Franz Müntefering

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox officeholder Franz Müntefering (Template:IPA; born 16 January 1940) is a German politician. He was Chairman of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) from 2004 to 2005 and again from 18 October 2008 to 13 November 2009. He served as the minister of Labour and Social Affairs, as well as the vice chancellor of Germany, in the cabinet of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2005 to 2007.

Early life and education

Müntefering was born in Neheim (now part of Arnsberg). He trained as an industrial salesman and worked for local metalwork companies.<ref>Franz Müntefering Financial Times, 9 September 2008.</ref>

Political career

Müntefering joined the SPD in 1966. He was a member of the Bundestag from 1975 to 1992 and again since 1998.

From 1992 until 1995, Müntefering served as State Minister of Labor, Health and Social Affairs in the government of Minister-President Johannes Rau of North Rhine-Westphalia. He was a member of the State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia 1995 to 1998.

Müntefering was Bundesgeschäftsführer (executive director) of the national SPD from 1995 to 1998. In this capacity, he managed the 1998 campaign that returned the SPD to power in the federal government after 16 years in opposition.<ref name="wsj.com">William Boston (22 March 2002) Schroeder's Campaign Manager Testifies in SPD Finance Scandal Wall Street Journal.</ref>

From 1998 until 1999, Müntefering briefly held the post of Minister of Transportation and Construction in the first cabinet of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. In this capacity, he organized the government's move from Bonn to Berlin.<ref>Roger Cohen (24 August 1999) Schroder Moves, and So Does Germany's Center of Gravity New York Times.</ref>

Müntefering was the first to hold the new post of SPD Secretary General from 1999 to 2002, and thereafter became leader of the SPD parliamentary group in the Bundestag.

Chairman of the SPD, 2004–2005

In June 2004 Müntefering was designated to succeed Schröder as party chairman in July 2004.<ref>Udo Kempf/ Hans-Georg Merz (eds.): Kanzler und Minister 1998-2005. Biographisches Lexikon der deutschen Bundesregierungen. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2008, p. 243.</ref>

Following Schröder's defeat in the close 2005 elections, Müntefering helped form a grand coalition under the new Chancellor Angela Merkel and her center-right CDU/CSU parties.<ref>Nicholas Kulish and Judy Dempsey (14 November 2007) German Official Resigns in Blow to Coalition New York Times.</ref> During the coalition talks, on 31 October 2005, Müntefering's favoured candidate for Secretary General of the SPD, Kajo Wasserhövel, was defeated by the left-wing candidate Andrea Nahles in a preliminary internal election. Müntefering subsequently announced his intention to resign as SPD Chairman, and was succeeded by Matthias Platzeck at the next party convention on 15 November 2005.

Vice Chancellor and Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, 2005–2007

Müntefering became Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs and Vice Chancellor in the cabinet of Chancellor Angela Merkel on 22 November 2005. During his time in office, the government agreed to raise the retirement age in steps to 67 from 65 by 2029.

After two years in those posts, Müntefering's spokesman said on 13 November 2007 that Müntefering would resign from them later in the month. The decision was said to be based on "purely familial reasons".<ref>"German Labor Minister Müntefering to Resign", Deutsche Welle, 13 November 2007.</ref> Later in the day, Müntefering said that he would leave his positions in the government on 21 November attributing his decision to the illness of his wife, Ankepetra, who was suffering from cancer.<ref>Andreas Cremer and Brian Parkin, "Muentefering, Vice-Chancellor Under Merkel, Quits", Bloomberg.com, 13 November 2007.</ref> Upon leaving office on 21 November 2007, he was replaced as Vice Chancellor by Frank-Walter Steinmeier and as Minister of Labor by Olaf Scholz, both of whom are also members of the SPD.<ref>"Merkel defends record as Germany's tense governing coalition hits 2-year mark", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 21 November 2007.</ref>

Chairman of the SPD, 2008–2009

Müntefering's wife Ankepetra died on 31 July 2008. Following her death, Müntefering decided to return to active politics and was elected Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany on 18 October 2008.<ref name=Picked>Judy Dempsey, "German foreign minister picked to challenge Merkel", International Herald Tribune, 7 September 2008.</ref> On 7 September 2008, Kurt Beck had resigned as SPD Chairman.<ref name=Picked/><ref>"German SPD party reshuffles leadership, with eye on election", Xinhua, 7 September 2008.</ref>

Following the SPD's defeat in the federal election of 2009, Müntefering resigned from the position of party chairman of the Social Democratic Party.

Political positions

In 2004, Müntefering demanded that his party take a critical position towards certain practices of private equity firms. In a speech in November 2004, he first associated private financial investors with locusts:

This metaphor was repeated several times by both official pamphlets of the SPD and by German media, including by Müntefering himself in an April 2005 speech that criticized the market economy of Germany and proposed more state involvement to promote economic justice.

Originally, none of the companies were named specifically. Müntefering subsequently published a "locust list" of companies, which he circulated within the SPD.<ref>https://service.spiegel.de/cache/international/0,1518,354733,00.html Template:Dead link</ref> The online news magazine stern.de also published an article with a list of companies, namely Apax, BC Partners, Carlyle Group, Advent International, Permira, Blackstone Group, CVC Capital Partners, Saban Capital Group, KKR, WCM, and Goldman Sachs.<ref>stern.de: Die Namen der Heuschrecken. April 2005</ref> This began a debate which dominated the national news, being the subject of front-page articles and covered on the main television news broadcasts nearly every day. Müntefering's suggestions were criticized by employers and many economists, including former US Secretary of Treasury John W. Snow: "I do not think in these terms".<ref>netzzeitung: US-Finanzminister übt Kritik an "Heuschrecken"-Debatte, June 2005</ref> The stock exchange of Düsseldorf made Locust the "faux-pas word" of 2005.<ref>Düsseldorf Stock Exchange: Press Release, January, 2006</ref>

Müntefering's criticism met with popular support (up to 75% in some opinion polls), and "locust" has since found its way into the German language as an established term for shady financial business practices. The term has been popularized and is continually used in discussions critical to capitalism in Germany. While remaining a mostly German phenomenon, "locust" has also spread to English and American media, such as in the New York Times,<ref>New York Times: Germany's Blackstone Deal Swats Down 'Locust' Talk, April 2006</ref> the International Herald Tribune ,<ref>IHT: The buzz on German private equity, October 2006</ref> FT<ref>FT.com: "German deputy still targets 'locusts'", February, 2007</ref> and The Economist.<ref>The Economist: Dial L for locust, June 2007</ref>

Life after politics

Since leaving active politics, Müntefering has held a variety of honorary positions, including the following:

• German Foundation for Active Citizenship and Volunteering (DSEE), Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2020)<ref>Board of Trusteees German Foundation for Active Citizenship and Volunteering (DSEE).</ref>
• Berlin Demography Forum, chairman of the Advisory Board
• Friedrich Ebert Foundation (FES), Member<ref>Members Friedrich Ebert Foundation (FES).</ref>
• Witten/Herdecke University, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2014)<ref>Franz Müntefering neu im Kuratorium der Universität Witten/Herdecke Witten/Herdecke University, press release of 14 November 2014</ref>
• Herbert and Greta Wehner Foundation, Member of the Board (since 2002)
• Deutsche Hospiz- und PalliativStiftung, Member of the Board of Trustees<ref>Board of Trustees Deutsche Hospiz- und PalliativStiftung.</ref>
• German National Association of Senior Citizens' Organizations (BAGSO), chairman since 2015<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Müntefering was a SPD delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2017.<ref>Wahl der Mitglieder für die 16. Bundesversammlung Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia, decision of 14 December 2016.</ref>

Investigation into contracts for construction of waste-disposal facilities

In 2002, news surfaced that, while Müntefering was head of the SPD in the North Rhine-Westphalia during the 1990s, local officials in the city of Cologne and possibly elsewhere allegedly engaged in corruption that involved illegal political donations from builders of waste-disposal facilities. Müntefering denied any knowledge of the anonymous donations and launched an internal investigation into all contracts awarded for the construction of waste-disposal facilities in North Rhine-Westphalia in the 1990s. On 22 March, he testified about the affair before Parliament's investigative committee.<ref name="wsj.com"/>

External links

• Biography by German Bundestag