Freeport, Texas
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Freeport is a city in Brazoria County, Texas, United States, located on the Gulf of Mexico, founded in 1912. According to the 2020 census, the city population was 10,696,<ref name="Census 2010">Template:Cite web</ref> down from 12,049 in 2010, where Hispanic or Latino were 52% of the population.
Freeport's economic growth began in 1939 with the construction of Dow Chemical Company facilities, which remain its largest employer and are the largest integrated chemical manufacturing facility in the United States.
In 2002, Freeport LNG was founded; an LNG export terminal was developed in the early 2010s after the US shale gas revolution and came online in 2019. In June 2022 a pipeline rupture and explosion closed the terminal until February 2023.
History
Freeport was founded as a European-American settlement in November 1912 by the Freeport Sulphur Company.<ref name="Haynes">Template:Cite book</ref> The population was 300. However, by 1929, that population had grown to 3,500, and to 4,100 by 1939, influencing a steady increase of economic expansion in Freeport.<ref name="Handbook of Texas">Freeport, TX, Handbook of Texas, Retrieved 12 August 2007.</ref>
By 1937, a Freeport School District had been established, consisting of several segregated schools and 27 teachers. There were two white schools, one black school, and a white high school.<ref name="Handbook of Texas" />
Freeport's most substantial economic growth began with the construction of Dow Chemical Company facilities in the city during 1939. As of 2007, this company is the community's largest employer.<ref name="Handbook of Texas" /> As of 2011, Freeport had Dow's largest single manufacturing site in the 21st century.<ref name="Texas Operation"/>
In July 1957, Freeport merged with Velasco. This had been a temporary capital of the Republic of Texas during the 19th century. Soon thereafter, Freeport's population numbered 11,619.<ref name="Handbook of Texas" /> In 2003, the city annexed nearby Bryan Beach.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Geography
Freeport is located in southern Brazoria County at Template:Coord (28.959527, –95.356941),<ref name="GR1">Template:Cite web</ref> near the mouth of the Brazos River in the Gulf of Mexico. In 2003, the city annexed Template:Convert of beach bounded on the northeast by the village of Quintana and continuing southwest to the mouth of the Brazos River. This beach is known as Bryan Beach. It is just a few miles away from Surfside and Quintana beaches.
Texas State Highway 288, the Nolan Ryan Expressway, leads north from Freeport Template:Convert to Angleton, the county seat, and Template:Convert to downtown Houston. Texas State Highway 36 leads northwest Template:Convert to Brazoria.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Freeport has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert, or 12.36%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>
Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Freeport has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<ref>Climate Summary for Freeport, Texas</ref>
Demographics
| Race | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| White (NH) | 2,423 | 22.65% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 1,125 | 10.52% |
| Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 32 | 0.3% |
| Asian (NH) | 53 | 0.5% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 26 | 0.24% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 239 | 2.23% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 6,798 | 63.56% |
| Total | 10,696 |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,696 people, 4,224 households, and 2,993 families residing in the city.
According to the census<ref name="GR2" /> numbers as of 2016, there were 12,153 people, 3,788 households with an average of 3.17 persons per household. The median gross rent was $711.00 and the owner-occupied housing rate was 49.5%. The racial makeup of the city was 33.2% non-Hispanic White, 13.9% African American, 0.56% Native American, 0.35% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 20.91% from other races, and 3.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 52.0% of the population. Languages spoken in the household other than English is 49.4%.
The mean travel time to work for workers age 16+ was 15.2 minutes. In 2012, there were approximately 1,230 businesses in Freeport.
In the city, the median age for females is 29 years old and for males is 28. 34.1% of the population is 18 years of age or younger.
The median income for a household in the city was $36,044. The per capita income for the city was $17,707. About 27.5% of families were below the poverty line.<ref>§https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/freeportcitytexas/PST045216</ref>
Economy
Port Freeport is a seaport on the Gulf of Mexico and is currently ranked 26th in international tonnage. The associated chemical plants provide a stable economy. Freeport is the site of the Dow Chemical Company's Texas Operations facility, which is the company's largest integrated site<ref name="Texas Operation">Template:Cite web</ref> and the largest integrated chemical manufacturing facility in the United States.<ref name="epa">Template:Cite web</ref> Chemical production includes Alkalines And Chlorine, Industrial Gases, Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, Plastics Materials And Resins, Synthetic Rubber, Cyclic Crudes And Intermediates, Industrial Organic Chemicals, Agricultural Chemicals, Adhesives And Sealants, and Petroleum Refining.<ref name="epa" />
In 2002, Freeport LNG was founded; LNG import came online in 2008, an LNG export terminal was developed in the early 2010s after the US shale gas revolution and came online 2019. LNG in Freeport comes from Texas shale formations cracked open through hydraulic fracturing. In June 2022, a pipeline rupture caused methane to leak and an explosion after which the LNG terminal was closed for 8 months.<ref name="TX obs">Template:Cite news</ref>
Government
Freeport is in Texas' 14th congressional district,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and is represented by Congressman Randy Weber.
Media
The Brazosport Facts in Clute is a local paper. It was headquartered in Freeport until the move to Clute in 1976.<ref name="History">Template:Cite news</ref>
The Houston Chronicle is the metropolitan area newspaper.
Education
Public education
Schools in Freeport include Brazosport High School (Grades 9–12), Freeport Intermediate School (Grades 7–8), Lanier Middle School (Grades 5–6), Freeport Elementary, and Velasco Elementary School but this place shut down (Grades Pre-K–4). They are all maintained through Brazosport Independent School District.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The $19.2 million Freeport Elementary facility opened in 2018. VLK Architects designed the building. The student capacity is 750.<ref name=CalahannewFreeportES>Template:Cite web</ref>
Velasco Elementary was a Kindergarten through grade 4 school until 2017, when it became a grade 2–4 school for all of Freeport. Grades K–1 were moved to O. A. Fleming Elementary, which was scheduled to close in 2018 and be replaced by Freeport Elementary.<ref name=CalahannewFreeportES/>
Previously Freeport had O.A. Fleming Elementary School (PK–1),<ref>Template:Cite web - Compare to a map of the Surfside Beach city limits.</ref> and Jane Long Elementary School (grades 2–4).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Jane Long was scheduled to close in 2017, with Fleming taking grades K–1 and Velasco Elementary taking over grades 2–4. Fleming was scheduled to close when the new Freeport Elementary School opened in 2018.<ref name=CalahannewFreeportES/>
Tertiary education
It is within the zone for Brazosport College.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Texas Legislature designated the Brazosport ISD as in the Brazosport College zone.<ref>Texas Education Code Sec. 130.170. BRAZOSPORT COLLEGE DISTRICT SERVICE AREA.</ref>
Libraries
The Freeport Library is a part of the Brazoria County Library System.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
See also
Notes
References
External links
- Template:Official
- Brazosport ISD
- Port Freeport
- Historic materials about Freeport, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
- Handbook of Texas: Freeport
- The Portal of Texas History
- Brazosport College
- City-Data.com
- Podunk: Profile for Freeport, Texas
- Final Report Freeport Harbor, Texas Channel Improvement Project Communication from the Assistant Secretary, Army, Civil Works, the Department of Defense Transmitting the Freeport Harbor Channel Improvement Project, Brazoria County, Texas Feasibility Report and Environmental Impact Statement, Part 1 Part 2
Template:Freeport, Texas Template:Brazoria County, Texas Template:Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown MSA