Green Island, Taiwan
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Green Island, also known by other names, is a small volcanic island in the Pacific Ocean about Template:Convert off the eastern coast of the main island of Taiwan. It is Template:Convert at high tide and Template:Convert at low tide, making it the seventh-largest island in Taiwan. The island is administered as Template:Nowrap,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a rural township of Taitung County and one of the county's two insular townships (the other being Lanyu Township). The island once served as a penal colony for political prisoners during Taiwan's period of martial law, although today it is primarily known as a tourist hotspot.
Names
The island was known as Sama-Sana,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Samasana and as Template:Nowrap in the 19th and early 20th centuries, a transcription of its Amis name Sanasai.
The name "Green Island" is a calque of the island's Chinese name, written in Traditional Chinese as Template:Lang. It is also known as Lyudao, Lüdao or Template:Nowrap from the pinyin romanization of the name's Mandarin pronunciation; as Template:Nowrap<ref>Lu Tao Lighthouse</ref> from its Wade-Giles romanization; and as Template:Nowrap from its Hokkien pronunciation. The name was adopted by the Republic of China on August 1, 1949, at the behest of Huang Shih-hung Template:Nowrap, the magistrate of Taitung.
Before that, it was usually known as Template:Nowrap (or Huoshao), a calque of its original Chinese name Huǒshāo Dǎo (Template:Zh).
History
The island was originally inhabited by the aboriginal Amis people.
In March 1864 the British brig Susan Douglas was swept off course and wrecked on the island.<ref name=Takao>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Her captain then sailed by junk from the island to Kaohsiung,<ref name=Takao/> and the Royal Navy gunboat HMS Bustard found and rescued the remainder of the survivors.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In the early 1870s, William Campbell saw the island from aboard the Daphne, and wrote:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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We sighted also the Island of Samasana, which is thirty-four miles north of Botel Tobago, and fully fifteen miles east from the Formosan village of Po-song. Consul Swinhoe supposes that it is inhabited by fishermen of Luchuan origin; but Captain Belcher, of H.M.S. Samarang called there in 1845, and found the population to consist of about a hundred and fifty Chinese from the region of Amoy. They were then gathered into one village, and have greatly increased since that time.{{#if:|
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On 11 December 1937 the Dollar Steamship Company luxury ocean liner Template:SS ran aground in a typhoon on a reef at Zhongliao Bay.<ref name=CF>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> All 503 passengers and 330 crew survived and were safely brought ashore.<ref name=CF/> Over the next few days the cargo liners SS President McKinley and SS President Pierce took the survivors off the island, helped by boats provided by the Template:Ship and an Imperial Japanese Navy destroyer.<ref name=CF/> Dollar Lines sold President HooverTemplate:'s wreck to a Japanese salvage company, which spent the next three years breaking her up in situ.<ref name=CF/>
In response to the wreck, members of the US public gave money through the American Red Cross for a lighthouse to be built near Zhongliao village.<ref name=Takao/> Lyudao or Lüdao Lighthouse was designed by Japanese engineers, built by local islanders in 1938<ref name=Takao/> and is Template:Convert high.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>
A shipwreck of Dutch origin dating to the 19th century was found in June 2013.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Prisons
Green Island first served as an isolated spot and place of exile for political prisoners during the martial law period during the Kuomintang government, and especially in the White Terror. After their release, many of the prisoners jailed between the late 1940s and the late 1980s went on to establish the Democratic Progressive Party, most notably Shih Ming-teh. Writer and political dissident Bo Yang served his prison terms there.
During the 1950s, while National Taiwan University Hospital physicians Template:Ill, Template:Ill, and Template:Ill were held at Green Island, they established a clinic alongside others who had medical training, including Template:Ill, to treat other inmates, prison guards, and Green Island residents. As prisoners with medical backgrounds were released, the clinic shrank, then closed in 1960 with the departure of Hu Hsin-lin.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The place where most of the political prisoners (such as Shih Ming-teh) were held was "Green Island Lodge" (Template:Zh). "Oasis Village" was the main penal colony. The prison was later closed, and its interior is now open to the public. "Green Island Prison" (Template:Zh) is also on the island and has housed prisoners considered to be among Taiwan's most dangerous criminals and gangsters. However, this has changed in recent years.
Geography
The island is formed of volcanic tholeiite, andesite, and volcanic explosive fragments with an area of 15 km2.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The volcano erupted from the Pliocene to Pleistocene epochs and is part of the Luzon Volcanic Arc. Magma was formed by subduction of oceanic crust at a depth of about Template:Convert. The andesite rock contains some visible crystals of pyroxene or amphibole. The geochemistry of the rock shows it is enriched in potassium, strontium and rubidium and light rare earth elements. Chromium and nickel are depleted.<ref name=goc>Template:Cite book</ref>
Fauna
The island is a habitat for Formosan sika deer, Reeves's muntjacs, Ryukyu flying foxes, and resident and migratory birds.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Local population
In 1995 fewer than half of the registered 2,634 residents of the island actually lived on the island. The population is dwindling due to the difficulty of finding jobs on the island. The island has two pre-schools, one kindergarten, two elementary schools and one middle school. To pursue any education at the senior high school level or above, islanders must move to the main island of Taiwan. Public service centres include one seniors' home, one library, and one community centre.
The villages and the settlements (聚落) they administer are:
- Zhongliao Village (中寮村)
- Zhongliao
- Nanliao Village (南寮村)
- Nanliao (南寮)
- Yugang (漁港)
- Gongguan Village (公館村)
- Gongguan (公館)
- Chaikou (柴口)
- Liumagou (流麻溝)
- Dahu (大湖)
- Zuoping (左坪)
The following abandoned aboriginal tribal settlements also belong to Gongguan Village:
- Youzihu (柚子湖)
- Nanzihu (楠子湖)
- Haishenping (海參坪)
- Dabaisha (大白沙)
Power generation
The island is powered by its only diesel-fired power plant with a capacity of 29.1 MW, consisting of 28 units of generation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Tourist attractions
- Green Island Human Rights Culture Park
- Lüdao Lighthouse
- Green Island Dive Sites Recreational diving is popular for visitors. There are many dive sites that are established with walkways down to ocean About 150 meter Off Shilang, lies the biggest reef attraction 'Big Mushroom Coral' its height about 12m, width around 31m.
- Sika Deer Ecological Park
- Sleeping Beauty Rock
- Zhaori Hot Spring Sea water heated from the volcanic action rises to the surface next to coral reefs at 53 °C and pH7.5.
Transportation
Lüdao Airport provides flights to Taitung Airport in Taitung City. There are also ferries travelling from Nanliao Harbor to Fugang Fishery Harbor in Taitung City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Books
Green island is a subject in the following book:
See also
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
- Tourism Template:Webarchive (Chinese)
- Book Trips to Green Island here! (English)
Template:Taiwan Taitung divisions Template:Townships in Taiwan Template:Taiwan Outlying islands divisions Template:Authority control