General Sherman Tree
Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox tree The General Sherman Tree is a giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) tree in the Giant Forest of Sequoia National Park in Tulare County, California. By volume, it is the largest known living single-stem tree on Earth.<ref name="NPS-1997">Template:Cite web</ref>
History
The General Sherman Tree was named after the American Civil War general William Tecumseh Sherman. The official story, which may be apocryphal, claims the tree was named in 1879 by naturalist James Wolverton, who had served as a lieutenant in the 9th Indiana Cavalry under Sherman.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Seven years later, in 1886, the land came under the control of the Kaweah Colony, a utopian socialist community whose economy was based on logging. Noting the pivotal role that Sherman had played in the Indian Wars and his forced relocation of native American tribes, they renamed the tree in honor of Karl Marx.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> However, the community was disbanded in 1892, primarily as a result of the establishment of Sequoia National Park, and the tree reverted to its previous name.
In 1931, following comparisons with the nearby General Grant Tree, General Sherman was identified as the largest tree in the world. One result of this process was that wood volume became widely accepted as the standard for establishing and comparing the size of different trees.<ref name="NPS-1997" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In January 2006, the largest branch on the tree (seen most commonly, in older photos, as an "L" or golf-club shape, protruding from about a quarter of the way down the trunk) broke off. There were no witnesses to the incident, and the branchTemplate:Mdashbwith a diameter of over Template:Cvt and a length of over Template:Convert, larger than most tree trunksTemplate:Mdashbsmashed part of the perimeter fence and cratered the pavement of the surrounding walkway. The breakage is not believed to be indicative of any abnormalities in the tree's health and may even be a natural defense mechanism against adverse weather conditions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On SeptemberTemplate:Nbsp16, 2021, the tree was threatened by the KNP Complex Fire in Sequoia National Park. Park and firefighting personnel wrapped the tree's base in a protective foil usually used on structures in case the wildfire approached the General Sherman TreeTemplate:Mdashbwhich, in the end, was left unharmed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Dimensions
While it is the largest tree known, the General Sherman tree is neither the tallest known living tree on Earth (that distinction belongs to Hyperion, a coast redwood),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> nor is it the widest (both the largest cypress and largest baobab have a greater diameter), nor is it the oldest known living tree on Earth (that distinction belongs to Prometheus, a Great Basin bristlecone pine).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> With a height of Template:Cvt, a diameter of Template:Cvt, an estimated bole volume of Template:Convert, and an estimated age of 2,300Template:Ndash2,700 years,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> it is nevertheless among the tallest, widest, and longest-lived of all trees on the planet.
While General Sherman is the largest living tree, it is not the largest historically recorded tree. The Crannell Creek Giant, a coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) cut down in the mid-1940s near Trinidad, California, is estimated to have been 15–25% larger than the General Sherman Tree by volume. Similarly, the Mother of the Forest, another giant sequoia, may have historically been larger than General Sherman. Two other historical and exceedingly enormous giant sequoias, the Discovery Tree with a near-Template:Convert circumference,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and especially the long-fallen "Father of the Forest" from Calaveras Grove, reportedly Template:Convert high and Template:Convert in circumference,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> are widely considered to have once been larger than General Sherman. In addition, the Burnt Monarch from Big Stump Grove had a much larger base than General Sherman and could have easily been larger as well.<ref>Forest Giants of the Pacific Coast. Van Pelt, 2001</ref>
| Measurement | Imperial units | SI units |
|---|---|---|
| Height above base<ref name="NPS-1997" /> | Template:Convert | |
| Circumference at ground<ref name="NPS-1997" /> | Template:Convert | |
| Maximum diameter at base<ref name="NPS-1997" /> | Template:Convert | |
| Diameter Template:Cvt above base<ref name="Flint-1987">Template:Cite book</ref> | Template:Convert | |
| Diameter Template:Cvt above base<ref name="NPS-1997" /> | Template:Convert | |
| Diameter Template:Cvt above base<ref name="NPS-1997" /> | Template:Convert | |
| Diameter of largest branch<ref name="NPS-1997" /> | Template:Convert | |
| Height of first large branch above the base<ref name="NPS-1997" /> | Template:Convert | |
| Average crown spread<ref name="NPS-1997" /> | Template:Convert | |
| Estimated bole volume<ref name="Flint-1987" /> | Template:Convert | |
| Estimated mass (wet) (1938)<ref name="Fry-1942">Template:Cite book</ref> | Template:Cvt | |
| Estimated bole mass (1938)<ref name="Fry-1942"/> | Template:Convert |
See also
- List of largest giant sequoias
- List of superlative trees
- List of individual trees
- List of oldest trees
- National Register of Big Trees
References
External links
- Template:Cite gnis
- "What is the largest tree in the world?" Video of a park ranger at Sequoia National Park explaining details about the General Sherman Tree
- Norton, Marc. "The Karl Marx Tree: How Southern Pacific Railroad killed a socialist colony in the name of creating Yosemite National Park", Red Hills, August 27, 2014.