George Monbiot

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George Joshua Richard Monbiot (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell; born 27 January 1963) is an English journalist, author, and environmental and political activist. He writes a regular column for The Guardian and has written several books.

Monbiot grew up in Oxfordshire and studied zoology at the University of Oxford. He then began a career in investigative journalism, publishing his first book Poisoned Arrows in 1989 about human rights issues in West Papua. In later years, he has been involved in activism and advocacy related to various issues, such as climate change, British politics and loneliness. In Feral (2013), he discussed and endorsed expansion of rewilding. He is the founder of The Land is Ours, a campaign for the right of access to the countryside and its resources in the United Kingdom.<ref name=Fox/> Monbiot was awarded the Global 500 in 1995 and the Orwell Prize in 2022.

Early life and education

Born in Kensington, Monbiot grew up in Rotherfield Peppard, Oxfordshire.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His father, Raymond Monbiot, was a businessman who headed the Conservative Party's trade and industry forum.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Fox">Template:Cite news</ref> His mother, Rosalie (daughter of Gresham Cooke MP), was a Conservative councillor and former leader of South Oxfordshire District Council.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>The Daily Telegraph, 25 May 1996.</ref> His uncle, Canon Hereward Cooke, was the Liberal Democrat deputy leader of Norwich City Council.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

After preparatory boarding school at Elstree School,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> he was educated at Stowe School, in Buckinghamshire.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He won an open scholarship to Brasenose College, Oxford.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Monbiot has stated that his "political awakening" was prompted by reading Bettina Ehrlich's book, Paolo and Panetto, while at his prep school<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and that he regretted attending Oxford.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Career

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Monbiot in conversation with Silver Donald Cameron about his work in 2014

After graduating with a degree in zoology, Monbiot joined the BBC Natural History Unit as a radio producer, making natural history and environmental programmes. He transferred to the BBC's World Service, where he worked briefly as a current affairs producer and presenter, before leaving to research and write his first book.<ref name="George Monbiot 2017 About George">Template:Cite web</ref>

Working as an investigative journalist, he travelled in Indonesia, Brazil, and East Africa. His activities led to his being made persona non grata in seven countries<ref name=Penguinblurb>Template:Cite web</ref> and being sentenced to life imprisonment in absentia in Indonesia.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref> In these places he was also shot at,<ref name="Amazon Watershed">George Monbiot, 1991. Amazon Watershed. Michael Joseph, London</ref> brutally beaten up and arrested by military police,<ref name="Amazon Watershed"/> shipwrecked<ref name="Amazon Watershed"/> and stung into a poisoned coma by hornets.<ref name="Poisoned Arrows">George Monbiot, 1989. Poisoned Arrows: an investigative journey through Indonesia. Michael Joseph, London</ref> He came back to work in Britain after being pronounced clinically dead in Lodwar General Hospital in north-western Kenya, having contracted cerebral malaria.<ref name="No Man's Land">Template:Citation</ref>

He joined the British roads protest movement and was often called to give press interviews; as a result he was denounced as a "media tart"<ref name="McKay 1998 Land Is Ours Campaign">Template:Cite book</ref> by groups such as Green Anarchist and Class War. He claims he was brutally beaten and attacked by security guards, who allegedly drove a metal spike through his foot, smashing the middle metatarsal bone. His injuries left him in hospital.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Sir Crispin Tickell, a former United Nations diplomat, who was then Warden at Green College, Oxford, made the young protester a Visiting Fellow.<ref>Genevieve Fox, Enter the clean-shaven adventurer hero, The Independent. 8 May 1995.</ref>

In November 2012, he apologised to Lord McAlpine for his "stupidity and thoughtlessness" in implying, in a tweet, that the Conservative peer was a paedophile.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref><ref>Interview, BBC Radio 4, World at One, 15 November 2012.</ref>

In 2014, Monbiot wrote an article on the theme of loneliness.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This led to a collaboration with musician Ewan McLennan. Together they released an album Breaking the Spell of Loneliness in October 2016 followed by a tour of the UK.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Folk Radio described it as "an enthralling album" where "Each song is a short, eloquent and thought provoking essay on the destruction of our humanity and how it can be regained".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Monbiot narrated the video How Wolves Change Rivers<ref name="auto">Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref> which was based on his TED talk of 2013<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> on the restoration of ecosystems and landscape (rewilding) when wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone Park.<ref name="auto"/> In 2019, Monbiot co-presented Nature Now,<ref name="auto2">Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref> a video about natural climate solutions, with Greta Thunberg. Monbiot appeared in the documentary The Cost of Living: Does Britain Need a Basic Income?, a companion piece to the film The Future of Work and Death, about UBI in the UK – released on Amazon Prime in 2020.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> He appeared in the 2021 Netflix documentary Seaspiracy, which focuses on the human impact on marine life and fishing, and defended it from critics.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2021, Monbiot created the live documentary Rivercide, highlighting the lamentable state of the UK's rivers, and in particular the River Wye.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

While describing the film Don't Look Up in earlyTemplate:Nbsp2022, Monbiot explained how difficult it is to campaign for the preservation of Earth in the face of what he sees as overwhelming inaction.<ref name="monbiot-2022">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2024, Monbiot appeared in the British documentary film I Could Never Go Vegan.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Views and activism

Peak oil

In the early 2000s, Monbiot predicted that global production of oil "will peak before long". In his article, titled "The Bottom of the Barrel", he wrote:

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Climate change

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Monbiot at a Make Poverty History rally in Edinburgh, July 2005

Monbiot believes that drastic action coupled with strong political will is needed to combat global warming.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> He supports the introduction of the crime of ecocide to the International Criminal Court stating “I believe [a crime of ecocide] would change everything. It would radically shift the balance of power, forcing anyone contemplating large-scale vandalism to ask themselves: ‘Will I end up in the international criminal court for this?’ It could make the difference between a habitable and an uninhabitable planet.”<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

To reduce his personal impact on the environment, he has transitioned to a vegan lifestyle and encourages others to do the same.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Media

Monbiot has criticised media coverage of climate change and environmental issues, in particular that of the BBC and its nature documentaries.<ref name="monbiot-2022" /><ref name=":0" /> He has also criticised the BBC for what he views as its political bias.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Attempted arrest of John Bolton

Monbiot made an unsuccessful attempt to carry out a citizen's arrest of John Bolton, a former US ambassador to the United Nations, when the latter attended the Hay Festival to give a talk on international relations in May 2008. Monbiot argued that Bolton was one of the instigators of the Iraq War, of which Monbiot was an opponent.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

Politics

After Monbiot visited the remote Baliem Valley and criticised the Indonesian government's transmigration program and other policies in occupied Western New Guinea, Indonesian authorities sentenced him in absentia to life imprisonment.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Monbiot is a critic of neoliberalism.<ref name=":0" /> In January 2004, Monbiot and Salma Yaqoob co-founded Respect – The Unity Coalition (later formally the Respect Party) which grew out of the Stop the War Coalition.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> He resigned from the group the following February when Respect failed to reach agreement with the Green Party not to stand candidates in the same constituencies in the forthcoming 2004 European Parliament election.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In an interview with the British political blog Third Estate in September 2009, Monbiot expressed his support for the policies of Plaid Cymru, saying "I have finally found the party that I feel very comfortable with. That's not to say I feel uncomfortable with the Green Party, on the whole I support it, but I feel even more comfortable with Plaid."<ref name="third_estate">Template:Cite web</ref>

In April 2010, he was a signatory to an open letter of support for the Liberal Democrats, published in The Guardian.<ref>"Lib Dems are the party of progress". The Guardian. 28 April 2010</ref> Prior to the May 2015 general election, he was one of several public figures who endorsed the parliamentary candidacy of the Green Party's Caroline Lucas.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the election he also endorsed the Green Party as a whole.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In August 2015, Monbiot endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election.<ref name="corbyn1">Template:Cite news</ref> In April 2017, he announced his intention to vote for the Labour Party in the 2017 general election.<ref name="corbyn2">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="corbyn3">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="corbyn4">Template:Cite news</ref> In August 2021, he endorsed Tamsin Omond and Amelia Womack in the 2021 Green Party of England and Wales leadership election.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Monbiot, who has warned that Britain is at risk of becoming a failed state,<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref> is a supporter of Scottish independence, Welsh independence and Irish reunification.<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref> On 11 February 2021, whilst on BBC Two's Politics Live, he said, "If I lived in Scotland, I'd want to get out of this corrupt, dysfunctional, chaotic union as quickly as possible. And the same applies to Wales, the same applies to Northern Ireland. I can't see the point of staying in the United Kingdom, of being chained to the United Kingdom like a block of concrete, as the boat begins to founder."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Monbiot has criticised linguist and political activist Noam Chomsky, arguing on Twitter in November 2017 that "Part of the problem is that a kind of cult has developed around Noam Chomsky and John Pilger, which cannot believe they could ever be wrong, and produces ever more elaborate conspiracy theories to justify their mistakes."<ref name="X (formerly Twitter) 22 Nov 2017">Template:Cite web</ref>

Monbiot offered public support to protest group Palestine Action when the UK government was considering proscribing it as a terrorist organisation in June 2025.<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref>

Nuclear energy

Monbiot once expressed deep antipathy to the nuclear industry.<ref>George Monbiot "The nuclear winter draws near", The Guardian, 30 March 2000</ref> He then rejected his later neutral position regarding nuclear power in March 2011. Although he "still loathe[s] the liars who run the nuclear industry",<ref name="Monbiot2011">Template:Cite news</ref> Monbiot now advocates its use, having been convinced of its relative safety by what he considers the limited effects of the 2011 Japan tsunami on nuclear reactors in the region.<ref name="Monbiot2011" /> Subsequently, he has harshly condemned the anti-nuclear movement, writing that it "has misled the world about the impacts of radiation on human health ... made [claims] ungrounded in science, unsupportable when challenged and wildly wrong." He singled out Helen Caldicott for, he wrote, making unsourced and inaccurate claims, dismissing contrary evidence as part of a cover-up, and overstating the death toll from the Chernobyl disaster by a factor of more than 140.<ref name="Monbiot2011-2">Template:Cite news</ref>

In October 2013 Monbiot criticised the selection of a generation III reactor design for the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station due to cost as well as for a half century requirement of uranium mining and transuranic waste production; he contrasted this with two generation IV reactor concepts: "if integral fast reactors were deployed, the UK's stockpile of nuclear waste could be used to generate enough low-carbon energy to meet all UK demand for 500 years. These reactors would keep recycling the waste until hardly any remained: solving three huge problems – energy supply, nuclear waste and climate change – at once. Thorium reactors use an element that's already extracted in large quantities as an unwanted byproduct of other mining industries. They recycle their own waste, leaving almost nothing behind."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (cf. similar comments by James Hansen)

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George Monbiot interview with The Green Interview

Published works

Monbiot's weekly column for The Guardian has covered a variety of issues, concentrating on political philosophy in relation to ecological and social problems, particularly in the United Kingdom.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Monbiot's first book was Poisoned Arrows (1989), concerning the partially World Bank-funded transmigration program on the peoples and tribes of West Papua. It was followed by Amazon Watershed (1991), which documents the expulsions of Brazilian peasant farmers from their land. His third book, No Man's Land: An Investigative Journey Through Kenya and Tanzania (1994), documented the seizure of land and cattle from nomadic people in Kenya and Tanzania.

In 2000, he published Captive State: The Corporate Takeover of Britain in which Monbiot argues that corporate power in the United Kingdom is a serious threat to democracy. His fifth book, The Age of Consent: A Manifesto for a New World Order, was published in 2003. The book is an attempt to set out a positive manifesto for change for the global justice movement.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Monbiot's next book, Heat: How to Stop the Planet Burning, published in 2006, focused on the issue of climate change. Feral: Searching for Enchantment on the Frontiers of Rewilding was published in 2013, and focuses on the concept of rewilding the planet. In the book, Monbiot criticises sheep farming.<ref name="telegraphreview" /> The book received favourable reviews in The Spectator<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and The Daily Telegraph.<ref name="telegraphreview">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref> It won the Society of Biology Book Award for general biology in 2014.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Monbiot's 2022 book Regenesis focuses on the environmental impact of agriculture and sustainable approaches.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2024, The Invisible Doctrine: The Secret History of Neoliberalism (& How It Came to Control Your Life), by Monbiot and Peter Hutchison, an American documentary filmmaker and professor at NYU Tisch School of the Arts,<ref name="lakeville-journal/invisible-doctrine">Template:Cite news</ref> was first a film<ref name="commonsnews/806/monbiot">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="invisible-doctrine/press">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="FFO/invisible-doctrine-review">Template:Cite news</ref> and then the book was derived and published.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="journey-man-tv/8728">Template:Cite web</ref>

Personal life

Monbiot has mostly lived in Oxford, but for a few years from 2007 he lived in a low emissions house in the market town of Machynlleth, Montgomeryshire, originally with his then-wife, writer and campaigner Angharad Penrhyn Jones, and their daughter.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His new partner lives in Oxford and Monbiot returned there by 2012.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The couple's daughter, Monbiot's second, was born in early 2012.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In December 2017, Monbiot was diagnosed with prostate cancer; he had surgery in March 2018.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2022, he moved to South Devon.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Awards

In 1995, Nelson Mandela presented him with a United Nations Global 500 Award for outstanding environmental achievement.<ref>Monbiot Profile on Global 500 Forum Template:Webarchive Accessed 10 November 2006.</ref> He won the Sir Peter Kent award 1991 prize for his book Amazon Watershed. In November 2007, his book Heat was awarded the Premio Mazotti, an Italian book prize, but he was denied the money given with the prize because he chose not to travel to Venice to collect it in person, arguing that it was not a good enough reason to justify flying. In 2017, he was a recipient of the SEAL Environmental Journalism Award for his work at The Guardian.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2022, Monbiot was awarded The Orwell Prize for Journalism.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Selected works

See also

References

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