HMS Arab (1901)
Template:Other ships Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English
Template:Infobox ship imageTemplate:Infobox ship careerTemplate:Infobox ship characteristicsHMS Arab (1896 to 1897 Programme) was a Template:Sclass2 torpedo boat destroyer of the British Royal Navy. She was laid down by J & G Thomson at Clydebank and completed by John Brown & Company who took over the yard.
Construction and design
As part of the 1896–1897 construction programme for the Royal Navy, the British Admiralty placed orders for thirty torpedo boat destroyers. Of these ships, 17 were required to meet the standard contract speed of Template:Convert, while the remaining three destroyers, with one each ordered from Laird, Thornycroft and J & G Thomson, were required to reach higher speeds, with Thomson's and Thornycroft's designs (built as Arab and Template:HMS) contracted for Template:Convert while Laird's ship, Template:HMS, had a speed of Template:Convert specified.<ref name="Fried p53">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="Lyon p23">Template:Harvnb</ref>
Arab was Template:Convert long overall, with a beam of Template:Convert and a draught of Template:Convert. She displaced Template:Convert light and Template:Convert full load.<ref name="Lyon p28">Template:Harvnb</ref> Four coal-fed Normand boilers, with four funnels, fed two triple expansion steam engines rated at Template:Convert which drove two propeller shafts.<ref name="Lyon p28">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="brassey12 p247">Template:Harvnb</ref> Sufficient coal was carried to give a range of Template:Convert at Template:Convert.<ref name="Fried p292">Template:Harvnb</ref>
She carried the specified armament for the thirty-knotters of a QF 12-pounder 12 cwt (Template:Convert calibre) gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), with a secondary armament of five 6-pounder guns, and two 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.<ref name="Lyon p98-9">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="Fried p40">Template:Harvnb</ref> While the ship carried the same armament as normal thirty-knotter destroyers, the more powerful engines needed more coal and hence more stokers were needed to feed the coal to the engines, with ArabTemplate:'s crew being 69 officers and men, compared to 63 for thirty-knotters built by Thomsons.<ref name="Lyon p106">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="Fried p292"/><ref name="Manning p41,6">Template:Harvnb</ref>
Construction work on Arab was delayed owing to problems during the sea trials of the thirty-knotter destroyers built by Thomsons under the 1895–1896 programme, which required significant modification to reach the required speed.<ref name="Lyon p23,67">Template:Harvnb</ref> Arab was finally laid down on 5 March 1900 and launched on 9 February 1901.<ref name="Lyon p28"/> Arab ran 9 trials between 11 March and 27 May 1901, but like the other two high-speed destroyers ordered under the 1896–1897 programme, failed to meet the contracted speed, with the maximum speed reached only Template:Convert. She was delivered to the Royal Navy on 20 October 1902, with the Admiralty imposing a £3000 penalty owing to the ships failure to meet contract speed, the final price paid being £63,642.<ref name="Lyon p29">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="Fried p58">Template:Harvnb</ref>
Service
Arab served in home waters for the whole of her career.<ref name="Lyon p29"/> She was commissioned at Portsmouth by Commander Hubert Brand on 12 January 1903, to relieve the HMS Success as senior officer′s ship in the Portsmouth Instructional Flotilla.<ref>Template:Cite newspaper The Times</ref> Arab was refitted in 1908, having her boilers retubed.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 1910, Arab was part of the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla at Devonport, serving as part of that flotilla until 1912.<ref name="nmm">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyers were to be grouped into classes designated by letters based on contract speed and appearance. Four-funneled, 30-knotter destroyers were grouped as the Template:Sclass2, and Arab was assigned to this class.<ref name="Conway06 p18">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="Manning p17-8">Template:Harvnb</ref> By March 1913, Arab, still based at Devonport, was part of the Seventh Destroyer Flotilla, one of four flotillas equipped with old destroyers and torpedo boats for patrol purposes.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Following the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, the Seventh Flotilla moved to the East coast of England.<ref name="manning p15-6">Template:Harvnb</ref> In November 1914 Arab was transferred to Scapa Flow as one of a force of 29 destroyers used for local patrols of this vital naval base.<ref name="nmm"/><ref name="Manning p27">Template:Harvnb</ref> In April 1917, the German submarine Template:SMU carried a series of attacks on shipping between Bergen in Norway and Lerwick in Shetland. U-30 sank five ships on 13 April, and sank another, Template:SS by gunfire on the morning of 14 April. The crew of the Norwegian merchant ship SS Rondane, sailing astern of Fjeldi, abandoned ship on seeing the attack, but Arab managed to force U-30 to submerge before the submarine could attack Rondane, allowing the Norwegian ship's crew to reboard her.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> On 7 July 1917, Arab was part of the escort of a Norway-bound convoy when a submarine was spotted. The yacht Amalthaea and whaler Pilot Whale opened fire on the submarine, while Arab attacked with depth charges, driving the submarine away from the convoy.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> On 19 July 1917, Arab and the destroyer Template:HMS were escorting an east-bound convoy on the Scandinavian (Lerwick–Norway) route, when the convoy came under attack by the German submarine Template:SMU, which sank the Danish steamer Template:SS. Arab successfully rescued the 19-strong crew of the merchant ship.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name=Harrildsborg>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Arab remained based at Scapa until January 1918,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> but then transferred to the Firth of Forth as part of the Methil Convoy Flotilla.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> By May 1918, Arab transferred to the Seventh Flotilla, based on the Humber,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> remaining there until the end of the war.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Arab was sold for scrap on 23 July 1919.<ref name="dittmar p57">Template:Harvnb</ref>
Pennant numbers
| Pennant number<ref name="dittmar p57"/> | Date |
|---|---|
| D01 | 1914 |
| D77 | September 1915 |
| D05 | January 1918 |
| H.08 | April 1918 |