George Owen Squier

George Owen Squier (March 21, 1865 – March 24, 1934) was an American general, scientist, and inventor<ref name=Amazon>Template:Cite book</ref> best known for inventing and popularizing what today is called Muzak.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=Areas.work>Template:Cite web</ref>

Life and military career

File:Portrait of George Owen Squier.jpg

Portrait of Squier, by Harris & Ewing, Template:Circa

Squier was born in Dryden, Michigan.<ref name=Kennelly /> He graduated from the United States Military Academy in the Class of 1887.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Among his classmates who also became general officers were Frank Herman Albright,Template:Sfn Marcus Daniel Cronin,Template:Sfn Alexander Lucian Dade,Template:Sfn James Theodore Dean,Template:Sfn Charles S. Farnsworth,Template:Sfn George Washington Gatchell,Template:Sfn Charles Gerhardt,Template:Sfn Herman Hall,Template:Sfn Thomas Grafton Hanson,Template:Sfn Mark L. Hersey,Template:Sfn Ernest Hinds,Template:Sfn Michael Joseph Lenihan,Template:Sfn Ulysses G. McAlexander,Template:Sfn Nathaniel Fish McClure,Template:Sfn William C. Rivers,Template:Sfn Charles Brewster Wheeler,Template:Sfn and Edmund Wittenmyer.Template:Sfn

In 1893, Squier received a Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University. He wrote and edited many books and articles on the subject of radio and electricity.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> An inventor, he and Dartmouth professor Albert Cushing Crehore developed a magneto-optical streak camera "The Polarizing Photo-chronograph" in 1896 to measure the speed of projectiles both inside a cannon and directly after they left the cannon barrel. This was one of the earliest photonic programs. They also worked to develop synchronous AC telegraphic systems. His biggest contribution was that of telephone carrier multiplexing in 1910 for which he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1919.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was also an elected member of the American Philosophical Society.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In September 1900 Squier sailed from New York for Manila on the cable ship USAT Burnside. He was in command of a 25-man Signal Corps detachment that laid the first American telegraph cables in the Philippines.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

As executive officer to the Chief Signal Officer, U.S. Signal Corps in 1907, Squier was instrumental in the establishment of the Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps, the first organizational ancestor of the U.S. Air Force. He also was the first military passenger in an airplane on September 12, 1908, and, working with the Wright Brothers, was responsible for the purchase of the first airplanes by the US Army in 1909.Template:Citation needed

From May 1916 to February 1917, he was Chief of the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, the first successor of the Aeronautical Division, before being promoted to major general and appointed Chief Signal Officer during World War I.

In 1922, he created Wired Radio, a service which piped music to businesses and subscribers over wires.<ref name=Amazon/> In 1934, he changed the service's name to 'Muzak'.

Asked how to say his name, he told The Literary Digest it was pronounced like the word square.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

He was a member of the Sons of the American Revolution.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Death

He died in Washington, D.C., at George Washington Hospital<ref>Associated Press, "Former Leader of Air Service Dies", San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, 25 March 1934, Vol. 40, p. 1.</ref> on March 24, 1934Template:Sfn of pneumonia, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.<ref>Burial Detail: Squier, George O – ANC Explorer</ref>

Awards

• Distinguished Service Medal
• Spanish War Service Medal
• Philippine Campaign Medal
• World War I Victory Medal
• Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
• Commander of the Legion of Honor (France)
• Commander of the Order of the Crown of Italy

Dates of rank

No Insignia	Cadet, United States Military Academy: 1 July 1883
No Insignia in 1886	Second Lieutenant, Regular Army: 12 June 1887
File:US-OF1A.svg	First Lieutenant, Regular Army: 30 June 1893
File:US-O3 insignia.svg	Captain, Volunteer Army: 1 June 1898 (Date of rank was 20 May 1898.)
File:US-O5 insignia.svg	Lieutenant Colonel, Volunteer Army: 20 July 1898
File:US-OF1A.svg	First Lieutenant, Regular Army: 7 December 1898 (Reverted to permanent rank.)
File:US-O3 insignia.svg	Captain, Volunteer Army: 17 April 1899
File:US-O3 insignia.svg	Captain, Regular Army: 1 July 1901 (Date of rank was 2 February 1901.)
File:US-O4 insignia.svg	Major, Regular Army: 2 March 1903
File:US-O5 insignia.svg	Lieutenant Colonel, Regular Army: 17 March 1913
	Brigadier General, Temporary: 14 February 1917
	Colonel, Regular Army: 12 April 1917
	Major General, Temporary: 8 October 1917
	Colonel, Regular Army: 14 February 1921 (Reverted to permanent rank.)
	Major General, Temporary: 28 March 1921 (Date of rank was 6 October 1917.)
	Major General, Retired list: 31 December 1923

Legacy

USS General G.O. Squier (AP-130)

In 1943, the U.S. Navy named troopship Template:USS in his honor. It was the lead ship of its class, which was known as Template:Sclass of transport ships.

General Squier Park, a historic district and waterpark in his hometown of Dryden, Michigan, is named in his honor.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Publications

• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite journal
• Template:Cite book

External links

• George O. Squier (Cullum's Register entry)
• Smithsonian West Point: George Squier
• National Academy of Science
• United States Army Signal Center Template:Webarchive
• About Major General George Owen Squier