HMAS Nizam (G38)
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Australian English
Template:Infobox ship imageTemplate:Infobox ship careerTemplate:Infobox ship characteristicsHMAS Nizam (G38/D15) was an N-class destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). The destroyer, named after Osman Ali Khan, the last Nizam of Hyderabad, was commissioned into the RAN in 1940, although the ship remained the property of the Royal Navy for her entire career.
Nizam spent the early part of her service in the Atlantic, then was reassigned to the Mediterranean, where she was involved in the Crete and Syria-Lebanon Campaigns, the Tobruk Ferry Service, and the Malta Convoys. During 1942, the destroyer was involved in Operation Vigorous and the Madagascar Campaign. The next year saw the ship involved in patrols of the Indian and South Atlantic oceans, searching for German ships and submarines, and rescuing the survivors of U-boat attacks. After returning to Australia for a refit at the end of 1944, ten sailors were washed overboard in February 1945, with none ever seen again. The rest of World War II was spent operating in the Philippines and New Guinea regions.
After returning to Australia in late 1945, Nizam was decommissioned and returned to the Royal Navy. The ship was not returned to active service, and was broken up for scrap in 1956.
Design and construction
The N-class destroyer had a displacement of 1,773 tons at standard load, and 2,554 tons at full load.<ref name=Cassells65>Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 65</ref> Nizam was Template:Convert long overall and Template:Convert long between perpendiculars, had a beam of Template:Convert, and a maximum draught of Template:Convert.<ref name=Cassells65/> Propulsion was provided by Admiralty 3-drum boilers connected to Parsons geared steam turbines, which provided 40,000 shaft horsepower to the ship's two propellers.<ref name=Cassells66>Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 66</ref> Nizam was capable of reaching Template:Convert.<ref name=Cassells65/> The ship's company consisted of 226 officers and sailors.<ref name=Cassells66/>
The ship's armament consisted of six 4.7-inch QF Mark XII guns in three twin mounts, a single 4-inch QF Mark V gun, a 2-pounder 4-barrel Pom Pom, four 0.5-inch machine guns, four 20 mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns, four .303 Lewis machine guns, ten 21-inch torpedo tubes in two Pentad mounts, and a complement of depth charges.<ref name=Cassells65.6>Cassells, The Destroyers, pp. 65–6</ref><ref name=RAN/>
HMAS Nizam was laid down by John Brown and Company, Limited, at Clydebank in Scotland on 27 July 1939.<ref name=Cassells66/> She was launched by the wife of Sir Holberry Mensforth, a director of John Brown, on 4 July 1940.<ref name=Cassells66/> The ship was commissioned on 19 December 1940; an error in a file at Navy Office caused some sources to incorrectly record the commissioning date as 8 January 1941.<ref>Cassells, The Destroyers, pgs 66, 239</ref> Although commissioned into the RAN, the destroyer was on loan from the Royal Navy.<ref name=Cassells66/> HMAS Nizam was paid for<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and named after Sir Osman Ali Khan, The Last Nizam of Hyderabad.<ref name=Cassells65/>
Operational history
After completing sea trials, Nizam was assigned to Scapa Flow, where she was assigned to fleet duties, then retasked as an escort for convoys crossing the Atlantic.<ref name=Cassells66/> In April 1941, the destroyer joined a convoy sailing to Gibraltar, then sailed around Africa to meet the troop transports Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth, which Nizam helped escort to Alexandria.<ref name=Cassells66/> Around the same time, all watchkeeping sailors staged a mutiny in response to alterations to watchkeeping and messing arrangements by locking themselves into their messdeck compartments.<ref name=FrameBaker154>Frame & Baker, Mutiny, p. 154</ref> Following mediation between the sailors and the officers, the captain agreed to restore the original arrangements and decided not to charge the sailors, after which the watchkeepers returned to duty.<ref name=FrameBaker154/>
On 21 May, Nizam participated in the shelling of Scarpanto, then became involved in the Battle of Crete.<ref name=Cassells66/> The destroyer transported commandos from Alexandria to Suda Bay, and returned with wounded.<ref name=RAN>Royal Australian Navy, HMAS Nizam</ref> When the campaign turned for the worse, Nizam and Template:HMAS made two evacuation runs to ferry troops from the island to Alexandria.<ref name=RAN/> Following the unsuccessful campaign, Nizam was assigned to the Syria-Lebanon Campaign for three weeks, then retasked to the Tobruk Ferry Service, a force of British and Australian warships making supply runs to the Allied forces under siege in Tobruk.<ref name=Cassells66/> Nizam made fourteen runs before receiving damage on 14 September; a near-miss from a bomb cracked oil pumps, and the destroyer was towed away from the area by the destroyer Template:HMS, then was able to make temporary repairs and reach Alexandria.<ref name=Cassells66/>
After repairs were completed, Nizam spent the rest of 1941 escorting Malta Convoys, on bombardment operations in north Africa, and transporting troops to Cyprus and Haifa.<ref name=Cassells66/> On 21 October 1941 Nizam was part of a convoy which came under Stuka dive bomber attack while evacuating Australian infantry Rats of Tobruk to Alexandria. Twenty fully kitted troops were swept overboard during evasion manoeuvres, six being lost at sea and never recovered.
At the start of 1942, Nizam and her sister ship, Template:HMAS sailed for Singapore to join Template:HMAS as escort for the aircraft carrier Template:HMS.<ref name=Cassells66/> In June, the N class ships joined the escort of a large convoy to Malta, during which Nestor was sunk by aircraft.<ref name=Cassells66/> Nizam and her sisters were assigned to the Madagascar Campaign during September.<ref name=Cassells66/> On 22 September, Nizam was assigned to Durban to patrol for Vichy French merchant ships, capturing one and forcing another to scuttle during the week spent in this role.<ref name=Cassells66/> The destroyer then sailed to Simon's Town in South Africa for a refit, which lasted until the end of the year.<ref name=Cassells66/>
After refitting, Nizam was attached to the British Eastern Fleet, and participated in sweeps of the Indian Ocean for enemy ships.<ref name=Cassells66/> She was then reassigned to the South Atlantic for shipping protection.<ref name=Cassells66/> On 13 July 1943, the destroyer rescued survivors from an American liberty ship sunk by Template:GS.<ref name=Cassells66/> On 31 July, Nizam rescued survivors from a British merchant ship sunk by Template:GS.<ref name=Cassells66/> After delivering the British survivors ashore, Nizam made for Australia, and docked in Melbourne on 18 August for an eight-week refit.<ref name=Cassells66/> The ship returned to operations in the Indian Ocean, and on 17 October was unsuccessfully fired on by a German U-boat.<ref name=Cassells66/> Between late 1943 and early 1944, the destroyer was based in Kenya, then was transferred on 8 March to the Bay of Bengal.<ref name=Cassells67>Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 67</ref> During her time based here, Nizam participated in Operation Cockpit, a carrier air raid on Japanese assets in south-east Asia.<ref name=Cassells67/> In November, the destroyer sailed to Melbourne for another refit.<ref name=Cassells67/> In a tragedy which harked back to that of 21 October 1941, on 11 February 1945, while crossing the Great Australian Bight in poor weather after the refit, Nizam was hit by a freak wave which caused the ship to roll almost eighty degrees to port, and washed ten sailors overboard, none of whom were ever seen again.<ref name=Cassells67/>
During 1945, Nizam was assigned to the Philippines and New Guinea theatres as part of the British Pacific Fleet, during which, her pennant number was changed from G38 to D15.<ref>Cassells, The Destroyers, pgs. 65, 67</ref> On 15 August 1945, Nizam received orders to cease hostilities; shortly after this, the ship was attacked by a Japanese fighter, which was shot down.<ref name=Cassells67/> Nizam was present in Tokyo Bay for the Japanese surrender, and served as duty destroyer on 2 September, the day the Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed.<ref name=Cassells67/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The destroyer left for Australia on 24 September.<ref name=Cassells67/>
Nizam earned seven battle honours for her wartime service: "Malta Convoys 1941–42", "Crete 1941", "Libya 1941", "Mediterranean 1941", "Indian Ocean 1942–44", "Pacific 1943", and "Okinawa 1945".<ref name=newhonours>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=honourslist>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Decommissioning and fate
Nizam was decommissioned on 17 October 1945 and returned to the Royal Navy; her ship's company transferred to Template:HMAS, and the N-class destroyer was temporarily recommissioned as HMS Nizam for the voyage to England.<ref name=Cassells67/> The ship was not returned to active service and was passed to the British Iron & Steel Corporation in 1955 who allocated her to Thos. W. Ward for scrapping at their yard in Grays.<ref name="English">Template:Cite book</ref>
Citations
References
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