Gavriil Golovkin

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Count Gavriil (Gavrila) Ivanovich Golovkin (Template:Langx; 1660 – 20 January 1734) was a Russian statesman who formally presided over Russian foreign affairs from 1706 until his death. Real control during his lengthy term in office was exercised by Boris Kurakin until 1727 and by Andrey Osterman after his death.

Career

In 1677, while still a young man, Golovkin was attached to the court of Tsarevich Peter, with whose mother Nataliya he was connected, and vigilantly guarded him during the disquieting period of the regency of Sophia. He accompanied the young Tsar abroad on his first foreign tour, and worked by his side in the dockyards of Zaandam. In 1706, he succeeded Golovin in the direction of foreign policy, and was created the first Russian grand-chancellor on the field of Poltava (1709). Golovkin held this office for 25 years.Template:Sfn

In the reign of Catherine I, he became a member of the Supreme Privy Council, which had the chief conduct of affairs during this and the succeeding reigns. The empress also entrusted him with her last will whereby she appointed the young Peter II her successor and Golovkin one of his guardians. On the death of Peter II in 1730, he declared openly in favour of Anna, duchess of Courland, in opposition to the aristocratic Dolgorukovs and Galitzines, and his determined attitude on behalf of autocracy was the chief cause of the failure of the proposed constitution, which would have converted Russia into a limited monarchy. Under Anna, he was a member of the first cabinet formed in Russia, but had less influence in affairs than Osterman and Munnich.Template:Sfn

In 1707, Golovkin was created a count of the Holy Roman Empire, and in 1710 a count of the Russian tsardom. He was one of the wealthiest, and at the same time one of the stingiest, magnates of his day. His ignorance of any language but his own made his intercourse with foreign ministers very inconvenient.Template:Sfn For the ultimate disgrace of his relatives, see the Lopukhina Affair. Yury Golovkin, Russia's first ambassador to China, was his great-grandson.

References

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Sources

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