Hassan Habibi

Hassan Ebrahim Habibi (Template:Langx; 29 JanuaryTemplate:Fact 1937 – 31 January 2013) was an Iranian politician, lawyer, scholar and the first vice president from 1989 until 2001 under Presidents Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mohammad Khatami. He was also a member of the High Council of Cultural Revolution and head of Academy of Persian Language and Literature from 2004 until his death in 2013.

Early life and education

Habibi studied sociology in France.<ref name=dea91>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=dae>Template:Cite journal</ref> He held a PhD in law and sociology. When he was a university student he visited Khomeini while the latter was in exile.<ref name=parsi12>Template:Cite book</ref>

Career

Habibi was tasked by Ayatollah Khomeini to draft the prospective constitution of Iran when the latter was in exile in Paris.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> His version was heavily modified due to criticisms and the final text was approved by the election in November 1979.<ref name=dae/>

Following the Iranian revolution, Habibi was named public spokesman for the revolutionary council.<ref name=rubin80>Template:Cite book</ref> He was among the main architects of the first draft of Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which was later passed for more discussion to an elected Assembly of Experts for Constitution.Template:Citation needed The assembly made significant changes in the original draft, e.g. by introducing the new position of "leader of the Islamic Republic" based on Khomeini's concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists, which gave almost unlimited power to the clergy. The modified version was approved in a popular referendum in 1979. In the 1980 presidential election, Habibi ran for office, but received only ten percent of the vote against Banisadr's seventy percent.<ref name=eric>Template:Cite journal</ref> Habibi was backed by Mohammad Beheshti in the election process.<ref name=eric/> In the same year he won a parliamentary seat, being a representative of the Islamic Republican Party.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Habibi served as the minister of justice under Prime Minister Mousavi. He was first vice president of Iran from 1989 to 2001, eight years under President Rafsanjani and then four years under President Khatami.Template:Citation needed He was replaced by Mohammad Reza Aref in the post in Khatami's second term. He was also head of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and a member of the Expediency Council.<ref name=ttimes/>

Death

Habibi died on 31 January 2013. He was buried at the mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini in Tehran on 1 February.<ref name=ttimes>Template:Cite news</ref> The funeral service was attended by leading Iranian political figures, including President Ahmedinejad.<ref name=ttimes/>

Work

Habibi is the author of several books, including God (1981), Society, Culture, Politics (1984), Islam and the Crisis of Our Time (1984), In the Mirror Of Rights: Views Of International Rights, Comparative Rights And Sociology (1988), Seeking the Roots (editing & translation) (1994), Casework of An Ages Student (1997), One Word Out Of Thousands (2 vol.) (1998-2001) and General International Rights (2 vol.) (2003).<ref name=evela>Template:Cite web</ref>

Political affiliation

Habibi was director of the National Front publications in Europe during the 1960s. In the capacity, he was involved in publication and distribution of Payam-e-Daneshjou, organ of the party's student wing.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Habibi was a member of the Freedom Movement of Iran, before he defected to the Islamic Republican Party after the Iranian Revolution.<ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref>

External links

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