Guillermo León Valencia

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Personal life

Valencia was born in Popayán, Cauca on April 27, 1909, to Colombian poet and politician Guillermo Valencia, and his wife Josefina Muñoz.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He attended highschool at the Colegio Champagnat<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in Bogotá and graduated in December 1946. On January 31, 1931 he married Susana López Navia, a 20-year-old secretary with whom he had four children: Pedro Felipe, Alma, Ignacio, and Diana.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Political career

Valencia was elected to the city council of Popayán and the Assembly of Cauca. Later he was also elected to the City Council of Bogotá and worked as diplomat for Colombia to the United Nations and was appointed Colombia's Ambassador to Spain by President Laureano Gómez Castro.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> In 1949 he was appointed by President Mariano Ospina Pérez as Colombian Minister of Foreign Affairs but declined the offer.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> However, four years later Valencia did accept the position and became Minister of Foreign Affairs on May 25, 1953, a post he held for the remainder of the administration of Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez until General Rojas Pinilla took over.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

During the transitional government of the Military Junta that took power after the coup d'état that deposed General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, Valencia was under consideration to succeed the Junta. However, the political accord between the political forces of the time (in pursuit of a transition from a dictatorship to a democratic process), specified that a member of the Colombian Liberal Party succeed the Junta Militar. Consequently, Valencia had to wait until the following election. Valencia was nominated by the Colombian Conservative Party as their candidate for the 1962 Colombian presidential election, facing the liberal Alfonso López Michelsen. Valencia won: 1,636,081 votes to 625,630.<ref name=":0">Template:Citation</ref>

Presidency

Valencia committed his administration to substantial economic and social reforms. On the economic front, he created the Junta Monetaria (Federal Reserve), doubled the production of electric power and promoted both oil drilling and the export of crude oil. In matters of social reform, his administration increased the national budget for education by 20%, and under the auspices of the government of the United States, launched the construction of Ciudad Kennedy, a project of 200,000 affordable homes for lower income citizens.

Valencia crushed several strikes.<ref name=":0" /> During his presidency, there was an industrial recession, inflation and rising unemployment.<ref name=":0" />

Valencia's administration faced three major political challenges. The first was from the Alianza Nacional Popular (ANAPO), led by former president Rojas Pinilla, which became the main rival to the coalition led by Valencia. The second was from guerilla groups in rural areas. The third was from dissident elements in the military.<ref name=":0" />