George Shearing

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox musical artist

Sir George Albert Shearing<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Template:Postnominals (13 August 1919Template:Spaced ndash14 February 2011) was a British jazz pianist who for many years led a popular jazz group that recorded for Discovery Records, MGM Records and Capitol Records. Shearing was the composer of over 300 songs, including the jazz standards "Lullaby of Birdland" and "Conception", and had multiple albums on the Billboard charts during the 1950s, 1960s, 1980s and 1990s.<ref name="AMG">Template:Cite web</ref>

Early life

Born in Battersea, London, Shearing was the youngest of nine children. He was born blind to working-class parents: his father delivered coal and his mother cleaned trains in the evening. He started to learn piano at the age of three and began formal training at Linden Lodge School for the Blind, where he spent four years.<ref name="AAJ">Template:Cite web</ref>

Though he was offered several scholarships, Shearing opted to perform at a local pub, the Mason's Arms in Lambeth, for "25 bob a week"<ref name="Sound">Template:Cite web</ref> playing piano and accordion. He joined an all-blind band, Claude Bampton's Blind Orchestra, during that time, and was influenced by the records of Teddy Wilson and Fats Waller.<ref name="AMG"/> Shearing made his first BBC radio broadcast during this time, after being befriended by Leonard Feather, with whom he started recording in 1937.<ref name="AAJ"/>

In 1940, Shearing joined Harry Parry's popular band. Around 1942 he was recruited by Stéphane Grappelli (domiciled in London during World War II) to join his band, which appeared at Hatchets Restaurant in Piccadilly in the early years of the war, and subsequently toured as "the Grappelly Swingtette" from 1943 onward.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Shearing won six consecutive Top Pianist Melody Maker polls from this time onward.<ref name="Gelly">Template:Cite book</ref> Around that time he was also a member of George Evans's Saxes 'n' Sevens band.Template:Citation needed

United States years

Shearing immigrated to the United States, where his harmonically complex style mixing swing, bop and modern classical influences gained popularity. One of his first performances was at the Hickory House. He performed with the Oscar Pettiford Trio and led a jazz quartet with Buddy DeFranco, which led to contractual problems, since Shearing was under contract to MGM and DeFranco to Capitol Records.Template:Citation needed

File:George Shearing Quintet in Holland, Hermando Peraza (bongospeler) en George Shea, Bestanddeelnr 914-3365.jpg
Shearing (centre) performing with the Quintet in Holland, 1962

In 1949, he formed the first George Shearing Quintet, a band with Margie Hyams (vibraphone), Chuck Wayne (guitar), later replaced by Toots Thielemans (listed as John Tillman), John Levy (bass), and Denzil Best (drums).<ref name="The Book of Golden Discs"/> This line-up recorded for Discovery, Savoy, and MGM, including the popular single "September in the Rain" (MGM), which sold over 900,000 copies in the United States alone with global sales in excess of one million;<ref name="The Book of Golden Discs">Template:Cite book</ref> "my other hit" to accompany "Lullaby of Birdland". Shearing said of this hit that it was "as accidental as it could be."<ref name="Sound"/> At this time, the novelist Jack Kerouac heard him play in Birdland, and later described the performance in his 1957 novel On the Road as "his great 1949 days before he became cool and commercial."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Shearing's interest in classical music resulted in some performances with concert orchestras in the 1950s and 1960s, and his solos frequently drew upon the music of Satie, Delius, and Debussy for inspiration. He became known for a piano technique known as "The Shearing Sound", or "Shearing voicing", a type of double melody block chord, with an additional fifth part that doubles the melody an octave lower. With the piano playing these five voices, Shearing would double the top voice with the vibraphone and the bottom voice with the guitar to create his signature sound. This piano technique is also known as "locked hands" and the jazz organist Milt Buckner is generally credited with inventing it.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In Shearing's later career he played with a more conventional piano technique while maintaining his recognisable improvisational style.

In 1956, Shearing became a naturalised citizen of the United States.<ref name="Sound"/> He continued to play with his quintet, with augmented players through the years, and recorded with Capitol until 1969. He created his own label, Sheba, that lasted a few years. Along with dozens of musical stars of his day, Shearing appeared on ABC's The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom in 1959.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1953, he had appeared on the same network's reality show, The Comeback Story, in which he discussed how to cope with blindness.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Later career

In 1970, he began to "phase out his by-now-predictable quintet"<ref name="AMG"/> and disbanded the group in 1978. One of his more notable albums during this period was The Reunion (1976), made in collaboration with bassist Andy Simpkins and drummer Rusty Jones, and featuring Stéphane Grappelli, the violinist with whom he had debuted as a sideman decades before.

Later, Shearing played in a trio, as a soloist, and increasingly in a duo. Among his collaborations were sets with the Montgomery Brothers, Marian McPartland, Brian Q. Torff, Jim Hall, Hank Jones, Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen and Kenny Davern. In 1979, Shearing signed with Concord Records, and recorded for the label with Mel Tormé. This collaboration garnered Shearing and Tormé two Grammys, one in 1983 and another in 1984.

Shearing remained fit and active well into his later years and continued to perform, even after being honoured with an Ivor Novello Lifetime Achievement Award in 1993. He never forgot his native country and, in his last years, would split his year between living in New York and Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire, where he bought a house with his second wife, singer Ellie Geffert. This gave him the opportunity to tour the UK, giving concerts, often with Tormé, backed by the BBC Big Band. He was appointed OBE in 1996. In 2007, he was knighted. "So", he noted later, "the poor, blind kid from Battersea became Sir George Shearing. Now that's a fairy tale come true."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1992 when he was surprised by Michael Aspel while performing at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In 2004, he released his memoirs, Lullaby of Birdland, which was accompanied by a double-album "musical autobiography", Lullabies of Birdland. Shortly afterwards, however, he had a fall at his home and retired from regular performing.<ref name= "gobit">Template:Cite news</ref>

On 14 February 2011, Shearing died from heart failure at 91.<ref name="gobit" />

In October 2011, Derek Paravicini and jazz vocalist Frank Holder performed a tribute concert to the recordings of Shearing. Ann Odell transcribed the recordings and taught Paravicini the parts, as well as being the MD for the concerts. Lady Shearing also endorsed the show, sending a letter to be read out before the Watermill Jazz Club performance.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal life

Shearing was married to Trixie Bayes, with whom he had his only child Wendy, from 1941 to 1973. Two years after his divorce he married his second wife, the singer Ellie Geffert.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was a member of the Bohemian Club and often performed at the annual Bohemian Grove Encampments. He composed music for two of the Grove Plays.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Awards and honours

File:Pianist George Shearing Performing in the East Room during the Entertainment Portion of a State Dinner Honoring President Kekkonen of Finland - NARA - 12007062.jpg
Shearing performing for Gerald Ford and Urho Kekkonen, the president of Finland, on 3 August 1976

Discography

As leader

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As sideman

With Nat King Cole'

With Nancy Wilson

  • The Swingin's Mutual! (Capitol, 1961)
  • Hello Young Lovers (Capitol, 1962)
  • R.S.V.P. (Rare Songs, Very Personal) (MCG, 2004)
  • Guess Who I Saw Today (Capitol, 2005)

With others

Filmography

  • 2003: George Shearing – Jazz Legend
  • 2004: George Shearing: Lullaby of Birdland<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • 2004: Swing Era – George Shearing
  • 2004: Joe Williams with George Shearing: A Song is Born<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • 2005: Duo Featuring Neil Swainson

See also

References

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