Flatlands, Brooklyn
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}}Template:Main other{{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:ParameterCount|main|mapframe|image_map|image_map1|pushpin_map}} >2 |Template:Main other}} Template:New Netherland
Flatlands is a neighborhood in the southeast part of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. The current neighborhood borders are roughly defined by the Bay Ridge Branch to the north, Avenue U to the south, Ralph Avenue to the east, and Flatbush Avenue to the southwest.
Originally an independent town,<ref name="1832-1909">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Flatlands became part of the City of Brooklyn in 1896.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite brooklyn, p.79</ref>
Flatlands is part of Brooklyn Community District 18, and its primary ZIP Code is 11234.<ref name="NYCPlanning"/> It is patrolled by the 63rd Precinct of the New York City Police Department.<ref name="NYPD 63rd Precinct"/> Politically it is represented by the New York City Council's 45th and 46th Districts.<ref>Current City Council Districts for Kings County Template:Webarchive, New York City. Accessed May 5, 2017.</ref>
History
Flatlands was originally known as Nieuw Amersfoort, after the Dutch city of Amersfoort, and was established as a farming community in 1636 when Wolfert Gerritse Van Couwenhoven and Andries Hudde purchased 15,000 acres of land centered on what is now the intersection of Kings Highway and Flatbush Avenue.<ref name="1832-1909"/>
The land was ostensibly purchased from the Native Lenape people, who had lived near the fishing rich waters of Jamaica Bay for a thousand years. However, it is unlikely that the Lenape leaders, who did not practice the concept of land ownership, understood the agreement to which they were being conjoined. Rather, leaders such as Sachem Penhawitz more probably believed they were negotiating a treaty regarding the usage of the land. Wealthy Dutch land owners disagreed and within two generations, the once-powerful Canarsee tribe of the Lenape was brought to near extinction by bloody conflict with Europeans and other tribes, as well as the ravages of disease.
Flatlands was given the right to local rule in 1661 by Peter Stuyvesant as one of the five Dutch Towns on Long Island.
The town's growth and development came late, largely due to the lack of a transit system or set of roads connecting it with other parts of Brooklyn. Flatlands was annexed by the city of Brooklyn in 1896. At the time, it contained numerous small islands on Jamaica Bay, including Mill Island, Bergen Island, and Barren Island.<ref name=":0" />
Land use
Crops typically grown in the area were beans, corn, marsh hay, squash, potato bean and tobacco. Oysters and clams were also farmed and harvested from Jamaica Bay, surrounding marshes and basins. The land-controlling families of Nieuw Amersfoort also kept black slaves to work their farms until the state declared emancipation of all slaves in 1827, after which black laborers took up farming jobs, many times on the farms they worked on as slaves.<ref name="brooklynonline.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Historic buildings
Historic homes dated to the 18th century include the Stoothoff-Baxter-Kouwenhaven House and Joost Van Nuyse House.<ref name="nris">Template:NRISref</ref>
Other historic structures are the Hendrick I. Lott House (East 36th Street between Fillmore Ave and Ave. S, built around 1720), which was a stop on the Underground RailroadTemplate:Citation needed, and the Flatlands Dutch Reformed Church, founded by Pieter Clausen Wycoff.
Demographics
Based on data from the 2010 United States census, the population of Flatlands was 64,762, a decrease of 1,964 (2.9%) from the 66,726 counted in 2000. Covering an area of Template:Convert, the neighborhood had a population density of Template:Convert.<ref name=PLP5>Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010 Template:Webarchive, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 14, 2016.</ref>
The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 18.2% (11,793) White, 66.3% (42,935) African American, 0.2% (158) Native American, 4.0% (2,577) Asian, 0.0% (16) Pacific Islander, 0.5% (334) from other races, and 1.8% (1,196) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.9% (5,753) of the population.<ref name=PLP3A>Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010 Template:Webarchive, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.</ref>
The entirety of Community District 18, which comprises Canarsie and Flatlands, had 165,543 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 82.0 years.<ref name="CHP2018">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp This is slightly higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.<ref name=":21">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 25% are between the ages of 0 and 17, 29% between 25 and 44, and 24% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 9% and 13% respectively.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp
As of 2016, the median household income in Community District 18 was $76,647.<ref name="CB18PUMA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2018, an estimated 15% of Community District 18 residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in eleven residents (9%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in the rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 50% in Community District 18, lower than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, Template:As of, Community District 18 is considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp
The 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning showed that there were 40,000+ Black residents, the White and Hispanic populations were each between 5,000 and 9,999 residents, and the Asian residents were less than 5000.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Shopping district
The main shopping streets in Flatlands are Utica Avenue, Flatbush Avenue, Avenue N, and Ralph Avenue. Residents also commonly shop at the nearby indoor mall, Kings Plaza, located at the border of Flatlands, Marine Park and Mill Basin. The mall is located in Mill Basin, just south of the subsection within the neighborhood called, Old Mill Basin.
Police and crime
Flatlands is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 63rd Precinct. The precinct also covers Marine Park, Mill Basin, and Bergen Beach.<ref name="NYPD 63rd Precinct">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The 63rd Precinct ranked 31st safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:As of, with a non-fatal assault rate of 46 per 100,000 people, Community District 18's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 380 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp
The 63rd Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 82.7% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported 1 murder, 10 rapes, 114 robberies, 170 felony assaults, 119 burglaries, 537 grand larcenies, and 135 grand larcenies auto in 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Fire safety
The New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Co. 309/Ladder Co. 159 is located at 1851 East 48th Street.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite FDNY locations</ref>
Health
Preterm births are more common in Community District 18 than in other places citywide, though births to teenage mothers are less common. In Community District 18, there were 89 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 11.6 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp Community District 18 has a relatively low population of residents who are uninsured, or who receive healthcare through Medicaid.<ref>New York City Health Provider Partnership Brooklyn Community Needs Assessment: Final Report Template:Webarchive, New York Academy of Medicine (October 3, 2014).</ref> In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 21%, which is higher than the citywide rate of 12%.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp
The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Community District 18 is Template:Convert, lower than the citywide and boroughwide averages.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp Fifteen percent of Community District 18 residents are smokers, which is slightly higher than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp In Community District 18, 30% of residents are obese, 14% are diabetic, and 37% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp In addition, 21% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp
Eighty-one percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is lower than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 77% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", slightly less than the city's average of 78%.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp For every supermarket in Community District 18, there are 9 bodegas.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp
Post offices and ZIP Code
Flatlands is covered by ZIP Code 11234.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The United States Post Office's Canarsie Station is located at 10201 Flatlands Avenue,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> while the Ryder Station is located at 2222 Flatbush Avenue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Education
Community District 22 generally has a similar ratio of college-educated residents to the rest of the city Template:As of. Though 40% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 13% have less than a high school education and 48% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 40% of Brooklynites and 38% of city residents have a college education or higher.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp
Community District 22's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is slightly lower than the rest of New York City.<ref name=":20">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp
Schools
Flatlands contains the following public elementary schools that serve grades PK-5 unless otherwise indicated:<ref name="Zillow">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- PS 119 Amersfort<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- PS 203 Floyd Bennett<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- PS 251 Paerdegat<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- PS 326 (grades PK-2)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The following schools are located nearby:<ref name="Zillow"/>
- PS 207 Elizabeth G Leary (grades PK-8), in Marine Park<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- PS 222 Katherine R Snyder (grades PK-5), in Marine Park<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- PS 236 Mill Basin (grades PK-5), in Mill Basin<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- PS 312 Bergen Beach (grades PK-5), in Bergen Beach<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- JHS 78 Roy H Mann (grades 6–8), in Bergen Beach<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- South Shore High School Education Complex
- S.J. Tilden High School Education Campus
- Brooklyn Theatre Arts High School (grades 9–12), in Canarsie
Libraries
The Brooklyn Public Library (BPL) has two branches in Flatlands. The Flatlands branch is located at 2065 Flatbush Avenue near Avenue P. It was opened in a former Prudential Savings Bank branch in 1949, and moved to its current Template:Convert space in 1955.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The Paerdegat branch is located at 850 East 59th Street near Paerdegat Avenue South. It opened in 1950 and moved to its current building in 1959.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Transportation
No New York City Subway service runs into Flatlands. Many residents live within walking distance of the IRT Nostrand Avenue Line (Template:NYCS trains), however, which terminates at the junction of Flatbush and Nostrand Avenues; others use buses to get to the BMT Brighton Line (Template:NYCS trains) or the BMT Canarsie Line (Template:NYCS trains). Local and express buses are also used as a means of travel in and around the area. Template:As of, the buses that serve Flatlands are the Template:NYC bus link.<ref>Template:Cite NYC bus map</ref>
Notable residents
- Neil Bogart (1943–1982), founder of Casablanca Records, was raised in the Glenwood Houses project in Flatlands<ref>Contrera, Al. Hushabye: The Mystics, the Music, and the Mob Template:Webarchive, p. 263. Balboa Press, 2018. Template:ISBN. Accessed August 13, 2019. "Bogart (Neil Scott Bogatz) was born in the same neighborhood as Joe, Bruce and Eddie, and there was this connection that occurs whenever you meet a fellow Brooklynite. He grew up in the Glenwood housing projects in the Flatlands section of Brooklyn, the same area as Joe, Eddie and Bruce."</ref>
- Roy DeMeo (1942–1983), Gambino crime family member<ref>Kennedy, David. The Men of Honor, p. 143. Accessed August 13, 2019. Diamondback Publishers International, 2018. Template:ISBN. "But the Brooklyn faction had a crew that was even more violent, some were certifiable psychopaths, led by capo Roy DeMeo. Working out of the Flatlands section of Brooklyn, DeMeo, who was a trained butcher by trade, had taught his young proteges how to kill cleanly and efficiently."</ref>
- Leonard DiMaria (born 1941), mobster and Caporegime in the Gambino crime family<ref>Raab, Selwyn. "Reputed New Gambino Boss Is Arrested" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, December 19, 1996. Accessed August 13, 2019. "Another major defendant in the case is Leonard DiMaria, 55, who officials say is Mr. Corozzo's right-hand capo who recently took command of Mr. Corozzo's old Brooklyn crew. Mr. DiMaria was arrested by the F.B.I. at his home in Flatlands, Brooklyn."</ref>
- Abner Louima (born 1966), Haitian immigrant and father, brutally assaulted by NYPD
- Chris Mullin (born 1963), former NBA basketball player, was born and raised in Flatlands.<ref>Anderson, Dave. "Sports Of The Times; The Mullins Live A Family Fantasy" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, March 16, 1985. Accessed August 13, 2019. "It's known as basketball, but it's really rimball. That's what the players shoot at - a rim, not a basket. Chris Mullin learned to shoot by aiming at the rim on the garage in the driveway of his Brooklyn home.... A rim is a rim is a rim - 18 inches in diameter. But the battered old rim on the Mullin garage is now a shrine in the Flatlands neighborhood."</ref>
- Steven Van Voorhees (1600–1684), magistrate, first Voorhees in America
- Wolfert Gerritse Van Couwenhoven (1579–1662), New Netherland colonist and the original patentee.
References
Notes Template:Reflist
Further reading
- New York Times article on Flatlands
- History of Flatlands including early Dutch settlers Template:Webarchive
- Manbeck, John B. and Jackson, Kenneth T. The Neighborhoods of Brooklyn. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004. Template:ISBN
- Template:Cite nycland