HMAS Quiberon (G81)

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HMAS Quiberon (G81/D20/D281/F03) was a Q-class destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Although built for the Royal Navy and remaining British property until 1950, Quiberon was one of two Q-class destroyers commissioned into the RAN during World War II. She was passed into full RAN ownership in 1950, and converted into an anti-submarine frigate.

Design and construction

Template:Main Quiberon was one of eight Q-class destroyers constructed as a flotilla under the War Emergency Programme.<ref name=Cassells95>Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 95</ref> These ships had a standard displacement of 1,705 tons, and a deep load displacement of 2,424 tons.<ref name=Cassells95/> Quiberon was Template:Convert long overall, and Template:Convert long between perpendiculars, with a beam of Template:Convert.<ref name=Cassells95/> Propulsion was provided by two Admiralty 3-drum boilers connected to Parsons Impulse turbines, which generated Template:Convert for the propeller shafts.<ref name=Cassells96>Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 96</ref> Quiberon achieved a maximum speed of Template:Convert during full-power trials.<ref name=Cassells96/> At Template:Convert, she had a range of only Template:Convert, but could travel Template:Convert at Template:Convert.<ref name=Cassells96/> The ship's company consisted of 8 officers and 181 sailors.<ref name=Cassells96/>

The ship's main armament consisted of four QF 4.7 inch Mk IX guns in single turrets.<ref name=Cassells96/> This was supplemented by a quadruple 2-pounder pom-pom, and six 20 mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns. Four depth-charge throwers were fitted, with a payload of 70 charges carried, and two quadruple 21-inch torpedo tube sets were fitted, although a maximum of eight torpedoes were carried.<ref name=Cassells96/>

Quiberon was laid down by J. Samuel White and Company at their shipyard in Cowes, on the Isle of Wight, on 14 October 1940.<ref name=Cassells96/> She was launched on 31 January 1942 by the wife of Rear Admiral S. D. Tillard, Flag Officer in Charge, Southampton.<ref name=Cassells96/> Quiberon was commissioned into the RAN on 6 July 1942.<ref name=Cassells96/> Although commissioned as an Australian ship, the destroyer initially remained the property of the Royal Navy.<ref name=Cassells96/> The ship was named after the Battle of Quiberon Bay, which occurred in 1759.<ref name=Cassells95/>

Operational history

World War II

Quiberon first served on North Atlantic convoy escort duty, operating out of Scapa Flow.<ref name=Cassells96/> She was assigned to support the Allied landings in North Africa in October 1942.<ref name=Cassells96/> On 28 November, Quiberon attacked and sank the Italian submarine Template:Ship off the Tunisian coast.<ref name=Cassells96/> After this, the destroyer was assigned to "Force Q", which was based at Bône and consisted of three cruisers and two other Q-class destroyers.<ref name=Cassells96/>

Battle of Skerki Bank

Around midnight on 1 December, Force Q located and attacked an Italian convoy of four merchant ships and escorting destroyers about Template:Convert to the north of Cape Bon.<ref name=Cassells96/><ref>Gill, Royal Australian Navy, 1942–1945, pp. 201–202</ref> All four supply ships, carrying mostly troops and munitions, were sunk, and at 01:35 on 2 December Quiberon fired the final shot into the Italian torpedo boat Template:Ship which was part of the escort of another convoy.<ref name=Cassells96/> While returning to port, sister ship Template:HMS was torpedoed by a German aircraft: Quiberon evacuated most of the other destroyer's personnel.<ref name=Cassells96/> On 21 December, Quiberon rescued survivors from the passenger vessel Strathallen.<ref name=Cassells96/>

Indian Ocean and Pacific service

Quiberon in 1945

In January 1943, the destroyer escorted a convoy from England to Cape Town, then made for Victoria, Australia for refit.<ref name=Cassells96/> After work was completed, Quiberon was assigned to the British Eastern Fleet, primarily as a convoy escort across the Indian Ocean. In July 1943, the ship rescued survivors from Template:SS, that was sunk by U-boat U-177.<ref name=Cassells96/> In April 1944, the destroyer was part of the carrier escort screen during Operation Cockpit, then again in May for Operation Transom: air raids against Japanese forces occupying the Dutch East Indies.<ref name=Cassells96/> After a brief refit in Melbourne, Quiberon resumed operations with the Eastern Fleet in August.<ref name=Cassells96/> In October, she took part in a series of fleet bombardments of the Japanese-held Nicobar Islands.<ref name=Cassells96/> In mid December, Quiberon was reassigned to Australian waters as a convoy escort and anti-submarine patrol vessel.<ref name=Cassells96/> During early 1945, the destroyer was attached to the British Pacific Fleet.<ref name=Cassells96/> Operating from Manus Island, Quiberon took part in operations in support of the American seizure of Okinawa and attacks on the Japanese home islands.<ref name=Cassells96/>

Immediate post-war service

At the end of World War II, Quiberon was present at the Allied reoccupation of Singapore, and spent the period until February 1946 operating in the East Indies to help reestablish Dutch control, move troops, and repatriate prisoners-of-war.<ref name=Cassells97>Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 97</ref> The ship received eight battle honours for her wartime service: "Mediterranean 1942", "North Africa 1942–43", "Atlantic 1943", "Indian Ocean 1943–44", "East Indies 1944", "Pacific 1945", "Okinawa 1945", and "Japan 1945".<ref name=newhonours>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=honourslist>Template:Cite web</ref> Between 1946 and 1948, Quiberon was deployed with the British Commonwealth Occupation Force on three occasions.<ref name=Cassells97/>

Frigate conversion

QuiberonTemplate:'s post-conversion configuration.

In early 1950, the decision was made to convert all five Q-class destroyers in RAN service (three more had been acquired after World War II) to anti-submarine warfare frigates, similar to the Type 15 frigate conversions performed on several War Emergency Programme destroyers of the RN.<ref name=Coop168>Cooper, in Stevens, The Royal Australian Navy, p. 168</ref> A proposal was made by the Australian government to pay for the upgrade to the five on-loan vessels, at the predicted cost of AU£400,000 each.<ref name=Coop168/> Instead, the British Admiralty presented the ships to the RAN on 1 June as gifts.<ref name=Coop168/><ref name=Bas316>Bastock, Australia's Ships of War, p. 316</ref> The conversions were part of an overall plan to improve the anti-submarine warfare capability of the RAN, although Quiberon and the other ships were only a 'stopgap' measure until purpose-built ASW frigates could be constructed.<ref name=Dono67>Donohue, From Empire Defence to the Long Haul, p. 67</ref>

Quiberon paid off on 15 May 1950 for conversion at Cockatoo Island Dockyard and Garden Island Dockyard in Sydney. She was recommissioned on 18 December 1957.<ref>Cassells, The Destroyers, pp. 97–8</ref>

Post-conversion service

Quiberon served in the Far East with the Commonwealth Strategic Reserve and as a unit of the Australian Fleet on the Australia Station.<ref name=gillet182>Gillett & Graham, Warships of Australia, p. 182</ref> The frigate made a port visit to Burma in 1959; the last RAN vessel to do so until Template:HMAS in 2014.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In October 1962 Quiberon together with HMAS Queenborough rescued 25 survivors from the Panamaian merchant steamer Kawi, which sank after being caught in a storm in the South China Sea. In December 1962, again with HMAS Queenborough, HMAS Quiberon rescued the crew of the SS Tuscany, which had run aground on a reef in the South China Sea.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Decommissioning and fate

Quiberon paid off to reserve on 26 June 1964. She was sold for scrap to the Fujita Salvage Company Limited of Osaka, Japan on 15 February 1972, and left Sydney under tow on 10 April 1972.<ref>Gillett & Graham, Warships of Australia, p. 183</ref>

References

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