List of islands of Taiwan

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Map of Taiwan

The islands comprising the Taiwan Area under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China (ROC) are classified into various island groups. The island of Taiwan, also known as Formosa, is the largest island and the main component of the ROC-controlled territories. Islands that are claimed by the ROC but not administered, including those administered by the People's Republic of China (PRC), and those disputed with other countries such as the Tiaoyutai Islands (Senkaku Islands) and most of the South China Sea Islands, are excluded from this list.

At the adoption of Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China in the 1990s, these islands collectively form the "Free area of the Republic of China" or known alternatively as "Taiwan Area", which legally defines the territorial extent under the actual control of the ROC government.

Some Taiwanese islands have various translations in English due to different systems of romanization in Chinese language in use, or derivation of differing linguistic origins from Mandarin, Hokkien, indigenous languages or other foreign languages. Some islands also have different names derived from particular historical periods which remain in use to this day.<ref name="twlsdt">Template:Cite book (Note: On pages 154 and 158, Baiyan is colored light green as is the rest of Kinmen County, excluding the Dadeng (Tateng) Islands. The islet is found in several other maps of Kinmen County (excluding the Dadeng Islands) included in the book.)</ref>

Archipelagos of Taiwan

There are in total of 168 islands which can be classified into the following geographical units:

Name Chinese Mandarin
(Pinyin)		 Taiwanese
(Pe̍h-ōe-jī)		 Hakka
(Pha̍k-fa-sṳ)		 Other name No. islands Major islands Division
Taiwan Template:Large Táiwān Tâi-oân Thòi-vàn Formosa 22 Taiwan, Orchid, Green, Lamay, Guishan Multiple
Penghu Template:Large Pénghú Phêⁿ-ô Phàng-fù Pescadores 90 Penghu, Xiyu, Baisha, Cimei, Wang'an Penghu County
Kinmen Template:Large Jīnmén Kim-mn̂g Kîm-mùn Quemoy numerous Kinmen, Lieyu, Dadan, Erdan Kinmen County
Matsu Template:Large Mǎzǔ Má-chó͘ Mâ-chú 36 Nangan, Beigan, Dongyin, Xiyin, Dongju, Xiju Lienchiang County
Wuqiu Template:Large Wūqiū O͘-khiu Vû-hiu Ockseu 2 Daqiu, Xiaoqiu Kinmen County
Tungsha/Dongsha Template:Large Dōngshā Tang-soa Tûng-sâ Pratas 1 Pratas Island Kaohsiung Municipality
Nansha Template:Large Nánshā Lâm-soa Nàm-sâ Spratly 2 Taiping Island, Zhongzhou Reef Kaohsiung Municipality

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List of major islands by area

List of Taiwanese islands with over 5 km2 of area.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Order Name Chinese Taiwanese Hakka Geographical unit Administrative Division Area (km²)
1 Taiwan Main Island/ Formosa Template:Large Tâi-oân pún-tó Thòi-vàn pún-tó Taiwan multiple 35,807.82
2 Kinmen Main Island Template:Large Kim-mn̂g pún-tó Kîm-mùn pún-tó Kinmen 4 townships Kinmen 134.25
3 Penghu Main Island Template:Large Phêⁿ-ô pún-tó Phàng-fù pún-tó Penghu Magong, Huxi Penghu 65.41
4 Orchid Island Template:Large Lân-sū Làn-yí Taiwan Lanyu Taitung 46.82
5 Xiyu Island Template:Large Sai-sū Sî-yí Penghu Xiyu Penghu 17.84
– Waisanding Shoal Template:Large Gōa-sòaⁿ-téng-chiu Ngoi-san táng-chû Taiwan Kouhu Yunlin 17.22
6 Green Island Template:Large Le̍k-tó Liu̍k-tó Taiwan Lüdao Taitung 15.09
7 Lesser Kinmen Island (Lieyu) Template:Large Sió-kim-mn̂g-tó Séu-kîm-mùn-tó Kinmen Lieyu Kinmen 14.85
8 Baisha Island Template:Large Pe̍h-soa-tó Pha̍k-sâ-tó Penghu Baisha Penghu 13.88
9 Nangan Island (Matsu) Template:Large Lâm-kan-tó Nàm-kôn-tó Matsu Nangan Lienchiang 10.43
10 Cimei/Qimei Island Template:Large Chhit-bí-tó Chhit-mî-yí Penghu Cimei Penghu 7.59
11 Lamay Island Template:Large Liû-khiû-sū Liù-khiù-yí Taiwan Liuqiu Pingtung 6.80
12 Wang'an Island Template:Large Bāng-oaⁿ-tó Mong-ôn-tó Penghu Wang'an Penghu 6.74
13 Beigan Island Template:Large Pak-kan-tó Pet-kôn-tó Matsu Beigan Lienchiang 6.44

List of islands by geographical unit

Taiwan proper

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Location map of outlying islands governed by Taiwan
Penghu Islands

Penghu/Pescadores

Kinmen/Quemoy

Kinmen County

<ref name="cga">Template:Cite map</ref><ref name="kinmenmap2017">Template:Cite map</ref><ref>Template:Cite map</ref><ref name="cihai">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Matsu Islands

<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite map}</ref><ref>Template:Cite map</ref>

Lienchiang County (Matsu Islands)

Wuqiu/Ockseu

<ref>Template:Cite map</ref>

South China Sea Islands

Map of various countries occupying the Spratly Islands

Disputed islands

The highly controversial sovereignty disputes over both the Japan-controlled Senkaku Islands and the South China Sea Islands (which are disputed and controlled by several countries) are complex with the disputed status of both Taiwan (the territories outlined in the 1951 Treaty of San Francisco) and the Republic of China (ROC) which controls Taiwan. As the ROC and the People's Republic of China (PRC) still compete their de jure claim as the sole legitimate government of the entire China, they effectively lay claim to the same extent of islands, including the South China Sea Islands and the Senkaku Islands, among others.<ref name="Legitimacy">Template:Cite book</ref> This makes these disputes multi-layered and therefore virtually impossible to solve by following the guidelines of international law.

The ROC maintains its historical claims to all of the South China Sea Islands.<ref>http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/3115.html Template:Webarchive Taiwan's Spratly Initiative in the South China Sea</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> They are also claimed by five other claimants, namely the PRC, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei. The islands within the Pratas and Spratly Islands which remain under the control of the ROC are assigned to Cijin District, Kaohsiung City, thus technically defining these islands to be part of the "Taiwan Area". The United Nations considers the South China Sea to be "international waters" and does not acknowledge any of the South China Sea Islands as "true islands". The acknowledgement of these islands as "true islands" is crucial because the definition of "islands" would justify the creation of an exclusive economic zone around them, which can be used to cut off international shipping lanes and to acquire natural resources such as oil which lie beneath the ocean.

Meanwhile, the Japanese-controlled Senkaku Islands<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> are claimed by the ROC as "Tiaoyutai Islands" within Toucheng Township, Yilan County<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and are considered to be part of geographic and provincial Taiwan by the ROC. The Senkaku Islands lie about 186 kilometres from the northeast of Taiwan Island, and situated roughly 330 kilometres from the east of mainland China. They form the westernmost extremity of the "Ryukyu Islands", which Japan administers as Okinawa Prefecture. The PRC also claims the Senkaku Islands as "Diaoyu Islands" as part of its claimed "Taiwan Province".

The PRC claims the islands of Taiwan and Penghu as part of its 23rd Taiwan Province, together with the Japanese-controlled Senkaku Islands (claimed as "Tiaoyutai Islands"), which are also claimed by the ROC as part of its own Taiwan Province. The PRC claims Kinmen as a county of the prefecture-level city Quanzhou, in Fujian Province. Matsu is claimed as part of Lianjiang County, part of Fuzhou, in Fujian Province. The Wuqiu islands are claimed as part of Xiuyu District, a district of the prefecture-level city Putian, in Fujian Province. Pratas Island is claimed as part of Chengqu in Shanwei (Swabue) Guangdong Province. The Nansha Islands controlled by the ROC, i.e. Taiping Island and Zhongzhou Reef, are claimed as part of Sansha, in Hainan Province. The PRC thus claims the ROC-controlled islands as part of its own Taiwan Province (Taiwan and Penghu), Fujian Province (Kinmen, Matsu, and Wuqiu), Guangdong Province (Dongsha) and Hainan Province (Nansha).

See also

References

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