Hawthorne, California
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Hawthorne is a city in southwestern Los Angeles County, California. It is part of a seventeen-city subregion of the Los Angeles metropolitan area commonly known as the South Bay. As of the 2020 US census, Hawthorne had a population of 88,083.<ref name="quif" />
History
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Hawthorne was once part of the Rancho Sausal Redondo (Round Willow-grove Ranch) of the Template:Convert Mexican land grant in present-day Los Angeles County, California given in 1837 to Antonio Ygnacio Ávila by Juan Alvarado the Mexican Governments Governor of Alta California.<ref>Ogden Hoffman, 1862, Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, Numa Hubert, San Francisco</ref> Rancho Sausal Redondo covered the area that now includes Playa Del Rey, El Segundo, Manhattan Beach, Lawndale, Hermosa Beach, Inglewood, Hawthorne, and Redondo Beach.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Hawthorne was founded in 1905 as the "Hawthorne Improvement Company" by real estate developers B.L. Harding and H.D. Lombard. Harding's daughter shared her birthday—July 4, American Independence Day—with New England author Nathaniel Hawthorne, and a decision was made to name the small village after him.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Hawthorne was once a "whites only" settlement, commonly called a sundown town.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During the 1930s, signs warned African-Americans to be out of Hawthorne by sundown.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Geography
To the north of Hawthorne is the unincorporated community of Lennox and the city of Inglewood. To the east is the unincorporated community of Athens and the city of Gardena. To the south is the unincorporated community of El Camino Village, and the cities of Lawndale and Redondo Beach. Manhattan Beach is at the southwest corner of Hawthorne. To the west is the city of El Segundo, and the Los Angeles neighborhood of Westchester is to the northwest of Hawthorne. Hawthorne surrounds the unincorporated community of Del Aire on three sides. It also shares a small border on the northeast along Imperial Highway with the unincorporated community of Westmont.
The Century Freeway (Glenn Anderson Freeway, I-105) runs along the northern boundary of Hawthorne, with the C Line light rail line running down the center of the Century Freeway. The San Diego Freeway (I-405) runs along the western boundary of Hawthorne. Major east–west streets in Hawthorne include Rosecrans Avenue, El Segundo Boulevard, and Imperial Highway. Major north–south streets include Aviation Boulevard, Inglewood Avenue, Hawthorne Boulevard, Prairie Avenue, Crenshaw Boulevard, and Van Ness Avenue.
Hawthorne is five miles (8 km) from the Los Angeles International Airport.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Hawthorne comprises ZIP codes 90250 and 90251. It is in the 310 area code, except for a small portion of northeastern Hawthorne, which is located in the 323 area code.
Climate
Hawthorne, like the rest of the Los Angeles basin, has a Mediterranean climate:
- On average, the warmest month is August.
- The highest recorded temperature was Template:Convert in 1961.
- On average, the coolest month is January.
- The lowest recorded temperature was Template:Convert in 1963.
- Most rainfall occurs during winter and spring.
Hawthorne has a Mediterranean climate or dry-summer subtropical (Köppen climate classification Csb on the coast, Csa inland), enjoying plenty of sunshine throughout the year, with an average of 263 sunshine days and only 35 days with measurable precipitation annually.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Clear
Surrounding areas
- Template:Pad Lennox / Inglewood
- Template:Pad Los Angeles File:Up arrow left.svg File:Up-1.svg File:Up arrow right.svg Westmont
- Template:Pad Del Aire / El SegundoFile:Left.svg Template:Pad File:Right.svg Gardena / West Athens
- Template:Pad Manhattan Beach / Redondo Beach File:Down arrow left.svg File:Down arrow.svg File:Down arrow right.svg Gardena
- Template:Pad Lawndale / Alondra Park
Demographics
Hawthorne first appeared as a city in the 1930 U.S. Census.<ref name=1930CensusCA/>
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000<ref name="2000CensusP004">Template:Cite web</ref> | Pop 2010<ref name="2010CensusP2">Template:Cite web</ref> | Template:Partial<ref name="2020CensusP2">Template:Cite web</ref> | % 2000 | % 2010 | Template:Partial |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 10,397 | 8,642 | 9,147 | 13.00% | 10.25% | 10.38% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 27,208 | 22,579 | 20,763 | 32.35% | 26.79% | 23.57% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 199 | 172 | 128 | 0.24% | 0.20% | 0.15% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 5,567 | 5,492 | 6,552 | 6.62% | 6.52% | 7.44% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 685 | 919 | 683 | 0.81% | 1.09% | 0.78% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 256 | 397 | 773 | 0.30% | 0.47% | 0.88% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 2,033 | 1,520 | 2,727 | 2.42% | 1.80% | 3.10% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 37,227 | 44,572 | 47,310 | 44.26% | 52.88% | 53.71% |
| Total | 84,112 | 84,293 | 88,083 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2020
The 2020 United States census reported that Hawthorne had a population of 88,083. The population density was Template:Convert. The racial makeup of Hawthorne was 16.1% White, 24.2% African American, 2.0% Native American, 7.7% Asian, 0.8% Pacific Islander, 33.8% from other races, and 15.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 53.7% of the population.<ref name=DP1>Template:Cite web</ref>
The census reported that 99.3% of the population lived in households, 0.2% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0.5% were institutionalized.<ref name=DP1/>
There were 30,541 households, out of which 37.6% included children under the age of 18, 36.8% were married-couple households, 8.3% were cohabiting couple households, 33.3% had a female householder with no partner present, and 21.7% had a male householder with no partner present. 24.9% of households were one person, and 6.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.86.<ref name=DP1/> There were 20,718 families (67.8% of all households).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The age distribution was 23.7% under the age of 18, 9.4% aged 18 to 24, 32.1% aged 25 to 44, 24.4% aged 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65Template:Nbspyears of age or older. The median age was 34.8Template:Nbspyears. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males.<ref name=DP1/>
There were 31,578 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert, of which 30,541 (96.7%) were occupied. Of these, 27.4% were owner-occupied, and 72.6% were occupied by renters.<ref name=DP1/>
In 2023, the US Census Bureau estimated that the median household income was $72,719, and the per capita income was $33,651. About 13.3% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2010
At the 2010 census Hawthorne had a population of 84,293. The population density was Template:Convert. The racial makeup of Hawthorne was 27,678 (32.8%) White (10.3% Non-Hispanic White),<ref name=quif/> 23,385 (27.7%) African American, 565 (0.7%) Native American, 5,642 (6.7%) Asian, 974 (1.2%) Pacific Islander, 22,127 (26.3%) from other races, and 3,922 (4.7%) from two or more races. There were 44,572 people of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race (52.9%).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The census reported that 83,754 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 208 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 331 (0.4%) were institutionalized.
There were 28,486 households, 12,330 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 10,833 (38.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 6,369 (22.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2,357 (8.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,309 (8.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 191 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. Of the households, 7,125 (25.0%) were one person and 1,430 (5.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.94. There were 19,559 families (68.7% of households); the average family size was 3.54.
The age distribution was 23,157 people (27.5%) under the age of 18, 9,487 people (11.3%) aged 18 to 24, 27,035 people (32.1%) aged 25 to 44, 18,395 people (21.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 6,219 people (7.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 31.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.
There were 29,869 housing units at an average density of 4,902.7 per square mile, of the occupied units 7,623 (26.8%) were owner-occupied and 20,863 (73.2%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.6%. 25,869 people (30.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 57,885 people (68.7%) lived in rental housing units.
During 2009–2013, Hawthorne had a median household income of $44,649, with 19.2% of the population living below the federal poverty line.<ref name=quif/>
According to Mapping L.A. in 2000, Mexican (27.1%) and Filipino (2.6%) were the most common ancestries in the city. Mexico (45.1%) and Guatemala (9.3%) were the most common foreign places of birth in the city.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Homelessness
In 2022, Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority's Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count counted 173 homeless individuals in Hawthorne.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
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Economy
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As of 2022 the city is known as a center for the space industry and hosts numerous space related private companies, industries and startups.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> The relatively large number of aerospace engineers and technicians, history of established aerospace companies, and the presence of SpaceX has facilitated the development of space engineering industry cluster in the city.<ref name=":0" /> According to the city's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the top employers in the city are:
| # | Employer | # of Employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | SpaceX | 6,094 |
| 2 | Amazon Fulfillment Center | 1,500 |
| 3 | Hawthorne School District | 900 |
| 4 | Wiseburn Unified School District | 394 |
| 5 | City of Hawthorne | 360 |
| 6 | Home Depot | 340 |
| 7 | OSI Systems | 280 |
| 8 | Expeditors | 260 |
| 9 | Teledyne Relays | 253 |
| 10 | Target | 250 |
Besides the current top employers, the following businesses are currently located in Hawthorne:
- Century Media Records, independent rock label.
- Tesla, Inc. has its design center at the Hawthorne Municipal Airport.
- Konami Digital Entertainment has its US offices in Hawthorne.
- ARCH Motorcycle is headquartered in Hawthorne.
- Mynaric has an office and laboratory in Hawthorne.
Previously in Hawthorne:
- Mattel (formerly), toy manufacturer; originally started in Hawthorne in 1945 and moved to their current facility in nearby El Segundo, California by 1991.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Hawthorne Plaza, a regional shopping center, now closed
- The Boring Company, infrastructure and tunnel construction services company.
- Northrop Corporation, founded in 1939 and headquartered in Hawthorne, became a major manufacturer of aircraft during World War II, as well as a major subcontractor to other aircraft companies. Jack Northrop developed his famous flying wings, which ultimately led to the B-2 stealth bomber. Northrop also produced the P-61 Black Widow fighter in its Hawthorne plant, which was on the south side of Northrop Field (present-day Hawthorne Airport). The facility was, for some time, used as an aircraft plant, producing fuselage sections for Boeing 747s and 787s.<ref>Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, pp. 93–106, Cypress, CA, 2013. Template:ISBN.</ref> The building is currently used as the headquarters and main factory of SpaceX.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Government
Municipal government
Hawthorne has an elected city council composed of a mayor elected every four years and four city council members elected on four year terms.
| OFFICE | OFFICE HOLDER | TERM ENDS |
|---|---|---|
| Mayor | Alex Vargas | December 2028 |
| Mayor Pro Tem | Angie Reyes-English | December 2028 |
| Councilmember | Faye Johnson | December 2028 |
| Councilmember | Alex Monteiro | December 2026 |
| Councilmember | Katrina Manning | December 2026 |
| OFFICE | OFFICE HOLDER | TERM ENDS |
|---|---|---|
| City Treasurer | Marie Poindexter-Hornback | December 2026 |
| City Clerk | Dayna Williams-Hunter | December 2026 |
According to the city's most recentTemplate:When "Comprehensive Annual Financial Report," its various funds had $126.1 million in revenues, $113.2 million in expenditures, $220.2 million in total assets, $152.7 million in total liabilities, and $29.6 million in cash and investments.<ref>City of Hawthorne CAFR Template:Webarchive. Retrieved August 18, 2009.</ref> The city manager is Vontray Norris.<ref name="Manager" />
State and federal representation
In the California State Legislature, Hawthorne is in Template:Representative, and in Template:Representative.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In the United States House of Representatives, Hawthorne is in Template:Representative.<ref>Template:Cite GovTrack</ref>
Education
Primary and secondary schools
Hawthorne is served by multiple school districts.<ref name="LACountycensusSDmap2020">Template:Cite web - This map overlays Hawthorne's city boundaries with the boundaries of various school districts.</ref> Schools that include portions of Hawthorne include:<ref>Template:Cite web Compare this map to boundary maps issued by school districts.</ref>
- Centinela Valley Union High School District<ref name=LACountycensusSDmap2020/>
- Hawthorne High School
- Leuzinger High School (Lawndale, California)
- Lawndale High School (Lawndale, California)
- Hawthorne School District
- Lawndale Elementary School District<ref name=LACountycensusSDmap2020/>
- Franklin D. Roosevelt-Kit Carson Elementary School (Alondra Park)<ref>"School Site Locator" (Archive). Lawndale Elementary School District. Retrieved on January 2, 2017.</ref>
- Will Rogers Middle School (Lawndale)<ref>"Elementary School & Middle School Boundaries as of September 2008." Lawndale Elementary School District. Retrieved on May 5, 2010.</ref>
- Lennox School District<ref name=LACountycensusSDmap2020/>
- Elementary schools with boundaries coinciding include: Buford, Felton, Jefferson, Dolores Hutera and Moffett<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- All district residents are zoned to Lennox Middle School (grades 6–8)
- Wiseburn Unified School District<ref name=LACountycensusSDmap2020/>
- Juan Cabrillo Elementary School (Kindergarten-2nd grade)
- 138th St School (3rd-5th grade) (To Be Renamed)
- Richard Henry Dana Middle School (6th-8th grade)
- Da Vinci Schools (9th-12th grade)
- Los Angeles Unified School District<ref name=LACountycensusSDmap2020/>
- Cimarron Elementary School (Hawthorne)
- Clay Middle School (Unincorporated area)
- Washington Preparatory High School (Unincorporated area)
In addition Los Angeles County Office of Education operates Southwest Day (5th-12th grade).
Hawthorne Math and Science Academy is a charter high school in Hawthorne associated with the Hawthorne School District.<ref>Hawthorne.k12.ca.us Template:Webarchive</ref>
Private schools
- Saint Joseph's Parish School (Catholic, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles)
- Trinity Lutheran School
- Al Huda Islamic School
Colleges and universities
- Los Angeles Southwest College (in an unincorporated area in Los Angeles County)
- El Camino College
Media
The Hawthorne Press Tribune is the community newspaper for the City of Hawthorne.<ref>Hawthorne Press Tribune Template:Webarchive. Herald Publications. Retrieved on August 18, 2013.</ref>
Infrastructure
The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Curtis Tucker Health Center in Inglewood, serving Hawthorne.<ref>"Curtis Tucker Health Center Template:Webarchive." Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved on March 18, 2010.</ref>
The United States Postal Service Hawthorne Post Office is located at 12700 Inglewood Avenue.<ref>"Post Office Location – HAWTHORNE." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.</ref>
Notable people
- All of the original members of the Beach Boys grew up in Hawthorne—Brian, Dennis and Carl Wilson, Mike Love, and Al Jardine—as did early member David Marks. The Wilsons' childhood home is commemorated by the Beach Boys Historic Landmark.<ref name="broowaha.com">Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Carl Boenish, base jumper<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- NFL players Curtis Conway,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Jason Simmons,<ref>Jason Simmons News, Stats, Photos | Houston Texans Template:Webarchive. Sbnation.com. Retrieved on August 18, 2013.</ref> and Dennis Northcutt have all resided in Hawthorne.
- Fred Dryer, defensive end in the NFL, actor and producer, was born in Hawthorne in 1946<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Political activist turned serial killer John Ewell lived in and committed his crimes in Hawthorne
- Domo Genesis of OFWGKTA was born in Hawthorne.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Singer-songwriter Cuco grew up and currently resides in Hawthorne.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- NEA chairman Dana Gioia was born and reared in Hawthorne.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Jazz critic and music historian Ted Gioia was born and raised in Hawthorne and graduated from Hawthorne High.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Tracy Jones, former Major League Baseball player and 700 WLW radio host, was born in Hawthorne.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Rapper Kurupt lived in Hawthorne after moving from Philadelphia.<ref name="Kurupt">MTV, Kurupt.</ref>
- Scott Laidlaw, running back for the Dallas Cowboys and the New York Giants of the NFL, was born in Hawthorne, grew up in Hawthorne, and went to Hawthorne High School.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Michael Marsh, Olympic gold medalist, attended Hawthorne High<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Mike McDermott, former member of the Maryland House of Delegates, was born in Hawthorne.<ref name="msa">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Keyla Monterroso Mejia, actress and comedian
- Actress Marilyn Monroe lived in the city from infancy until she was 6.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Singer Chris Montez grew up in Hawthorne.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Jack Northrop founded and managed Northrop Corporation, which was headquartered in Hawthorne (see Economy section above).<ref>Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, p. 93, Cypress, CA, 2013. Template:ISBN.</ref>
- Actor Butch Patrick of TV's The Munsters lived in Hawthorne for a short time.<ref name="broowaha.com" />
- Red Cloud, American rapper of indigenous Mexican descent, was born in Hawthorne.
- Musician Emitt Rhodes lived in Hawthorne.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Major League Baseball pitcher (New York Mets and Houston Astros) and Cy Young Award winner Mike Scott grew up in Hawthorne and graduated from Hawthorne High School in 1973.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Film and stage actress Betta St. John was born in Hawthorne.
- Rapper Big Syke lived in Hawthorne<ref name="tmz">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Sports figure Jim Thorpe resided in Hawthorne during part of his life, and there is a park named after him.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Rapper Tyler, the Creator grew up in Hawthorne. The name of the city is seen on the cover of his album Call Me If You Get Lost.
- Russell Westbrook of the Denver Nuggets grew up in Hawthorne.<ref>Fox Sports. Msn.foxsports.com. Retrieved on August 18, 2013.</ref><ref name="Player Bio: Russell Westbrook">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Dorell Wright of the Portland Trail Blazers grew up in Hawthorne.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Gyasi Zardes of the Columbus Crew SC grew up in Hawthorne.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
See also
References
Further reading
- Dixon, Walt, and Jerry Roberts (2005). Hawthorne. Images of America. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. Template:ISBN. Template:Oclc.
External links
Template:Geographic location Template:Hawthorne, California Template:Cities of Los Angeles County, California Template:Greater Los Angeles Area Template:Authority control