Grand Slam (tennis)

The Grand Slam in tennis is the achievement of winning all four major championships in one discipline in a calendar year. In doubles, a Grand Slam may be achieved as a team or as an individual with different partners. Winning all four major championships consecutively but not within the same calendar year is referred to as a "non-calendar-year Grand Slam", while winning the four majors at any point during the course of a career is known as a "Career Grand Slam".<ref name="ITF">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="CGS">Template:Cite web</ref>

The term Grand Slam is also attributed to the Grand Slam tournaments, referred to as Grand Slams or Majors, and they are the world's four most important annual professional tennis tournaments. They offer the most ranking points, prize money, public and media attention, the greatest strength and size of the field and, in recent years, the longest matches for men (best of five sets, best of three for the women). The tournaments are overseen by the International Tennis Federation (ITF),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> rather than the separate men's and women's tour organizing bodies, the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and Women's Tennis Association (WTA), but both the ATP and WTA award ranking points based on players' performances in them.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref>

The four Grand Slam tournaments are the Australian Open in January, the French Open from late May to early June, Wimbledon in late June to early July, and the US Open in late August to early September, with each played over two weeks. The Australian and the US tournaments are played on hard courts, the French on clay court, and Wimbledon on grass court. Wimbledon is the oldest tournament, founded in 1877, followed by the US in 1881, the French in 1891 (major in 1925), and the Australian in 1905, but it was not until 1923 that all four were designated as "Official Championships".<ref name="ITFhistory">Template:Cite web</ref> Template:TOC limit

History

Template:OSM Location map With the growing popularity of tennis, and with the hopes of unifying the sport's rules internationally,<ref name="ITFhistory" /> the British and French tennis associations started discussions at their Davis Cup tie, and in October 1912 organized a meeting in Paris, joined by the Australasian, Austrian, Belgian, Spanish, and Swiss associations.Template:Sfn They subsequently formed the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF), holding their first meeting in 1913, joined by the Danish, German, Dutch, Russian, South African, and Swedish organizations.Template:Sfn Voting rights were divided based on the perceived importance of the individual countries, with Great Britain's Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) receiving the maximum six votes.Template:Sfn Three tournaments were established, being designated as "World Championships":

• World Grass Court Championships, played on grass courts.
• World Hard Court Championships, played on clay courts.
• World Covered Court Championships, played on an indoor wood surface.Template:Sfn

The LTA was given the perpetual right to organize the World Grass Court Championships, to be held at Wimbledon, and France received permission to stage the World Hard Court Championships until 1916.Template:Sfn Anthony Wilding of New Zealand won all three of these World Championships in 1913.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) expressed disagreement over the power distribution within the ILTF and the designation of "World Championship" status to the British and French tournaments, and thus initially refused to join the Federation, choosing instead to be bystanders to their meetings.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn By the 1920s, with the World Covered Court Championships failing to attract top players and the growing success of American and Australian tennis, the ILTF worked to convince the USNLTA to join them, meeting their demand to drop the designation of "World Championships" from all three tournaments in March 1923, which led to the demise of both the World Covered Court Championships and the World Hard Court Championships.Template:Sfn<ref name="Forgotten">Template:Cite web</ref> A new category of "Official Championships" was created for the national championships of Britain, France, Australia, and the US.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By the 1930s, these four tournaments had become well defined as the most prestigious in the sport.Template:Sfn

In 1933, Jack Crawford won the Australian, French, and Wimbledon Championships, leaving him just needing to win the last major event of the year, the U.S. Championships, to become the reigning champion of all four major tournaments,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> a feat described as "a grand slam" by sports columnist Alan J. Gould of The Reading Eagle,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and later that year by John Kieran of The New York Times, who stated that if Crawford won at Forest Hills it "would be something like scoring a grand slam on the courts, doubled and vulnerable."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="origins">Template:Cite web</ref> The term 'Grand Slam' originates from the card game contract bridge, where it is used for winning all possible tricks. In golf it was used for the first time to describe a total of four wins, specifically Bobby Jones' achievement of winning the four major golf tournaments of the era, which he accomplished in 1930.<ref name="origins" /> "Grand Slam" or "Slam" has since also become used to refer to the tournaments individually.<ref name=":0" /> The first player to win all four majors in a calendar year and thus complete a Grand Slam was Don Budge in 1938.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

At the time, only amateur players were allowed to participate in the Grand Slam and other ILTF-sanctioned tournaments.<ref name="TS1">Template:Cite web</ref> Amateur standing, regulated by the ILTF alongside its associated national federations, forbade players from receiving prize money, earning pay by teaching tennis, being contracted by promoters and playing paid exhibition matches, though expense payments were allowed along with certain monies from sporting goods companies or other benefactors.<ref name="TS1" /> Amateurs who "defected" to become professional were banned from competing in amateur tournaments and dropped from their national associations. The first major professional tour was established in 1926 by promoter C. C. Pyle with a troupe of American and French players, most notably Suzanne Lenglen, playing exhibition matches to paying audiences.<ref name="TS1" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Over the next decades many other head-to-head tours were run and professional tournaments established,Template:Sfn with three, the U.S. Pro Tennis Championships, French Pro Championship and Wembley Championships, standing out, and considered to have been the professional majors.<ref>Tennis Myth and Method (1978), Ellsworth Vines and Gene Vier (Template:ISBN), page 52</ref> By the 1950s, largely due to efforts of player/promoter Jack Kramer, this lucrative parallel circuit was luring in most of the star amateurs on the men's side, much to the ire of the ILTF and organizers of the Grand Slam tournaments.Template:Sfn It was an open secret that the top players who remained as amateurs were receiving undeclared under-the-table payments from tournament promoters, an arrangement tolerated by their national tennis associations to dissuade them from joining the pro ranks and secure their availability for the majors and Davis Cup. This system was derisively referred to as 'shamateurism'<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> that was seen as undermining the integrity of the sport.Template:Sfn Ramanathan Krishnan and Roy Emerson, for example declined large contract offers from the professional promoters, with the latter stating that he was better paid in the amateur circuit.<ref>McCauley, Joe (2000). The History of Professional Tennis. Windsor: The Short Run Book Company Limited. p. 136.</ref>

Tensions over this status quo, which had been building for decades, finally came to a head in 1967. The first tournament open to professional tennis players played on Centre Court at Wimbledon, the Wimbledon Pro, was staged by the All England Lawn Tennis Club in August,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> offering a prize fund of US$45,000.Template:Sfn The tournament was deemed very successful, with packed crowds and the play seen as being of higher quality than the amateur-only Wimbledon final held two weeks earlier.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Sfn This success in combination with large signings of top players to two new professional tours—World Championship Tennis and the National Tennis League—convinced the LTA on the need for open tennis.Template:Sfn After a British proposal for this at the annual ILTF meeting was voted down, the LTA revolted, and in its own annual meeting in December it voted overwhelmingly to admit players of all statuses to the 1968 Wimbledon Championships and other future tournaments in Britain, "come hell or high water".Template:Sfn The eventual backing of the USNLTA that came after a February 1968 vote forced the ILTF to yield and allow each nation to determine its own legislation regarding amateur and professional players, which it voted for in a special meeting in March 1968.<ref name="BritishOpen">Template:Cite web</ref> This marked the start of the Open Era of tennis,Template:Sfn with its first tournament, the 1968 British Hard Court Championships, beginning three weeks later on 22 April in Bournemouth, England,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> while the first open Grand Slam tournament, the 1968 French Open, was held in May.Template:Sfn

Even after the advent of the Open Era, players including John McEnroe and Chris Evert have pointed out that skipping the Australian Open was the norm because of the travelling distance involved and the inconvenient dates close to Christmas and New Year.<ref>Template:Cite episode</ref><ref name=Evertskip>Template:Cite web</ref> There were also the contracted professional players who had to skip some major events like the French Open in the 1970s because they were committed to the more profitable pro circuits.<ref name=Evertskip/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In one case, Australian players including Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall and Roy Emerson who had contracts with George MacCall's National Tennis League were prevented from participating in the 1970 Australian Open because the financial guarantees were deemed insufficient.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Although it has been possible to complete a Grand Slam in most years and most disciplines since 1925, it was not possible from 1940 to 1945 because of interruptions at Wimbledon, the Australian and French Championships due to World War II,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the years from 1970 to 1985 when there was no Australian tournament in mixed doubles,<ref name=USTAFinals>Template:Cite web</ref> 1986 when there was no Australian Open,<ref name=USTAFinals/> and 2020 when Wimbledon was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Tournaments

The Grand Slam of tennis comprises these four tournaments:

Event	Editions	Began	Venue	Surface	Draw sizes	Format	Deciding set rule	Date (2 weeks)	Prize money
Template:NowrapTemplate:Efn	Template:Sum	1905Template:Efn	Melbourne Park, Melbourne	HardTemplate:Efn	Men's & women's events 128: singles 64: doubles 32: mixed doubles 16: mixed doubles (US Open) 16: wheelchair singles 8: wheelchair doubles Junior events 64 singles, 32 doubles	Best of five sets: Men's singles Best of three sets: Women's singles Doubles events Wheelchair events Junior events	Template:Nowrap 7-point tiebreaker at 6–6 (1980–1982)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	12–26 Jan 2025	A$96,500,000<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
French OpenTemplate:Efn	Template:Sum	1925Template:Efn	Stade Roland Garros, Paris	Clay			10-point tiebreaker at 6–6 (since 2022)	25 May− 8 Jun 2025	€56,352,000<ref name="RGmoney" />
WimbledonTemplate:Efn	Template:Sum	1877Template:Efn	All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, London	Grass			Template:Nowrap, 7-point tiebreaker at 12–12 (2019–2021)	30 June– 13 Jul 2025	£53,550,000<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
US OpenTemplate:Efn	Template:Sum	1881Template:Efn	USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, New York	HardTemplate:Efn			10-point tiebreaker at 6–6 (since 2022), 7-point tiebreaker at 6–6 (1975–2021), Template:Nowrap	18 Aug− 7 Sep 2025	US$65,000,020<ref name="USmoney" />

Australian Open

File:Rod Laver Arena (8984015851).jpg

Rod Laver Arena, Melbourne Park.

The Australian Open is the first Grand Slam tournament of the year, played annually in late January and early February.Template:Efn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The inaugural edition took place in November 1905 on the grass courts of the Warehouseman's Cricket Ground in Melbourne, Australia. It was held as the Australasian Championships until 1927 and thereafter as the Australian Championships until the onset of the Open Era in 1969,<ref name="OfficialHist">Template:Cite web</ref> passing through various venues in Australia and New Zealand before settling at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club in Melbourne between 1972 and 1987.<ref name="TheAge">Template:Cite news</ref> Since 1988, it has been played on the hard courts of the Melbourne Park sports complex, which currently uses GreenSet as its court manufacturer.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Managed by Tennis Australia, formerly the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia (LTAA), the tournament struggled until the mid-1980s to attract the top international players due to its distance from Europe and America and proximity to the Christmas and holiday season,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but it has since grown to become one of the biggest sporting events in the Southern Hemisphere and the highest attended Grand Slam tournament, with more than 1,020,000 people attending the 2024 edition.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Nicknamed the "Happy Slam"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and billed as "the Grand Slam of Asia/Pacific",<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> it has become known for its modernity and innovation, being the first Grand Slam tournament to feature indoor play and install retractable roofs on its main courts,<ref name="Colebatch">Template:Cite news</ref> the first to schedule night-time men's singles finals,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the first to substitute electronic line calling for line judges, using an expanded version of the Hawk-Eye technology known as "Hawk-Eye Live".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The tournament was designated a major championship by the International Lawn Tennis Federation in 1923.<ref name=majorstatus>Template:Cite web</ref> Today its draw hosts 256 singles players, 128 doubles teams, and 32 mixed doubles teams, with the total prize money for the 2025 tournament being A$96,500,000.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

French Open

File:Roland Garros 2023 - court central - Zverev-Molcan 10.jpg

Court Philippe Chatrier, Stade Roland Garros.

The French Open, also known as Roland Garros,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> is the second Grand Slam tournament of the year, played annually in late May and early June.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A French championships closed event (restricted to members of French clubs)<ref name="Historypage"/> was first held in 1891 on the sand courts of the Societé de Sport de Île de Puteaux, in Puteaux, Île-de-France,Template:SfnTemplate:Efn and changed venues over the years. In 1925 the French championships became a Grand Slam event for the first time. It was open to all amateurs and since 1928 has been held on clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France.<ref name="Historypage">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The venue is named "Roland Garros" after the pioneering French aviator.<ref name="Historypage"/>

Organized by the Fédération française de tennis (FFT), formerly known as the Fédération Française de Lawn Tennis until 1976,<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref> the French Open is the only Grand Slam tournament played on a red clay surface.<ref name="garros-tournament">Template:Cite web</ref> It is generally considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The World Hard Court Championships was considered the premier clay championship in France from 1912–1923 (apart from one year held in Belgium) as it admitted international competitors, and it is therefore often seen as the true precursor to the French Open before 1925.<ref name=Forgotten/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The French championships was first held as an International Lawn Tennis Federation–sanctioned major championship in 1925.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Today, it has draws that host 256 singles players, 128 doubles teams and 32 mixed doubles teams, with the total prize money for the 2025 tournament being €56,352,000.<ref name="RGmoney">Template:Cite web</ref> The 2018 edition saw a record attendance of 480,575 spectators.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Wimbledon

File:Centre Court (26 June 2009, Wimbledon).jpg

Centre Court, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club.

The Wimbledon Championships, commonly known as Wimbledon,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> is the third Grand Slam tournament of the year, played annually in late June and early July.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It was first held in 1877 at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, at the time located off Nursery Road in Wimbledon, London, England.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The tournament has always been contested at this club, which moved to its present site off Church Road in 1922 in order to increase its attendance capacity.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Wimbledon is organized by a committee of management consisting of 19 members, with 12 being club members and the remaining seven nominated by the Lawn Tennis Association (LTA).<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As the world's oldest tennis event,<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> it is widely regarded as the most prestigious tennis tournament,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and it is known for its commitment to longstanding traditions and guidelines.<ref name="cnn">Template:Cite web</ref> It is one of few tournaments and the only Grand Slam event that is still played on grass courts,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> tennis's original surface, and where "lawn tennis" originated in the 1800s.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Players are required to wear all-white attire during matches,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and they are referred to as "Gentlemen" and "Ladies".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> There is also a tradition where the players are asked to bow or curtsy towards the Royal Box upon entering or leaving Centre Court when either the Prince of Wales or the monarch are present.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The tournament was given the title "World Grass Court Championships" by the International Lawn Tennis Federation between 1912 and 1923,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and was designated a major championship following the abolition of the three ILTF World Championships.<ref name=majorstatus/> Since 1937, the BBC has broadcast the tournament on television in the United Kingdom,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> with the finals shown live and in full on television in the country each year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The BBC's broadcast of the 1967 edition was among the first colour television broadcasts in the UK.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Today, the event has draws that host 256 singles players, 128 doubles teams and 32 mixed doubles teams, with the total prize money for the 2025 tournament being £53,500,000,<ref name="WBmoney">Template:Cite web</ref> and 500,397 people attending the 2019 edition.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> The tournament has some of the longest running sponsorships in sports history, having been associated with Slazenger since 1902,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and with the Robinsons fruit drink brand since 1935.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

US Open

File:Arthur Ashe Stadium with the roof closed (32938595438).jpg

Arthur Ashe Stadium, USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center.

The US Open is the fourth and final Grand Slam tournament of the year, played annually in late August and early September. It was first held in August 1881 on grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island, United States.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The tournament changed venues in its early years,<ref name="locations">Template:Cite web</ref> with each discipline continuing to be held separately at various venues until 1923, when the tournament settled at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, Queens, New York City.<ref name="locations" /> In 1978, it moved to the hardcourts of the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, Queens, where it has been contested ever since.<ref name=locations/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Organized by the United States Tennis Association (USTA),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> previously known as the United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) until 1920,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and as United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA) until 1975,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> it is the only Grand Slam tournament to have been played every year since its inception.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1997, Arthur Ashe Stadium, the largest tennis stadium in the world with a capacity of 23,771 spectators,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> was opened.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It is named after Arthur Ashe, the winner of the 1968 tournament—the first in which professionals were allowed to compete.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Over the years, the tournament has pioneered changes that other tournaments later adopted, including the introduction of a tiebreak system to decide the outcome of sets tied at 6–6 in 1970,Template:Sfn being the first Grand Slam tournament to award equal prize money to the men's and women's events in 1975,Template:Sfn the installation of floodlights in 1975 in order to allow matches to be played at night,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the introduction of instant replay reviews of line calls using the Hawk-Eye computer system in 2006.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

The ILTF officially designated it as a major tournament in 1923.Template:Sfn Today, the event has draws that host 256 singles players, 128 doubles teams and 32 mixed doubles teams, with the total prize money for the 2020 tournament being US$53,400,000,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and a US television viewership of 700,000.<ref name="viewership">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> From 2004–2023, the tournament was preceded by the US Open Series, composed of North American hardcourt professional tournaments that lead up to and culminate with the US Open itself.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The season was organized by the USTA as a way to focus more attention on American tennis tournaments by getting more of them on domestic television.<ref name="USmoney">Template:Cite web</ref>

Grand Slam

A Grand Slam (sometimes called a Calendar-year Grand Slam, Calendar Grand Slam, or Calendar Slam) is the achievement of winning the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and US Open in the same year.<ref name=CalendarESPN>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=CalendarSI>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name=CalendarEuro>Template:Cite web</ref> Margaret Court is the only player to complete a Grand Slam in two disciplines, singles and mixed doubles (twice), while wheelchair players Diede de Groot and Dylan Alcott have completed one in both the singles and doubles disciplines of their respective classes.<ref name="ITF"/>

The following is a list of players that achieved it.<ref name="ITF" />

• Don Budge, men's singles in 1938.
  Don Budge, men's singles in 1938.
• Maureen Connolly, women's singles in 1953.
  Maureen Connolly, women's singles in 1953.
• Rod Laver, men's singles in 1962 and 1969.
  Rod Laver, men's singles in 1962 and 1969.
• Margaret Court, women's singles in 1970.
  Margaret Court, women's singles in 1970.
• Steffi Graf, women's singles in 1988.
  Steffi Graf, women's singles in 1988.

Template:Legend inline	Template:Legend inline
Template:Legend inline	Template:Legend inline

{{#section:List of Grand Slam and related tennis records|Calendar Grand Slam}}

Current champions

Event		Australian Open	French Open	Wimbledon	US Open
		2025	2025	2025	2025
Singles	Men	Template:Flagicon Jannik Sinner	Template:Flagicon Carlos Alcaraz	Template:Flagicon Jannik Sinner	Template:Flagicon Carlos Alcaraz
	Women	Template:Flagicon Madison Keys	Template:Flagicon Coco Gauff	Template:Flagicon Iga Świątek	Template:Flagicon Aryna SabalenkaTemplate:Efn
Doubles	Men	Template:Flagicon Harri Heliövaara Template:Flagicon Henry Patten	Template:Flagicon Marcel Granollers Template:Flagicon Horacio Zeballos	Template:Flagicon Julian Cash Template:Flagicon Lloyd Glasspool	Template:Flagicon Marcel Granollers Template:Flagicon Horacio Zeballos
	Women	Template:Flagicon Kateřina Siniaková Template:Flagicon Taylor Townsend	Template:Flagicon Sara Errani Template:Flagicon Jasmine Paolini	Template:Flagicon Veronika KudermetovaTemplate:Efn Template:Flagicon Elise Mertens	Template:Flagicon Gabriela Dabrowski Template:Flagicon Erin Routliffe
	Mixed	Template:Flagicon Olivia Gadecki Template:Flagicon John Peers	Template:Flagicon Sara Errani Template:Flagicon Andrea Vavassori	Template:Flagicon Kateřina Siniaková Template:Flagicon Sem Verbeek	Template:Flagicon Sara Errani Template:Flagicon Andrea Vavassori
Wheelchair singles	Men	Template:Flagicon Alfie Hewett	Template:Flagicon Tokito Oda	Template:Flagicon Tokito Oda	Template:Flagicon Tokito Oda
	Women	Template:Flagicon Yui Kamiji	Template:Flagicon Yui Kamiji	Template:Flagicon Wang Ziying	Template:Flagicon Yui Kamiji
	Quad	Template:Flagicon Sam Schröder	Template:Flagicon Guy Sasson	Template:Flagicon Niels Vink	Template:Flagicon Niels Vink
Wheelchair doubles	Men	Template:Flagicon Alfie Hewett Template:Flagicon Gordon Reid	Template:Flagicon Alfie Hewett Template:Flagicon Gordon Reid	Template:Flagicon Martín de la Puente Template:Flagicon Ruben Spaargaren	Template:Flagicon Gustavo Fernández Template:Flagicon Tokito Oda
	Women	Template:Flagicon Li Xiaohui Template:Flagicon Wang Ziying	Template:Flagicon Yui Kamiji Template:Flagicon Kgothatso Montjane	Template:Flagicon Li Xiaohui Template:Flagicon Wang Ziying	Template:Flagicon Li Xiaohui Template:Flagicon Wang Ziying
	Quad	Template:Flagicon Andy Lapthorne Template:Flagicon Sam Schröder	Template:Flagicon Guy Sasson Template:Flagicon Niels Vink	Template:Flagicon Guy Sasson Template:Flagicon Niels Vink	Template:Flagicon Guy Sasson Template:Flagicon Niels Vink
Junior singles	Boys	Template:Flagicon Henry Bernet	Template:Flagicon Niels McDonald	Template:Flagicon Ivan Ivanov	Template:Flagicon Ivan Ivanov
	Girls	Template:Flagicon Wakana Sonobe	Template:Flagicon Lilli Tagger	Template:Flagicon Mia Pohánková	Template:Flagicon Jeline Vandromme
Junior doubles	Boys	Template:Flagicon Maxwell Exsted Template:Flagicon Jan Kumstát	Template:Flagicon Oskari Paldanius Template:Flagicon Alan Ważny	Template:Flagicon Oskari Paldanius Template:Flagicon Alan Ważny	Template:Flagicon Keaton Hance Template:Flagicon Jack Kennedy
	Girls	Template:Flagicon Annika Penickova Template:Flagicon Kristina Penickova	Template:Flagicon Eva Bennemann Template:Flagicon Sonja Zhenikhova	Template:Flagicon Kristina Penickova Template:Flagicon Vendula Valdmannová	Template:Flagicon Alena Kovačková Template:Flagicon Jana Kovačková
Junior wheelchair singles	Boys	Template:Flagicon Charlie Cooper	Template:Flagicon Maximilian Taucher	rowspan=4 Template:N/a	Template:Flagicon Maximilian Taucher
	Girls	Template:Flagicon Vitória Miranda	Template:Flagicon Vitória Miranda	Template:Flagicon Sabina Czauz
Junior wheelchair doubles	Boys	Template:Flagicon Luiz Calixto Template:Flagicon Charlie Cooper	Template:Flagicon Charlie Cooper Template:Flagicon Maximilian Taucher	Template:Flagicon Ruben Harris Template:Flagicon Maximilian Taucher
	Girls	Template:Flagicon Luna Gryp Template:Flagicon Vitória Miranda	Template:Flagicon Luna Gryp Template:Flagicon Vitória Miranda	Template:Flagicon Sabina Czauz Template:Flagicon Seira Matsuoka

Former champions

Per discipline

Template:Col-begin Template:Col-4 Professional

• Men's singles (Chronological)
• Women's singles (Chronological)
• Men's doubles
• Women's doubles
• Mixed doubles

Template:Col-4 Junior

• Boys' singles
• Girls' singles
• Boys' doubles
• Girls' doubles

Template:Col-4 Wheelchair

• Men's singles
• Women's singles
• Quad singles
• Men's doubles
• Women's doubles
• Quad doubles

Template:Col-4 Junior Wheelchair

• Boys' singles
• Girls' singles
• Boys' doubles
• Girls' doubles

Singles finals

• Men
• Women

Related concepts

Non-calendar-year Grand Slam

In 1982, the International Tennis Federation (ITF) began offering a $1 million bonus to any singles player to win the four majors consecutively regardless the tournaments order of winning them while the Men's International Professional Tennis Council, which was the governing body of men's professional tennis at the time, stated that 'Grand Slam' need not necessarily be won in the same year. This revision by the Council and reportedly the ITF<ref name=":chatrier">Template:Cite news</ref> was approved by the representatives of the four Grand Slam tournaments at Wimbledon.Template:Sfn<ref name=":2">Template:Cite news</ref> Neil Amdur and Allison Danzig of the New York Times both criticised the changed definition of the term Grand Slam,<ref name=":2" /> whereas in 1985 Hal Bock of Associated Press backed the change.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Despite newspaper reports claiming that ITF President Philippe Chatrier had said "the four big events no longer have to be won in the same calendar year for a player to be recognized as Grand Slam champion",<ref name=":chatrier" /> ITF General Secretary David Gray in a 1983 letter claimed that it was never the intention of ITF to alter anything regarding the definition of the classic Grand Slam:Template:Sfn

When Martina Navratilova won the 1984 French Open and became the reigning champion of all four women's singles discipline, she was the first player to receive the bonus prize in recognition of her achievement. Some media outlets said that she had won a Grand Slam.<ref name="people.com">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Curry Kirkpatrick of Sports Illustrated wrote "Whether the Slam was Grand or Bland or a commercial sham tainted with an asterisk the size of a tennis ball, Martina Navratilova finally did it."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

When Rafael Nadal was on the verge of completing a non-calendar-year Grand Slam at the 2011 Australian Open, one writer observed, "Most traditionalists insist that the 'Grand Slam' should refer only to winning all four titles in a calendar year, although the constitution of the International Tennis Federation, the sports governing body, spells out that 'players who hold all four of these titles at the same time achieve the Grand Slam'."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2012 the ambiguity was resolved, with the ITF's current constitution stating "The Grand Slam titles are the championships of Australia, France, the United States of America and Wimbledon. Players who hold all four of these titles in one calendar year achieve the 'Grand Slam'."<ref name="ITF" />

Combining the Grand Slam and the non-calendar-year Grand Slam, only eight singles players on 11 occasions achieved the feat of being the reigning champion of all four majors, three men (Don Budge, Rod Laver, Novak Djokovic)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and five women (Maureen Connolly, Margaret Court, Martina Navratilova, Steffi Graf, Serena Williams).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The following list is for those players who achieved a non-calendar-year Grand Slam by holding the four major titles at the same time but not in the calendar year.<ref name="ITF" /> Players who completed a Grand Slam within the same streak as a non-calendar-year Grand Slam are not included here.

• Martina Navratilova completed the feat in singles in 1984.
  Martina Navratilova completed the feat in singles in 1984.
• Steffi Graf completed the feat in singles in 1994.
  Steffi Graf completed the feat in singles in 1994.
• Serena Williams completed the feat in singles in 2003, 2015.
  Serena Williams completed the feat in singles in 2003, 2015.
• Novak Djokovic completed the feat in singles in 2016.
  Novak Djokovic completed the feat in singles in 2016.

Template:Legend inline	Template:Legend inline
Template:Legend inline	Template:Legend inline

{{#section:List of Grand Slam and related tennis records|NCYGS}}

Career Grand Slam

Template:For The career achievement of winning all four major championships in one discipline is termed a "Career Grand Slam", or "Career Slam".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In singles, eight men (Fred Perry, Don Budge, Roy Emerson, Rod Laver, Andre Agassi, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, and Novak Djokovic) and ten women (Maureen Connolly, Doris Hart, Shirley Fry Irvin, Margaret Court, Billie Jean King, Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, Steffi Graf, Serena Williams, and Maria Sharapova) have completed a Career Grand Slam.<ref name="CGS" /> Four men (Emerson, Laver, Djokovic, and Nadal) and five women (Court, Evert, Navratilova, Graf, Williams) have achieved the feat more than once over the course of their careers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":5">Template:Cite web</ref>

Only six players have completed a Career Grand Slam in both singles and doubles: one man (Roy Emerson) and five women (Margaret Court, Doris Hart, Shirley Fry Irvin, Martina Navratilova, and Serena Williams).

Number of players to complete the Career Grand Slam

Singles		Doubles			Wheelchair singles			Wheelchair doubles			Junior singles		Junior doubles
Men	Women	Men	Women	Mixed	Men	Women	Quad	Men	Women	Quad	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls
8	10	25	23	17	3	1	1	7	8	5	1	0	1	0

Boxed Set

A "Boxed Set" refers to winning one of every possible major title in the singles, doubles, and mixed doubles disciplines throughout a player's career.<ref name="CBS">Template:Cite news</ref> Only three players have completed a Boxed Set, all women: Doris Hart, Margaret Court, and Martina Navratilova.<ref name="BoxedSet">Template:Cite news</ref> Court's second Boxed Set, completed in 1969, spans the Amateur and Open Eras, but she later completed a set entirely within the Open Era in 1973.<ref name=":5" />

• The event at which the Boxed Set was completed indicated in bold.

Boxed Sets	Player	Age	Australian Open			French Open			Wimbledon			US Open
			S	D	X	S	D	X	S	D	X	S	D	X
2	Template:Flagicon Margaret Court	Template:Age	1960	1961	1963	1962	1964	1963	1963	1964	1963	1962	1963	1961
		Template:Age	1961	1962	1964	1964	1965	1964	1965	1969	1965	1965	1968	1962
1	Template:Flagicon Doris Hart	Template:Age	1949	1950	1949	1950	1948	1951	1951	1947	1951	1954	1951	1951
1	Template:Flagicon Martina Navratilova	Template:Age	1981	1980	2003	1982	1975	1974	1978	1976	1985	1983	1977	1985

Golden Slam

Template:Anchor The term "Golden Slam" (also known as "Golden Grand Slam",<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> "Calendar-year Golden Slam"<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> or "Calendar Golden Slam")<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> refers to the achievement of winning all four majors and the Olympic or Paralympic gold medal in a calendar year. The achievement was first established in 1988,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="tennis.com">Template:Cite web</ref> when Steffi Graf won all the aforementioned titles in singles. She is currently the only singles able-bodied player to achieve it,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> while Diede de Groot and Dylan Alcott also accomplished the feat, in wheelchair singles and wheelchair quad singles respectively.<ref name=CYSS>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

• Non-calendar-year Golden Slam: refers to the achievement of winning all four majors and the Olympic or Paralympic gold medal consecutively across two calendar years.<ref name="CBC" /> It has been used since 2013, when Bob and Mike Bryan won the aforementioned titles consecutively in doubles between 2012 and 2013.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Their achievement was also dubbed the "Golden Bryan Slam".<ref name="bryanslam">Template:Cite news</ref>

• Career Golden Slam: refers to the achievement of winning all four majors and the Olympic or Paralympic gold medal during their career. In singles three men (Andre Agassi, Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic) and two women (Steffi Graf and Serena Williams) have completed the Career Golden Slam.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="CBC">Template:Cite web</ref> Williams is currently the only able-bodied player to have achieved a Career Golden Slam in both singles and doubles.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Number of players to complete the Career Golden Slam

Singles		Doubles			Wheelchair singles			Wheelchair doubles			Junior singles		Junior doubles
Men	Women	Men	Women	Mixed	Men	Women	Quad	Men	Women	Quad	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls
3	2	6	7	0	2	1	1	6	7	4	0	0	0	0

Other concepts

• Super Slam: Combination of the Golden Slam and year-end championship title (ATP Finals for the men's tour, WTA Finals for the women's tour, and the Wheelchair Tennis Masters for the wheelchair tennis tour) in a calendar year,Template:Sfn also known as "Calendar-year Super Slam"<ref name=CYSS/> Diede de Groot is currently the only player to do so, in women's wheelchair singles in 2021.<ref name=CYSS/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Non-calendar-year Super Slam: refers to the achievement of winning all four majors, the Olympic or Paralympic gold medal, and the year-end championship consecutively across two calendar years.Template:Sfn Steffi Graf is currently the only one to achieve it, with her Golden Slam in 1988 following her victory at the year-end championship in 1987.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Career Super Slam: refers to the achievement of winning all four majors, the Olympic or Paralympic gold medal, and the year-end championship throughout a career. In singles two men (Andre Agassi and Novak Djokovic) and two women (Steffi Graf and Serena Williams) have completed the Career Super Slam.<ref name="Super3">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="Bleacher3">Template:Cite web</ref>

Number of players to complete the Career Super Slam

Singles		Doubles		Wheelchair singles			Wheelchair doubles
Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Quad	Men	Women	Quad
2	2	5	4	2	1	1	6	7	3

• Three-Quarter Slam: refers to the achievement of winning three of the four majors in a calendar year, missing out on the Grand Slam by only one title.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Number of players to complete the Three-Quarter Slam

Singles		Doubles			Wheelchair singles			Wheelchair doubles			Junior singles		Junior doubles
Men	Women	Men	Women	Mixed	Men	Women	Quad	Men	Women	Quad	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls
11	8	15	22	12	3	3	1	4	6	3	3	2	9	11

• Surface Slam: refers to the achievement of winning a major title on each of three different surfaces (currently clay, grass and hard courts) in a calendar year.<ref name="surfaces">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Bleacher Report3">Template:Cite news</ref> It's been possible since 1978, when the US Open changed its playing surface from clay to hard courts.Template:Sfn<ref name="Lacesout">Template:Cite web</ref> From 1978 to 1987, the Australian Open and Wimbledon were played on grass, the French Open on clay and the US Open on hard, but since 1988 the Australian Open has also been played on hard courts.<ref name="nyt2008">Template:Cite news</ref>

Number of players to complete the Surface Slam

Singles		Doubles			Wheelchair singles			Wheelchair doubles			Junior singles		Junior doubles
Men	Women	Men	Women	Mixed	Men	Women	Quad	Men	Women	Quad	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls
2	3	5	7	3	3	1	1	4	8	4	3	1	5	8

• Career Surface Slam: refers to the achievement of winning a major title on each of three surfaces (currently clay, grass and hard courts) throughout a career.<ref name="careersurface">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="August">Template:Cite news</ref> Only a handful of players were able to achieve it multiple times,<ref name="surfacealcaraz">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="ESsurfacetimes">Template:Cite web</ref> with Steffi Graf being the singles player that achieved it the most, winning on each surface at least 6 times.<ref name="careersurfacetimes">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="surfaceswiatek">Template:Cite web</ref>

• Channel Slam: refers to the achievement of winning both the French Open and Wimbledon in a calendar year.<ref name="Hindu" /> The name makes reference to the English Channel, the body of water separating France from the United Kingdom, the host countries of the French Open and Wimbledon.<ref name="Hindu" /> These tournaments are held clay and grass courts, respectively, surfaces very different from each other,<ref name="garros-tournament"/> usually being held a few weeks from each other,<ref name="Hindu">Template:Cite web</ref> meaning that players who have deep runs in the French Open have little time to adapt to the different surface conditions found at Wimbledon.<ref name="B/R">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Number of players to complete the Channel Slam

Singles		Doubles			Wheelchair singles			Wheelchair doubles			Junior singles		Junior doubles
Men	Women	Men	Women	Mixed	Men	Women	Quad	Men	Women	Quad	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls
13	10	29	34	18	3	1	2	5	8	6	10	7	15	19

Pro Slam

Before the start of the Open Era in 1968, only amateur players were allowed to compete in the four Grand Slam tournaments. Many male top players "went pro" in order to win prize money legally, competing on a professional world tour comprising completely separate events.Template:Sfn From 1927 to 1967, the three tournaments considered by many to have been the "majors" of the professional tour were:

• U.S. Pro Tennis Championships,
• French Pro Championship,
• Wembley Championships.Template:Sfn<ref name="RLee">Template:Cite journal</ref>

A player who won all three in a calendar year was considered retrospectively to have achieved a "Professional Grand Slam", or "Pro Slam".Template:Sfn<ref name="RLee" /> In the pre-open era the terms did not exist. The feat was accomplished by Ken Rosewall in 1963<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Rod Laver in 1967,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> while Ellsworth Vines, Hans Nüsslein and Don Budge have won the three major trophies during their careers.Template:Sfn The professional majors did not have a women's draw except for the Cleveland tournament in 1953, 1955, 1956, 1959.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>McCauley, P. 100</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

• List of Grand Slam and related tennis records
• Lists of tennis records and statistics
• Grand Slam (golf)

Bibliography

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External links

• Official website of the Australian Open
• Official website of the French Open
• Official website of Wimbledon
• Official website of the US Open
• All-time Grand Slam tournament winners – Reference book