Góra
Template:Short description Template:Other places Template:Infobox settlement Góra (Template:IPAc-pl, Template:Langx) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in western Poland.Template:TERYT It is the administrative seat both of Góra County and of the smaller district (gmina) called Gmina Góra. The town is located within the historic Lower Silesia region. As at 2019, it has a population of 11,797.
History
The area became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century. Following the fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies, it initially formed part of Greater Poland before it passed to Silesia.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The settlement was first mentioned as Gora in an 1155 deed by Pope Adrian IV conveying the property to the Diocese of Wrocław. The name of the town means "hill" or "mountain" in Polish.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1256 the bishop of Wrocław Tomasz I gave the village to the Polish knight Gosław.<ref name=bt>Barbara Trojak, Góra. Studium historyczne miasta, 1983 (in Polish)</ref> In 1288 it became part of the Duchy of Głogów and was granted Magdeburg town rights by the Piast duke Henry III. In 1300, Henry III sold the local mint to the city council of Góra.<ref name=bt/> Henry III, as well as the succeeding dukes Henry IV the Faithful and Konrad I granted new privileges to the town in 1306 and 1310.<ref name=bt/> Particularly, in 1310, 33 neighboring villages were assigned to the town to create an administrative district called Weichbild.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> From the 14th century onwards, the town developed to a centre of cloth manufacturing, specific privileges were granted to the clothiers of Góra in 1304.<ref name=bt/> The Germanized name Guhrau is first documented in 1336. In 1343, an annual fair was established.<ref name=bt/> Also from that year comes the first mention of the existence of a parish school in Góra.<ref name=bt/> The town remained under the rule of the Polish houses of Piast and Jagiellon as part of the duchies of Głogów, Ścinawa and Cieszyn<ref name=bt/> until the 16th century.
The town Guhrau was annexed by Prussia upon the First Silesian War in 1742 and from 1816 was the administrative seat of Landkreis Guhrau within the Province of Silesia, which from 1871 to 1945 was also part of Germany. In World War II it was occupied by the Red Army during the 1945 Vistula–Oder Offensive. According to the Potsdam Agreement, the town became again part of Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the 1980s, while the remaining German population was expelled. The historic name Góra was restored and the town was repopulated by Poles, expelled from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union. Again a county seat from 1946, from 1975 to 1998 Góra belonged to Leszno Voivodeship. In 1999 Góra's town limits were expanded by including the settlement of Sędziwojowice as its eastern district.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Notable people
- Benno Erdmann (1851–1921), German philosopher
- Augustin Rösler (1851–1922), German theologian
- Georg von Dehn-Schmidt (1876-1937), German diplomat
- Wilhelm Klemm (1896–1985), German scientist
- Werner Naumann (1909–1982), German Nazi Secretary of State
- Paweł Tuchlin (1946-1987), Polish serial killer known as “Scorpion”
- Izabella Sierakowska (1946–2021), Polish politician
- Radosław Kałużny (born 1974), Polish football player
Twin towns – sister cities
References
External links
- Template:Official website
- Jewish Community in Góra on Virtual Shtetl
- Guhrau Gora Pictures
- Góra Pictures Template:Webarchive
Template:Gmina Góra Template:Góra County Template:Authority control