George Howell (soldier)
Template:Short description Template:Good article Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Australian English Template:Infobox military person George Julian "Snowy" Howell, VC, MM (19 November 1893 – 23 December 1964) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" that can be awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth armed forces. Howell was decorated with the Victoria Cross following his actions during the Second Battle of Bullecourt, in which he ran along the parapet of a trench bombing the German forces attacking his position through the use of grenades, and thus driving them back.
Born in a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Howell was employed as a builder before enlisting in the Australian Imperial Force in June 1915. Allotted to the force's 1st Battalion, he served at Gallipoli prior to transferring to the Western Front. Participating in the Somme offensive of 1916, Howell was wounded at Pozières and promoted to corporal in early 1917. During an attack on a German held village, he led a rifle bombing section and was awarded the Military Medal for his actions. Severely wounded in his Victoria Cross action, Howell underwent a prolonged hospitalisation period before returning to Australia and receiving his discharge on medical grounds. Settling in Coogee, he gained employment by working on the advertising staff of several newspapers. Following the outbreak of the Second World War, Howell served with the Australian Eastern Command Headquarters but soon sought his discharge and enlisted with the United States Sea Transport Service. He died in 1964 at the age of 71.
Early life
Howell was born in the Sydney suburb of Enfield, New South Wales, on 19 November 1893, the fourth son of English-born carpenter, Francis John Howell, and his Australian wife, Martha (née Sweeny). Howell was educated at Croydon Park and Burwood Public Schools, before receiving an apprenticeship as a bricklayer.<ref name="ADB">Template:Australian Dictionary of Biography</ref> Becoming a builder, he was employed in his native Enfield area of Sydney.<ref name="AF">Template:Harvnb</ref>
First World War
On 3 June 1915, Howell enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force for service in the First World War.<ref name="ADB"/> Allotted to the 7th Reinforcements of the 1st Battalion as a private, he embarked from Sydney for Egypt on 14 July aboard HMAT Orsova.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Joining the 1st Battalion at Gallipoli on 1 November, Howell served on the peninsula until the Allied evacuation the following month. Returning to Egypt, the battalion spent several months training in the desert in preparation for service on the Western Front.<ref name="VCs160">Template:Harvnb</ref>
The 1st Battalion embarked for France in March 1916, and by April the unit was entrenched in the Fromelles sector. In the third week of July, Howell was wounded in the Battle of Pozières while taking part in the Somme offensive. Evacuated to a hospital in Sheffield, England, during early August,<ref name="VCs160"/> Howell attended a training school before returning to his battalion on 26 November.<ref name="VCs160"/><ref name="ADB"/> Appointed lance corporal on 10 December, he was promoted to corporal on 6 February 1917.<ref name="AF"/>
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On 9 April 1917, Howell took part in the 1st Battalion's attack on the German held village of Demicourt.<ref name="AF"/> During the engagement, Howell led a rifle bombing section at the forefront of his company against the German position. The section was held up several times in their advance due to heavy machine gun fire, but managed to overcome the opposition and continue the advance each time. For his actions during the battle, Howell was awarded the Military Medal, the recommendation of which cited his "... courage and devotion to duty ... was of great assistance to his company in the capture of its objectives".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The notification of the award was published in a supplement to the London Gazette on 26 May 1917.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>
Victoria Cross
In preparation for an attack on the Hindenburg Line at Bullecourt, the 1st Australian Brigade—of which the 1st Battalion was part—was attached to the 2nd Australian Division.<ref name="VCs159">Template:Harvnb</ref> The attack commenced in the morning of 3 May 1917, with the 2nd Division lined up in conjunction with thirteen other divisions.<ref name="AF84">Template:Harvnb</ref> Despite some progress made early in the attack, the Australian forces were soon held up by strong opposition, and in the evening the 1st Battalion was entrenched in the old German line known as 'OG1'. Three of the battalion's companies occupied the line, while a fourth was placed in reserve. Their position was such that they occupied a wedge into the German line, while two flanks were in German held territory.<ref name="VCs159"/>
From the initial attack, only the Canadians on the extreme right and the 3rd Australian Brigade on the extreme left were able to capture and hold their set objectives. Over the course of the next three days, severe fighting took place and further troops were drawn in to hold and extend the gains of 3 May. On 6 May, the Germans launched a counter-attack which forced the 3rd Brigade to withdraw from their trenches; it was during this engagement that Howell was to perform the act which was to earn him the Victoria Cross.<ref name="AF84"/>
At 06:00, Howell, who was in charge of a post to the right of the line, noticed the battalion on the right flank was being forced out of its trench and was beginning to retire. Immediately alerting battalion headquarters, Captain Alexander MacKenzie—who had assumed temporary command of the battalion—hurriedly organised a group of non-combatant soldiers from headquarters together with several signallers to form a defensive line along a road bank in order to fend off the expected German advance.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> A fierce bombing and grenade fight soon ensued, with both sides suffering heavy casualties.<ref name="AF84"/> Fearing the Germans would outflank his battalion, Howell climbed onto the top of the parapet and began running along the trench line throwing bombs down on the Germans, all the while being subject to heavy rifle and bomb attack.<ref name="VCs159"/> Forcing the Germans back along the trench, Howell was supported by Lieutenant Thomas Richards who followed him along the trench firing bursts from his Lewis Gun.<ref name="ADB"/> Soon exhausting his supply of bombs, Howell began to attack with his bayonet until he fell into the trench wounded.<ref name="VCrec">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Howell had been hit in both legs by machine gun fire, and when he was brought into the clearing station some hours later, it was discovered he had suffered at least twenty-eight separate wounds. Due to his actions, the ground which had been lost was soon retaken,<ref name="VCs159"/> and the German attack was later repulsed.<ref name="VCrec"/>
The full citation for Howell's Victoria Cross appeared in a supplement to the London Gazette on 27 June 1917, reading:<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>
Hospitalisation and repatriation
Howell's multiple wounds at Bullecourt required a prolonged hospitalisation period for treatment,<ref name="AF"/> and he was sent to the Norfolk and Norwich War Hospital in England. On 21 July 1917, Howell was invested with his Victoria Cross and Military Medal by King George V in the forecourt of Buckingham Palace. A photograph of the pair together was taken at this time, and later published in the Times History of the War.<ref name="VCs159"/> Promoted to sergeant, Howell returned to Australia on 31 October.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Having not adequately recovered from his wounds, he was discharged from the Australian Imperial Force on 5 June 1918 on medical grounds.<ref name="ADB"/> Howell's father and one of his brothers had also served on the Western Front during the First World War; his father with the 54th Battalion and his brother, Frederick, with the 1st Pioneer Battalion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Later life
On 1 March 1919, Howell married Sadie Lillian Yates, a nurse, at St Stephen's Presbyterian Church in Sydney. The pair settled in Coogee, where Howell was employed on the advertising staff of Smith's Newspapers Ltd and later the Bulletin Newspaper Co. Pty Ltd.<ref name="VCs160"/> By 1933, he was the New South Wales representative for the Brisbane Standard and the Queensland Worker.<ref name="AF"/>
At the outbreak of the Second World War, Howell once again offered his services and enlisted in the Australian Army on 14 October 1939. Posted to Eastern Command Headquarters, Paddington, he was granted the rank of staff sergeant, but found staff work to be dull and sought his discharge in February 1941.<ref name="VCs160"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In August 1944, Howell enlisted in the United States Army for service in the United States Sea Transport Service, and was thus able to participate in the invasion of Leyte at the commencement of the Philippines campaign.<ref name="AF"/>
In December 1953, following his wife's death, Howell moved from Sydney to Western Australia. Accompanied by his grandson, the journey took four days by train before the pair arrived in the Perth suburb of Applecross, where Howell was to live with his married daughter, Norma. He later moved to Gunyidi, via Watheroo, where he was to reside for a few years before returning to Perth. In 1956, he joined the Australian contingent of Victoria Cross recipients who attended the parade in London's Hyde Park to commemorate the centenary of the institution of the Victoria Cross.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>
Howell died at the Repatriation General Hospital, Hollywood, Perth, on 23 December 1964. He was granted a funeral with military honours, before his body was cremated and his ashes interred at Karrakatta Cemetery, Perth.<ref name="AF"/><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Howell's name is commemorated by a plaque in the Western Australian Garden of Remembrance,<ref name="AF"/> and his Victoria Cross and other medals are on display at the Australian War Memorial, Canberra.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
Notes
References
External links
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- Pages with broken file links
- 1893 births
- 1964 deaths
- United States Army personnel of World War II
- Australian Army soldiers
- Australian bricklayers
- Australian Army personnel of World War II
- Australian World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross
- Military personnel from Sydney
- Australian recipients of the Military Medal
- United States Army soldiers
- Burials at Karrakatta Cemetery