HMAS Waller
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates
Template:Infobox ship imageTemplate:Infobox ship careerTemplate:Infobox ship characteristicsHMAS Waller (SSG 75) is the third of six Collins-class submarines operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).
Named for Captain Hector Waller, the boat was laid down in 1992, and launched in 1997. Despite the RAN initially refusing to accept the submarine for service, Waller has demonstrated the capabilities of the Collins class against surface and submarine targets during several international war-games.<ref name=YW295.6/><ref name=Thompson26.8/><ref name=Sherman/>
Construction
Waller was laid down by Australian Submarine Corporation (ASC) on 19 March 1992, launched on 14 March 1997, and commissioned into the RAN on 10 July 1999.<ref name=Wertheim18/> During sea trials, the number of problems and defects with Waller were significantly fewer that with the previous two submarines, indicating that problems with earlier submarines were being fixed in the latter boats during construction.<ref name=YW234>Yule & Woolner, The Collins Class Submarine Story, p. 234</ref>
Despite this, the RAN initially refused to accept Waller into service until all defects in the submarine were repaired, unlike Collins and Farncomb, which had been provisionally accepted while defects were fixed.<ref>Yule & Woolner, The Collins Class Submarine Story, pp. 271–2</ref> Although ASC believed that all problems with Waller had been rectified, the Defence Acquisition Organisation refused to accept the boat.<ref name=YW272>Yule & Woolner, The Collins Class Submarine Story, p. 272</ref> In response, ASC began to charge the Australian Government A$100,000 a day over contract for the delays.<ref name=YW272/> Despite legal opinion being that ASC did not have the right to make that claim, the Government eventually paid half of what was claimed.<ref>Yule & Woolner, The Collins Class Submarine Story, pp. 272–3</ref>
Waller was named for Captain Hector Waller, who commanded the five-ship 'Scrap Iron Flotilla' from 1940 to 1941, then commanded the cruiser Template:HMAS until his death and the ship's loss on 1 March 1942 during the Battle of Sunda Strait.<ref>Yule & Woolner, The Collins Class Submarine Story, p. 340</ref>
Characteristics
Template:See also The Collins class is an enlarged version of the Kockums Västergötland class submarine.<ref name=WoolnerChange7>Woolner, Procuring Change, p. 7</ref> At Template:Convert in length, with a beam of Template:Convert and a waterline depth of Template:Convert, displacing 3,051 tonnes when surfaced, and 3,353 tonnes when submerged, they are the largest conventionally powered submarines in the world.<ref name=Wertheim18>Wertheirm (ed.), Combat Fleets of the World, p. 18</ref><ref name=Jones244>Jones, in The Royal Australian Navy, p. 244</ref> The hull is constructed from high-tensile micro-alloy steel, and are covered in a skin of anechoic tiles to minimise detection by sonar.<ref name=YW165.74>Yule & Woolner, The Collins Class Submarine Story, pp. 165–74</ref><ref name=JDW070893>‘Built in Australia’ Collins rolls out, Jane's Defence Weekly</ref> The depth that they can dive to is classified: most sources claim that it is over Template:Convert,<ref name=Wertheim19>Wertheirm (ed.), Combat Fleets of the World, p. 19</ref><ref name=Grazebrook>Grazebrook, RAN prepares for Collins class</ref>
The submarine is armed with six Template:Convert torpedo tubes, and carry a standard payload of 22 torpedoes: originally a mix of Gould Mark 48 Mod 4 torpedoes and UGM-84C Sub-Harpoon, with the Mark 48s later upgraded to the Mod 7 Common Broadband Advanced Sonar System (CBASS) version.<ref name=Wertheim18/><ref name=SPGmedia>SSK Collins Class (Type 471) Attack Submarine, naval-technology.com</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">Heavyweight Torpedo – Mark 48, United States Navy Fact File</ref>
Each submarine is equipped with three Garden Island-Hedemora HV V18b/15Ub (VB210) 18-cylinder diesel engines, which are each connected to a 1,400 kW, 440-volt DC Jeumont-Schneider generator.<ref name=Wertheim18/><ref name=SPGmedia/> The electricity generated is stored in batteries, then supplied to a single Jeumont-Schneider DC motor, which provides 7,200 shaft horsepower to a single, seven-bladed, Template:Convert diameter skewback propeller.<ref name=Wertheim18/><ref name=GrazebrookDU>Grazebrook, Collins class comes up Down Under</ref> The Collins class has a speed of Template:Convert when surfaced and at snorkel depth, and can reach Template:Convert underwater.<ref name=Wertheim18/> The submarines have a range of Template:Convert at Template:Convert when surfaced, Template:Convert at Template:Convert at snorkel depth.<ref name=Wertheim18/> When submerged completely, a Collins-class submarine can travel Template:Convert at maximum speed, or Template:Convert at Template:Convert.<ref name=Wertheim18/> Each boat has an endurance of 70 days.<ref name=Wertheim18/>
Operational history
In 1999, Waller reportedly operated in the International Force East Timor (INTERFET) together with a second Collins-class boat providing escorts for transport ships and monitoring Indonesian communications.<ref name="SMH07">Hyland, Arms race' leaving our subs all at sea</ref> Waller had overtly docked in Darwin during the international naval buildup in September shortly before the Force sailed to East Timor.<ref name="SMH07"/><ref name="SMH99">McDonald, Into Dili's darkness</ref>
In late May 2000, Waller became the first Australian submarine to operate as a fully integrated component of a United States Navy carrier battle group during wargames.<ref name=YW295.6>Yule & Woolner, The Collins Class Submarine Story, pp. 295–6</ref> Waller’s role was to search for and engage opposing submarines hunting the aircraft carrier Template:USS, a role in which she performed better than expected.<ref name=YW295.6/> A few days later, as part of the RIMPAC 2000 exercise, Waller was assigned to act as an 'enemy' submarine, and was reported to have successfully engaged two USN nuclear submarines before coming into attacking range of Abraham Lincoln.<ref name=Thompson26.8/> Waller performed similarly during the Operation Tandem Thrust wargames in 2001, when she 'sank' two USN amphibious assault ships in waters just over Template:Convert deep; although the submarine was 'destroyed' herself later in the exercise.<ref name=Thompson26.8>Thompson, Lessons not learned, pp. 26–8</ref>
During a multinational exercise in September 2003, which was attended by Waller and sister boat Rankin, Waller successfully "sank" a Los Angeles-class nuclear submarine, prompting claims from the USN that diesel submarines like the Collins class are one of the major threats facing modern navies.<ref name=Sherman>Sherman Aussie Collins-Class Sub "Sinks" US Boat</ref>
In 2006, the Mark 48 torpedoes carried by the Collins class were upgraded to the Mod 7 Common Broadband Advanced Sonar System (CBASS) version, which had been jointly developed with the United States Navy.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Waller was the first vessel of either navy to fire an armed version of the torpedo, sinking the decommissioned Spruance-class destroyer Template:USS on 16 July 2008, during RIMPAC 08.<ref>McPhedran, Torpedoed – Collins Class submarine sinks US ship</ref><ref>Haney, WashingtonWatch</ref>
In early 2009, battery problems aboard Waller forced the submarine to undergo emergency maintenance.<ref name=McPhedran300>McPhedran, $330m for sub-standard subs</ref> This, combined with other factors affecting Waller’s sister boats, left Template:HMAS as the only operational submarine in Australian service as of mid-2009.<ref name=McPhedran300/> The boat was returned to service during the end of the year, but maintenance delays and malfunctions aboard other submarines during early 2010, meant that Waller was the only fully operational submarine during February and March 2010.<ref name=Oakes2sub>Oakes, Two subs out of action for 9 years</ref>
Waller was undergoing deep maintenance during 2012, and was due to return to service in 2013.<ref name="NN-06-12-12">Template:Cite news</ref>
On 27 February 2014, a fire broke out aboard the submarine while she was surfaced off the Western Australian coast.<ref name=WroeFire>Template:Cite news</ref> The fire was extinguished by those aboard, and there were no injuries, although four personnel who fought the fire directly were taken ashore for medical observation.<ref name=WroeFire/> Waller was docked for repairs, which were due to be completed by the end of 2015, with the submarine returning to full operational status in mid-2016.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Waller was damaged by two fires in an auxiliary machine space on 8 April 2021. At the time the submarine was alongside at HMAS Stirling. Repairs were completed in September 2021.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In June 2022, Vice-Admiral Michael Noonan smuggled a civilian on board, his girlfriend, for an overnight trip and proposed marriage to her.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Citations
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