H. D. Deve Gowda

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Template:Indian nameHaradanahalli Doddegowda Deve Gowda (Template:Pronunciation; born 18 May 1933)<ref name="pmindia1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> is an Indian politician who served as the prime minister of India for nearly 11 months, from 1996 to 1997.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="www.britannica.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He previously served as the chief minister of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996 and as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the Lok Sabha. A member of the Janata Dal (Secular), he has been serving as the party's president since 1999 and has been an MP in the Rajya Sabha representing Karnataka since 2020.<ref name="janata.in">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Born in a family of farmers, Deve Gowda joined the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1953 and remained a member until 1962. He became president of the state unit of the Janata Dal in 1994 and was considered to be a driving force in the party's victory in Karnataka. He served as the chief minister of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996. In the 1996 general elections, no party won enough seats to form a government and Deve Gowda was elected to serve as prime minister as head of the United Front coalition.<ref name="m959">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="w849">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His premiership lasted for less than a year and he left office in April 1997. After his prime ministerial tenure, he was re-elected to the Lok Sabha as a Member of Parliament until his defeat in 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Deve Gowda was elected to the Rajya Sabha in 2020.

Early life and career

H. D. Deve Gowda was born on 18 May 1933 in Haradanahalli, a village in Holenarasipura Taluk, of the erstwhile Kingdom of Mysore (now in Hassan, Karnataka). His father Dodde Gowda was a paddy farmer and mother, Devamma was a home maker.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Gowda earned a diploma in civil engineering from L. V. Polytechnic, Hassan, in the early 1950s.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Deve Gowda and Manmohan Singh

Deve Gowda joined the Indian National Congress party in 1953 and remained a member until 1962. During that period, he was President of Anjaneya Cooperative Society of Holenarasipura and later became a member of the Taluk Development Board of Holenarasipura.

State politics (1962–1996)

In 1962, Deve Gowda was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Holenarasipura constituency as an independent candidate. Later, he was elected from the same constituency to the Assembly for six consecutive terms from 1962 to 1989. He joined the Congress (O) during the Congress split. He served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly from March 1972 to March 1976 and from November 1976 to December 1977.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During the Emergency in the 1970s, he was imprisoned in the Bangalore Central Jail.

Later, Deve Gowda served as the two-time president of the state unit of the Janata Party. He served as a minister in the Janata Party Government in Karnataka headed by Ramakrishna Hegde from 1983 to 1988. When V.P. Singh joined Janata Dal, Subramanian Swamy formed Janata Party (Jaya Prakash) faction, and Deve Gowda joined him to become Janata Party (JP)'s Karnataka President. He was later defeated from Holenarasipur in 1989, and soon later rejoined Janata Dal.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He became president of the state unit of the Janata Dal in 1994 and led the party to victory in the 1994 State Assembly elections. He was elected from the Ramanagara, and sworn in as the 14th Chief Minister of Karnataka in December.

As chief minister, Gowda toured Switzerland and attended the Forum of International Economists. His tour to Singapore brought in foreign investment to the State.<ref name="pmindia1"/> He resigned from the position to serve as prime minister following his appointment in 1996.

Primership (1996–1997)

Template:See also

Following the 1996 general elections, P. V. Narasimha Rao government was defeated with no other party winning enough seats to form a government.

H. D. Deve Gowda taking the oath of office as India's 11th Prime Minister on 1 June 1996

When the United Front (a conglomeration of non-Congress and non-BJP regional parties) decided to form the Government at the Centre with the support of the Congress and CPI(M), Deve Gowda was unexpectedly chosen to head the government after V. P. Singh and Jyoti Basu declined.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was sworn-in as the 11th Prime Minister of India in June 1996 and was elected to the Rajya Sabha in September 1996 during his tenure as prime minister.<ref name="janata.in"/> During his tenure, he served as the Home Minister and as the Chairman of the Steering Committee of the United Front, the policy-making committee consisting of other coalition party leaders.<ref name="janata.in"/> He is credited for providing financial closure and kickstarting development of the Delhi Metro Project.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He left office on 21 April 1997<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> after the Congress revoked its support for Gowda amidst discontent over communication between the coalition and the Congress. It compromised to support a new government under I. K. Gujral, who served as the prime minister from 21 April 1997 to 19 March 1998.

Post-premiership (1997–present)

Template:Refimprove-BLP

Devegowda Template:Circa

He was defeated in the 1999 general elections.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was elected president of the Janata Dal (Secular) the same year.

The 2004 Karnataka state elections witnessed the revival of his party's fortunes under the leadership of Siddaramaiah with the Janata Dal (Secular) winning 58 seats and becoming a part of the ruling coalition in the state. Later, the party joined with the BJP and formed another government in 2006. Deve Gowda's son, H. D. Kumaraswamy, headed the BJP-JD(S) coalition government in the state for 20 months.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The alliance was defeated in 2008. B. S. Yediyurappa was elected as the Chief Minister of Karnataka.<ref name="Oneindia News">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref> Deve Gowda verbally abused Yediyurappa.<ref name="abuse1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="abuse3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This event was termed as a "new low in Indian politics".<ref name="abuse4">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Deve Gowda later apologised for hurling abuse at him.<ref name="abuse2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Deve Gowda expelled Siddaramaiah and CM Ibrahim from the JD(S) in 2005.<ref name="Ahinda1">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Ahinda2">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Ahinda3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="The Hindu">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Later, both Siddaramaiah and CM Ibrahim joined the Indian National Congress,<ref name="Siddaramaiah joins Congress">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which won the 2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, with Siddaramaiah being elected as the Chief Minister of Karnataka.<ref name="NDTV.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Deve Gowda contested the 2019 general elections against G. S. Basavaraj in Tumkur Lok Sabha constituency of Karnataka. G. S. Basavaraj, BJP candidate of Tumkur Constituency won against Deve Gowda by a margin of 13,339 votes. G. S. Basavaraj polled 596,127 votes while Deve Gowda got 582,788 votes.<ref name="Siddaramaiah sworn in as Karnataka Chief Minister">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He has been elected to Rajya Sabha.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Personal life

He married Chennamma in 1954. They have six children together: four sons, including politicians H. D. Revanna and H. D. Kumaraswamy, who is a former Chief Minister of Karnataka, and two daughters.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He is the father-in-law of politician Anitha Kumaraswamy and grandfather of actor Nikhil Kumaraswamy, politicians Prajwal Revanna and Suraj Revanna.

In 2025, Gowda was hospitalised in Bengaluru after he developed urinary tract infection.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Electoral history

Legislative Assembly Elections
Year Constituency Party Result Votes Opposition Candidate Opposition Party Opposition votes Ref
1962 Holenarasipur IND Template:Won 12,622 H. D. Doddegowda INC 7,338 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

1967 Holenarasipur IND Template:Won 20,594 H. D. Doddegowda INC 12,191 <ref name="elections.in"/>
1972 Holenarasipur INC(O) Template:Won 26,639 K. Kumaraswamy INC 20,475 <ref name="elections.in"/>
1978 Holenarasipur JNP Template:Won 33,992 K. Kumaraswamy INC 28,472 <ref name="elections.in"/>
1983 Holenarasipur JNP Template:Won 37,239 K. Kumaraswamy INC 28,158 <ref name="elections.in"/>
1985 Holenarasipur JNP Template:Won 41,230 G. Puttaswamy Gowda IND 38,063 <ref name="elections.in"/>
1985 Sathanur JNP Template:Won 45,612 D. K. Shivakumar INC 29,809 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

1989 Holenarasipur JNP Template:Lost 45,461 G. Puttaswamy Gowda INC 53,297 <ref name="elections.in"/>
1994 Ramanagara JD Template:Won 47,986 C. M. Lingappa INC 38,392 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Parliament Elections
Year Constituency Party Result Votes Opposition Candidate Opposition Party Opposition votes Ref
1991 Hassan JNP Template:Won 2,60,761 H. C. Srikantaiah INC 2,57,570 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

1998 Hassan JD Template:Won 3,36,407 H. C. Srikantaiah INC 3,04,753 <ref name="elections.in hassan"/>
1999 Hassan JD(S) Template:Lost 2,56,587 G. Putta Swamy Gowda INC 3,98,344 <ref name="elections.in hassan"/>
2002
(bypoll)		 Kanakapura JD(S) Template:Won 5,81,709 D. K. Shivakumar INC 5,29,133 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

2004 Hassan JD(S) Template:Won 4,62,625 H. C. Srikantaiah INC 2,72,320 <ref name="elections.in hassan"/>
2004 Kanakapura JD(S) Template:Lost 4,62,320 Tejashwini Sreeramesh INC 2,72,320 <ref>2004 General Election eci.gov.in Template:Dead link</ref>
2009 Hassan JD(S) Template:Won 4,96,429 K. H. Hanume Gowda BJP 2,05,316 <ref name="elections.in hassan"/>
2014 Hassan JD(S) Template:Won 5,09,841 A. Manju INC 4,09,379 <ref name="elections.in hassan"/>
2019 Tumkur JD(S) Template:Lost 5,82,788 G. S. Basavaraj BJP 5,96,127 citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Positions held

Positions Held by Shri H.D. Devegowda
Year Position Description
1962–1989 Member, Karnataka Legislative Assembly Seven terms
1972–1976 Leader of Opposition, Karnataka Legislative Assembly
1983–1989 Minister, Public Works and Irrigation, Government of Karnataka
1985–1989 Chairman, Public Accounts Committee, Karnataka Legislative Assembly
1991–1994 Member, Tenth Lok Sabha First term
1991–1994 Member, Committee on Commerce
1991–1994 Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee on Fertilizers
1991–1994 Member, Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Agriculture
1993–1994 Member, Karnataka Legislative Assembly
1994–1996 Chief Minister, Government of Karnataka
June 1996–April 1997 Prime Minister of India In charge of multiple Ministries/Departments including
Petroleum and Chemicals, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions,
Atomic Energy, Home Affairs, Agriculture, Food Processing Industries,
Urban Affairs, Employment, and Non-Conventional Energy Sources.
Sept. 1996 Elected to Rajya Sabha First term
Nov. 1996–April 1997 Leader of the House, Rajya Sabha
1998–1999 Member, Twelfth Lok Sabha Second term
2002–2004 Member, Thirteenth Lok Sabha Elected in bye-election, third term
2004–2009 Member, Fourteenth Lok Sabha Fourth term
Aug. 2006–2008 Member, Committee on Railways
2009–2014 Member, Fifteenth Lok Sabha Fifth term
Aug. 2009 Member, Committee on Defence
May 2014–2019 Member, Sixteenth Lok Sabha Sixth term
Sept. 2014–May 2019 Member, Committee on Defence
Sept. 2014–May 2019 Member, Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Urban Development, Housing, and Urban Poverty Alleviation
June 2020 Elected to Rajya Sabha Second term
July 2020–Sept. 2022 Member, Committee on Railways
Sept. 2022–June 2024 Member, Committee on Water Resources
Sept. 2022–Oct. 2024 onwards Member, Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer's Welfare
Sept. 2024 onwards Member, Committee on Rural Development and Panchayati Raj

See also

References

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