Grey Turner's sign

Template:Infobox medical condition (new) Grey Turner's sign refers to bruising of the flanks, the part of the body between the last rib and the top of the hip. The bruising appears as a blue discoloration,<ref name=Cecil /> and is a sign of retroperitoneal hemorrhage, or bleeding behind the peritoneum, which is a lining of the abdominal cavity. Grey Turner's sign takes 24–48 hours to develop, and can predict a severe attack of acute pancreatitis.<ref name="pmid19332225">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Grey Turner's sign may occur when there is retroperitoneal hemorrhage or intramural bleeding that moves through fascial planes to the subcutaneous areas of the flanks which causes discoloration of the skin.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> This is commonly associated with severe intra-abdominal pathology such as severe acute pancreatitis. In acute pancreatitis, it can correlate with greater severity, more extensive retroperitoneal hemorrhage and worse prognosis.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Grey Turner's sign may be accompanied by Cullen's sign. Both signs may be indicative of pancreatic necrosis with retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal bleeding.

It may also be associated with a variety of other severe intra-abdominal conditions such as, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and peri-renal hematoma. <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Spontaneous abdominal wall hemorrhages caused by increased intra-abdominal pressure from severe coughing or other inciting events can potentially cause this sign.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> On visualization, it should prompt urgent evaluation for any possible causes of retroperitoneal bleeding sources. Recognition of this finding can be helpful to prevent unnecessary delay in diagnosis of an underlying cause of this unique hemorrhagic sign. This finding may also represent the need for more intensive care monitoring in severe clinical presentations.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Grey Turner's sign is named after British surgeon George Grey Turner.<ref name="Name" />

Causes

Causes include

• Acute pancreatitis, whereby methemalbumin formed from digested blood tracks subcutaneously around the abdomen from the inflamed pancreas.
• Pancreatic hemorrhage<ref name=Cecil />
• Retroperitoneal hemorrhage<ref name=Cecil />
• Blunt abdominal trauma
• Ruptured / hemorrhagic ectopic pregnancy.
• Spontaneous bleeding secondary to coagulopathy (congenital or acquired)
• Aortic rupture, from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm or other causes.<ref name=Cecil>Template:Cite book</ref>

History

It is named after British surgeon George Grey Turner.<ref name=Name>Template:WhoNamedIt</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>