotw.info Template:Webarchive</ref>
  Al Qadarif State<ref>Image fotw.info Template:Webarchive</ref>

Administrative areas

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See also

• List of Sudanese flags
• Emblem of Sudan
• Flag of South Sudan
• Flag of Egypt
• Flag of Iraq
• Flag of Yemen

External links

• Template:FOTW