Harpswell, Maine

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Harpswell is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States, on Casco Bay in the Gulf of Maine. The population was 5,031 at the 2020 census.<ref name="Census 2020">Template:Cite web</ref>

Harpswell is composed of land contiguous with the rest of Cumberland County, called Harpswell Neck, as well as three large islands connected by bridges: Sebascodegan Island (locally known as Great Island), Orr's Island, and Bailey Island. Ninety-five smaller islands are within Harpswell's municipal borders.<ref name="Ingram">Template:Cite web</ref>

As of 2022, Harpswell had the highest number of active lobstering licenses in the state of Maine, at just over 250 in all.<ref name="Battista">Template:Cite news</ref>

Geography

Harpswell is part of the Portland-South Portland metropolitan area as defined by the United States Census Bureau.<ref name="Reporter">Template:Cite web</ref>

According to the Census Bureau, Harpswell has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert is water.<ref name ="Gazetteer files">Template:Cite web</ref> Harpswell has about Template:Convert of coastline.<ref>Harpswell Maine Business Association: Including Bailey Island, Orr’s Island and Cundy’s Harbor www.harpswellmaine.org, accessed August 6, 2020</ref>

The town is crossed by state routes 24 and 123. It is bordered by the town of Brunswick to the north, and is separated by the New Meadows River from West Bath to the northeast and Phippsburg to the east.

History

The Native Americans who originally inhabited Harpswell were Abenaki. The Abenaki name for Harpswell Neck, then called West Harpswell, was Merriconeag or "quick carrying place", a reference to the narrow peninsula's easy portage. The Abenaki name for Great Island was Erascohegan or Sebascodiggin,<ref>"History of Harpswell, Maine", from A Gazetteer of the State of Maine, by Geo. J. Varney. Published by B. B. Russell, 57 Cornhill, Boston, 1886 [1]</ref> which became by the late 1800s Sebascodegan Island.

King James I awarded lands in present day Maine, including Casco Bay, in August 1622 to Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason, with Gorges and his cousin Thomas Gorges overseeing the award of land patents to settlers and other claimants.<ref name="Garcelon">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1632, Thomas Purchase and George Way received a grant for Harpswell Neck,<ref name="Beard">Template:Cite web</ref> with Purchase already operating a trading post and fish salting operation on the Androscoggin River north of the peninsula.<ref name="Wheeler">Template:Cite book</ref>

As early as 1639, Francis Small of Kittery established a trading post at Sebascodegan Island under a commission from Kittery merchant Nicholas Shapleigh, who obtained land there via a deed with local Abenaki leaders.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

After an Abenaki raid on his house during King Philip's War, Purchase abandoned his settlement and Boston merchant Richard Wharton acquired it in 1684 from the Abenaki. After Wharton's death, his heirs sold the land in 1714 to a group called the Pejepscot Proprietors.<ref name="Wharton">Template:Cite web</ref>

Amid the continuing threat of Abenaki raids during an extended period of tensions in the early 18th century, attempts to settle the area were abandoned until after Dummer's War. The Treaty of 1725 brought a truce, and by 1731 many settlers had returned.<ref name=Coolidge>Template:Cite book</ref>

Formerly a part of North Yarmouth, in 1758 the town was incorporated by the Massachusetts General Court and named for Harpswell in Lincolnshire, England.<ref name="MAGDE">Template:Cite book</ref> Industries included farming, fishing and shipbuilding.

During the American Revolution, Harpswell farmer and mill owner Nathaniel Purinton organized a crew to attack a British privateer operating in the Casco Bay region, while serving as a lieutenant colonel of the Second Cumberland County Regiment.<ref name="Purington">Template:Cite news</ref> Sailing the 14-ton schooner America, Purinton intercepted the British gunboat Picaroon and captured it and a prize vessel Picaroon had taken.<ref name="Picaroon">Template:Cite web</ref>

During the 19th century, Harpswell became a significant shipbuilding center on Casco Bay, including a shipyard operated by George Skolfield which built the 1,200-ton barque John L. Dimmock.<ref name="Hackett">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="HUB">Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1867, what was at the time the largest tide mill in Maine began operation, with water at high tide dammed at Basin Cove to power a grist mill as water was released during ebb tides. The mill operated until 1885, with the capacity to mill 50,000 bushels of grain annually.<ref name="Carlton">Template:Cite web</ref> As many as 15 tide mills were built in Harpswell.<ref name="TMI">Template:Cite web</ref>

Arctic explorer Robert Peary purchased Sawungun Island off Harpswell Neck in 1881,<ref name="NHLC">Template:Cite web</ref> and renamed it Eagle Island as his permanent home. The island is open to the public as the Eagle Island State Historic Site.<ref name="BPL">Template:Cite web</ref>

Also in 1881, the Casco Bay Steamboat Co. initiated Harpswell Line ferry service from Portland to Harpswell, including stops at Bailey and Orr's islands. In 1907, separate ferry lines were merged to create the Casco Bay and Harpswell Steamboat Co., a predecessor company to Casco Bay Lines.<ref name="Legere">Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1891, the Maine Legislature approved Harpswell's annexation of Ragged Island from Phippsburg.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

After decades of interest on the part of Bailey Island residents, the Maine Legislature approved funding for a bridge to Orr's Island, with construction taking place in 1927 and 1928 under Llewelyn N. Edwards, bridge engineer for the Maine State Highway Commission. The Bailey Island Bridge today is a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.<ref name="stackingstones">Template:Cite journal</ref>

In June 1941, an excursion boat embarked from Harpswell for Monhegan Island with 34 people aboard.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Don was lost at sea with no survivors, and no conclusive evidence of what mishap it encountered.<ref name="Griffin">Template:Cite web</ref> Given the large numbers aboard the 44-foot cabin cruiser, an investigation cited capsize in heavy swells as one possibility.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The U.S. Navy chose Harpswell for a jet fuel depot on the western shore to supply nearby Naval Air Station Brunswick via pipeline, with construction starting in 1953 for what would eventually become a 14-tank facility on 120 acres.<ref name="Mitchell">Template:Cite news</ref> In 2001, the federal government transferred the property to the town, which removed tanks and other infrastructure to create a public park.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

A pair of January 2024 storms damaged more than half the docks and piers in Harpswell, with some completely destroyed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Demographics

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File:The Bridge to South Harpswell, ME.jpg
The causeway to Potts Point in 1914

2010 census

As of the census<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">Template:Cite web</ref> of 2010, there were 4,740 people, 2,218 households, and 1,450 families living in the town. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 4,208 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the town was 97.7% White, 0.1% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 2,218 households, of which 19.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.6% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.53.

The median age in the town was 52.9 years. 15% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.9% were from 25 to 44; 37.5% were from 45 to 64; and 25.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

2000 census

As of the census<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> of 2000, there were 5,239 people, 2,340 households, and 1,532 families living in the town. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 3,701 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the town was 97.94% White, 0.25% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.32% of the population.

There were 2,340 households, out of which 24.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.69.

File:East Shore of Ragged Island, Harpswell, ME.jpg
Ragged Island c. 1920

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.6% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 31.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,611, and the median income for a family was $45,119. Males had a median income of $34,167 versus $30,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $30,433. About 3.3% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over.

Fire, EMS, police

Fire protection services are provided in Harpswell by three unique and nonrelated volunteer fire departments. All three departments provide EMS services and operate ambulances. A town contracted paramedic is stationed 24/7 at the town hall.

  • Harpswell Neck Fire Department
  • Orr's and Bailey Island Fire Department
  • Cundy's Harbor Fire Department

Law enforcement services are provided by the Cumberland County Sheriff's Office.

Education

Public schools in the area are operated by Maine School Administrative District 75. During the 2010–2011 school year, Harpswell residents voted to close the West Harpswell School, one of the town's two K–5 elementary schools. Beginning in 2011–2012, West Harpswell students were bused to the Harpswell Islands School that saved the town approximately $200,000 a year.<ref>Harpswell votes to close one of its elementary schools Portland Press Herald, February 1, 2011</ref> In September 2013, Harpswell Coastal Academy, a charter school serving grades 6–12 opened in the old West Harpswell School. There is a private preschool, the Harpswell Nature School, residing within the Elijah Kellogg Church (not religiously affiliated) that was established in 2003 under the name Harpswell Community Nursery School, with four teachers and twenty-four students ages 3–5.

Sites of interest

  • The Bailey Island Bridge, thought to be the only cribstone bridge in the world;
  • Cundy's Harbor, a historic coastal village on an East Harpswell peninsula near the mouth of the New Meadows River;
  • The Eagle Island State Historic Site, summer home of Admiral Robert Peary;
  • The Giant's Stairs (also known as "The Giant's Steps"), a coastal rock formation on Bailey Island resembling a large flight of stairs;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • The Harpswell Historical Society Museum and the adjacent Harpswell Cattle Pound;
  • Land's End, a rocky beach at the tip of Bailey Island;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Mackerel Cove, a scenic working harbor on Bailey Island;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • The Maine Lobsterman, a bronze statue at Land's End from a cast commissioned for the 1939 World's Fair;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • The Nubble, an often-photographed bait shack on Bailey Island with buoys of local lobstermen on display;<ref name="Nubble">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Ragged Island, the summer home of poet Edna St. Vincent Millay;
  • Two World War II-era fire control towers near the southern tip of Bailey Island.

Harpswell islands

Major islands

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Minor islands<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

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  • Barnes Island
  • Ben Island
  • Big Hen Island
  • Birch Island
  • Bombazine Island
  • Bragdon Island
  • Center Island
  • Crow Island
  • Doughty Island<ref name="Doughty">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Eagle Island
  • East Brown Cow Island
  • Elm Islands
  • Flash Island
  • Gallows Island
  • George Island
  • The Goslings
  • Great Mark Island
  • Haskell Island
  • Hen Island
  • Hopkins Island
  • Horse Island
  • Irony Island
  • Jacquish Island
  • Jenny Island
  • Little Birch Island
  • Little Island
  • Little Mark Island
  • Little Snow Island
  • Little Whaleboat Island
  • Little Yarmouth Island
  • Long Island
  • Long Point Island
  • Lower Goose Island
  • Mark Island
  • Oak Island
  • Pinkham Island
  • Pole Island
  • Pond Island
  • Ragged Island
  • Ram Island
  • Raspberry Island
  • Rogue Island
  • Scrag Island
  • Sheep Island
  • Shelter Island
  • Snow Island
  • Strawberry Creek Island
  • Three Islands
  • Thrumcap
  • Turnip Island
  • Two Bush Island
  • Uncle Zeke Island
  • Upper Flag Island
  • Upper Goose Island
  • Whaleboat Island
  • White Island
  • White Bull Island
  • Wyer Island
  • Yarmouth Island

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Notable people

References

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Further reading

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