Frank Zamboni

Template:Short description Template:Infobox person Frank Joseph Zamboni Jr. (Template:IPAc-en, Template:IPA; January 16, 1901 – July 27, 1988) was an American businessman and inventor whose most famous invention is the modern ice resurfacer, with his surname being registered as a trademark for these devices.<ref name=niaf/><ref name=iitaly/><ref name="history"/>

Early life

Zamboni was born in 1901 in Eureka, Utah, to Italian immigrants. His parents soon bought a farm in Lava Hot Springs, Idaho near Pocatello, Idaho, where he grew up. In 1920, he moved with his parents to the harbor district of Los Angeles, where his older brother George was operating an auto repair shop. After Frank attended a trade school in Chicago, he and his younger brother Lawrence opened an electrical supply business in 1922 in the Los Angeles suburb of Hynes (now part of Paramount). The following year he married and eventually had three children, a son and two daughters.<ref name=lat880729/> In 1927, he and Lawrence added an ice-making plant and entered the block ice business.

Paramount Iceland

In 1939, seeing little future in the ice block business, the Zamboni brothers, along with a cousin, Pete Zamboni, used their excess refrigeration equipment to make an ice rink. Completed in January 1940, Iceland Skating Rink opened as one of the largest rinks in the country, with Template:Convert of ice.<ref name="zamboni">Template:Cite web</ref> Originally, the facility was an open-air rink, but, due to the warm and dry Southern California weather, a dome was added a few months later. The rink used a system of underfloor piping to flood the surface with a mixture of water and chemicals to produce the ice sheet. The pipes caused rippling, but Frank devised a way to eliminate the issue, making the rink very popular. A patent for his innovation was obtained in 1946.<ref name="LA Kings">Template:Cite web</ref>

The rink remained in the family until it was sold to the LA Kings, AEG, and American Sports Entertainment Company (ASEC) organizations in 2022. The rink has since been remodeled and rebranded as LA Kings Iceland.<ref name="LA Kings">Template:Cite web</ref>

Making the Ice Resurfacer

Frank Zamboni first started working on a mechanized way to resurface an ice rink once Iceland was opened in the early 1940s. By 1949, he had perfected his design and applied for a patent, which would be granted as U.S. Patent No. 2,642,679 titled “Ice Rink Resurfacing Machine” on June 23, 1953.<ref name="Gale">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="PQ">Template:Cite web</ref> The machine used a sharp-edged blade to shave the surface of the ice, collect the shavings, wash the ice, and spread a thin coat of fresh water onto the surface.<ref name="lat990614" /> The machine turned a five man, 90-minute job into a one man, 15-minute task.<ref name="lat880729" /> The initial machine included a hydraulic cylinder from an A-20 attack plane, a chassis from an oil derrick, a Jeep engine, a wooden bin to catch the shavings, and a series of pulleys.<ref name="lat990614" /><ref name="lat880616" /> His son, Richard, said, "It took him nine years. One of the reasons he stuck with it was that everyone told him he was crazy."<ref name="lat880616" /> Zamboni did not expect to make more but, after seeing the machine, Sonja Henie immediately ordered two, and then the Chicago Blackhawks placed an order.<ref name="lat880616" /><ref name="lat040921" />

In 1950, Frank Zamboni would establish the Frank J. Zamboni & Co. in Paramount to build and sell the machines. Constant improvements were made to the Ice Resurfacers. In the early 1950s, Zamboni built them on top of Jeep CJ-3Bs, then on stripped Jeep chassis from 1956 through 1964.<ref name="cj3b" />

Market and Popularity

Frank J. Zamboni & Company, established in Paramount, California, began manufacturing the Zamboni ice resurfacer and quickly became the leading producer in the field. By the late 1960s, the company had built its 1,000th machine, added a second plant in Brantford, Ontario, and expanded internationally by opening a marketing office in Switzerland. The machines, originally powered by Volkswagen Cabriolet engines, gained widespread recognition, including from notable customers like “Peanuts” creator Charles Schulz, who owned a personal ice rink.<ref name="Gale">Template:Cite web</ref> The Zamboni became a fixture at hockey games, often drawing positive attention from spectators.

The company remained under family ownership after Frank Zamboni’s death in 1988, with his descendants continuing operations at both the original Paramount site and a second facility in Brantford, Ontario. In addition to ice resurfacers, Zamboni held several patents, including one for a machine developed for Monsanto to remove moisture from artificial turf, remove paint stripes from the same surfaces, and roll up and lay down turf in domed stadiums. His final invention, in 1983, was an automatic edger to remove ice buildup from the edges of rinks. The company’s success and continued presence in the market reflect Zamboni’s long-lasting influence on ice sports infrastructure.<ref name="Gale">Template:Cite web</ref>

Though the term Zamboni was (and remains) trademarked by his company, the name is sometimes generically used for any brand of ice resurfacing machine.

Death and legacy

File:Surfaceuse.jpg

Zamboni's invention of the ice resurfacer; he created it in 1949.

Frank Zamboni died of cardiac arrest at Long Beach Memorial Hospital on July 27, 1988, at the age of 87,<ref name="lat880729" /> about two months after his wife's death. He also had lung cancer.<ref name="zamboni" /> The Zamboni company has sold more than 10,000 units of its signature machine, the Zamboni Ice Resurfacer, commonly known as a "Zamboni." The 10,000th machine was delivered to the Montreal Canadiens in April 2012 for use at the Bell Centre.<ref name="10000sold" /> The company is still owned and operated by the Zamboni family. His remains are buried at All Souls Cemetery in Long Beach.

Zamboni was inducted into the Ice Skating Institute's Hall of Fame in 1965, and he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Engineering from Clarkson University in 1988. Frank was posthumously inducted into the NEISMA Hall of Fame in 1988, the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 2000, the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 2006, the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2007, the U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame in 2009,<ref name=usat090728/> and into the United States Speed Skating Hall of Fame in 2013.<ref name=WFSHOF/>

The Frank J. Zamboni School, in Paramount, is named after him.<ref name=CSDFJZ/>

And yet, according to one recent report, Zamboni “didn’t even like to skate."<ref name="Smithsonian">Template:Cite web</ref>

Patents

File:Patent Case File No. 2,642,679, Ice Rink Resurfacing Machine, Inventor Frank J. Zamboni - NARA - 117724382 (page 87).jpg

Patent Case File No. 2,642,679

All patents are in the United States. Early patents:

• 1,655,034: "Adjustable Reaction Resistance (Electrical)", issued on Jan 3, 1928
• 1,710,149: "Reactance Coil (Electrical)", issued on Mar 11, 1930
• 1,804,852: "Circuit Controlling Reactance Coil (Electrical) Date Issued: May 12, 1931
• 2,411,919: "Ice Rink Floor", issued on Dec 3, 1946
• 2,594,603: "Refrigerated Liquid Storage Tank", issued on Apr 29, 1952
• 2,738,170: "Refrigerated Milk Storage Tank and Pasteurizer, issued on Mar 13, 1956

Ice resurfacers:

• 2,642,679: "Ice Resurfacer", issued on Jun 23, 1953
• 2,763,939: "Ice Resurfacer", issued on Sep 25, 1953
• 3,044,193: "Ice Resurfacer", issued on Jul 17, 1962
• 3,622,205: "Down Pressure", issued on Nov 23, 1971

Ice resurfacer-related products:

• 4,372,617: "Ice Edger", issued on Feb 8, 1983

Machine for Astro-Turf:

• 3,736,619: "Turf Water Remover", issued on Jun 5, 1973
• 3,835,500: "Turf Water Remover", issued on Sep 17, 1974
• 4,069,540: "Turf Paint Remover", issued on Jan 24, 1978
• 4,084,763: "Turf Handling Machine", issued on Apr 18, 1978

External links

• www.zamboni.com — Frank J. Zamboni & Co.