Frank Leslie
Template:Short description Template:Other people Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox person Frank Leslie (March 29, 1821 – January 10, 1880) was an English-born American engraver, illustrator, and publisher of family periodicals.
Biography
Early life and career
Leslie was born on March 29, 1821,<ref>Nelson, Randy F. The Almanac of American Letters. Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc., 1981: 40. Template:ISBN</ref> in Ipswich, England as Henry Carter, the son of Joseph Carter, the proprietor of a long-standing and prosperous glove manufacturing firm. He was educated in Ipswich, and he then trained for commerce in London. As a boy, on his way to and from school, he passed a silversmith's shop whose workers he took a detailed interest in, especially those who engraved designs and letters upon various articles of silver and gold. He took note of the tools that were used and the manner of using them, and acquired the necessary tools to do the work himself.<ref name="FLIN obit">Obituary in Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, January 24, 1880.</ref> At the age of 13, he did his first wood engraving of the coat of arms of his hometown.<ref name=dab>Template:Cite DAB</ref>
At 17, he was sent to London to learn more about the glove-making business in the extensive dry goods establishment of his uncle, but every moment that could be snatched from the "dreary drudgery of the desk's dead wood" was surreptitiously devoted to sketching, drawing or engraving. His father, uncle and relatives so discouraged his artistic aspirations that he was constrained to keep his work a secret from them. He contributed sketches to the Illustrated London News, signing them as Frank Leslie to ensure his anonymity. These were so cordially welcomed that he eventually gave up commerce and was made superintendent of engraving at the Illustrated London News.<ref name="dab"/> He made himself an expert and inventor in his new work. It was here that he learned the operation known as overlaying – the system of regulating light and shade effects – in pictorial printing, a system which he was the first to introduce to the United States.<ref name="FLIN obit"/>
He was first married in England, and had three sons with his first wife: Harry, Alfred and Scipio.<ref name="dab"/> In 1857, he legally changed his name to Frank Leslie.<ref name=dab/> He and his wife separated in 1860.<ref name="FLIN obit"/>
United States
In 1848, he came to the United States.<ref name="FLIN obit"/> In 1852, he worked for Gleason's Pictorial in Boston, Massachusetts. He discovered he could accelerate the engraving process significantly by dividing a drawing into many small blocks and distributing the work among many engravers. A job on a large-format wood engraving, which might have taken a month for a single wood engraver to complete, could be completed in a day by 30 engravers.<ref name=dab/>
In 1853,<ref name=dab/> he arrived in New York City to engrave woodcuts for P. T. Barnum's short-lived Illustrated News. After its failure, he began publishing the first of his many illustrated journalistic ventures, Frank Leslie's Ladies' Gazette of Fashion and Fancy Needlework, with good woodcuts by Leslie & Hooper, a partnership which dissolved in 1854.<ref>A History of American Magazines, Volume II, 1850–1865 by Frank Luther Mott</ref> The New York Journal soon followed, with Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper (1855) (called Leslie's Weekly), The Boy's and Girl's Weekly, The Budget of Fun, and many others. Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, which included news as well as fiction, survived until 1922.<ref>Nelson, Randy F. The Almanac of American Letters. Los Altos, California: William Kaufmann, Inc., 1981: 66. Template:ISBN</ref>
Illustrations made by Leslie and his artists on the battlefield during the American Civil War are well regarded for their historical value. He was commissioner to the Paris Exhibition of 1867 and received a prize there for his artistic services.
Second wife
Leslie met his second wife, then named Miriam Folline Squier, when her husband, Ephraim Squier, the editor of Leslie's Lady's Magazine, fell ill. Miriam volunteered to fill in for Ephraim, with Ephraim still receiving the salary. Ultimately, Miriam took on the position permanently; in 1873, she and Ephraim divorced, and shortly thereafter, about 1874, she and Leslie were married.<ref>Template:Cite DAB</ref> It was his second marriage, and her third. Their summer home, Interlaken, was in Saratoga Springs, New York, where they entertained many notables.<ref name=WOTC>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1877, they undertook a lavish train trip from New York to San Francisco, California, in the company of many friends. Miriam Leslie wrote her book From Gotham to the Golden Gate telling the story of this trip.<ref>Mrs. Frank Leslie: California: a pleasure trip from Gotham to the Golden Gate, April, May, June, 1877 Publisher: G. W. Carleton & Co. New York 1877</ref> The expense of this trip and a business depression left Leslie's business badly in debt.<ref name=dab/>
Frank Leslie accepted his last illustration (by Georgina A. Davis) in January 1880<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and died the same month, the debts amounted to $300,000, and his will was contested. Miriam Leslie took the business in hand and put it on a paying basis, even going so far as to have her name legally changed to Frank Leslie in June 1881.<ref name="WOTC"/> She was a notable feminist and author in her own right. Both his and her remains are interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York City.
See also
Works
- Die Weltausstellung in Philadelphia 1876. Leslie, New York 1876 digital
Notes
References
- Template:NIE
- Mrs. Frank Leslie, page 459 in: A woman of the century; fourteen hundred-seventy biographical sketches accompanied by portraits of leading American women in all walks of life. Editors: Frances Elizabeth Willard, Mary Ashton Rice Livermore Publisher: Moulton, Buffalo, N.Y., 1893
External links
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- Houghton Mifflin College
- The Magazine Data File has info on many Frank Leslie publications
- Template:Internet Archive author
| File:Atlantic cable Map.jpg |
| Frank Leslie's diagram of a transatlantic cable (1858) |
- Pages with broken file links
- Pages using Wikisource with unknown parameters
- Artists from Ipswich
- People of the American Civil War
- 19th-century English engravers
- English wood engravers
- 19th-century American engravers
- American wood engravers
- English emigrants to the United States
- 19th-century American illustrators
- American magazine founders
- American magazine publishers (people)
- 1821 births
- 1880 deaths
- Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
- 19th-century American businesspeople