Heads of state governments of Malaysia

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Template:Short description Template:EngvarB Template:Use dmy dates Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Heads of government in Malaysia's many states take on various titles. Nine of the states in the Peninsular who each have historical monarchs are known as the Menteri BesarTemplate:Refn (Jawi: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, literally Grand Minister or First Minister; abbreviated as MB), while the rest in the federation are titled Chief Minister (abbreviated as CM; in Malay: Ketua Menteri; abbreviated as KM). Until 2022, the head of government of Sarawak was also styled as the Chief Minister, thereafter it was changed to Premier (Premier).

The nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states and the appointed governors of the other four states serve as constitutional and ceremonial heads of their states, while the state executive authority rests with the Menteris Besar, chief ministers and premier. Following elections to the state legislative assembly, the ruler or governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the state government. The ruler or governor appoints and swears in the Menteri Besar, chief ministers and premier, whose executive council (or Cabinet in Sabah and Sarawak) are collectively responsible to the assembly. Based on the Westminster system, given that he retains the confidence of the assembly, the terms of Menteris Besar, chief ministers and premier can last for the length of the assembly's life—a maximum of five years. There are no limits to the number of terms that the Menteri Besar, chief minister and premier can serve.

Background

File:Exhibit of Undang-Undang Tubuh Kerajaan Negeri Johor at Pameran Raja Kita in conjunction with the coronation of Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor as Yang di-Pertuan Agong XVII 20240901 125301.jpg
The Constitution of Johor

In most states within Malaysia, the office was created by the British colonial government in 1948, in tandem with the creation of the Federation of Malaya. However, Johor was the first state to create the Menteri Besar position, subject to Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor (Johor State Constitution) enforced by Sultan Abu Bakar. This had made Johor the first Malay state to adopt a system of constitutional monarchy. After Malaya gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1957, the office bearer is appointed among the state legislative assembly members by the Sultans. The Menteri Besar, chief minister and premier usually come from the party (or coalition) which commands a majority in the state assembly.

Relations between the Menteris Besar, chief ministers, premier and other levels of government

For many decades, the first ministers (Menteri Besar), chief ministers (Ketua Menteri) and premier (Premier) met with each other and the prime minister at the Meeting of Menteri Besar and Chief Ministers<ref>Example of English translation of aforementioned conference: Template:Cite news</ref>(Mesyuarat Menteri-Menteri Besar, Ketua-Ketua Menteri dan premier).<ref>Cabinet, Constitution, and Inter-Government Relation Division</ref>

Selection process

Eligibility

By comparison, the thirteen state constitutions (Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri or Perlembagaan Negeri) have some similarities and also some differences in setting the principal qualifications one must meet to be eligible to the office of the Menteri Besar, chief minister and premier.

A Menteri Besar or Ketua Menteri or Premier must be a Malaysian citizen, of at least 21 years of age and a member of state legislative assembly who commands the confidence of the majority of the members of the assembly. Upon appointment, he shall not hold any office of profit and engage in any trade, business or profession that will cause conflict of interest.

For four states in Malaysia with governors (namely Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak), the office of Ketua Menteri and Premier are open to any Malaysian citizen regardless of their religion, ethnicity, and gender. However, citizens by naturalization or registration are still prohibited by state laws.

Election

The Menteri Besar, chief minister and premier are elected through a majority in the state legislative assembly. This is procedurally established by the vote of confidence in the legislative assembly, as suggested by the Ruler (or Governor) of the state who is the appointing authority.

Oath

Since, according to the constitution, the Menteri Besar is appointed by the ruler (or, in case of the chief minister and premier, the governor), the swearing-in is done before the ruler (or governor) of the state.

Remuneration

Remuneration of the Menteri Besar, chief minister, premier as well as other members of the executive council (or Cabinet) and members of the state legislative assembly are to be decided by the respective state legislatures. Hence this varies from state to state according to their ordinance<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> or enactment<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> that amended by the state legislative.

Present Menteris Besar, chief ministers and premier

Template:Main article

State Title Portrait Incumbent PartyTemplate:Efn Term Time Serving
Template:Flag Menteri Besar File:Onn Hafiz 2022.jpg Onn Hafiz Ghazi style="background:Template:Barisan Nasional/meta/shading;"| BN (UMNO) 15 March 2022 Template:Ayd
Template:Flag Menteri Besar File:Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor crop kayuhan belia kedah.jpg Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor style="background:Template:Party color;"| PN (PAS) Template:Dts Template:Ayd
Template:Flag Menteri Besar File:Mohd Nassuruddin Daud (19th Menteri Besar Kelantan) crop.jpg Mohd Nassuruddin Daud style="background:Template:Party color;"| PN (PAS) Template:Dts Template:Ayd
Template:Flag Chief Minister Ab Rauf Yusoh style="background:Template:Barisan Nasional/meta/shading;"| BN (UMNO) Template:Dts Template:Ayd
Template:Flag Menteri Besar File:Aminuddin Harun, Menteri Besar of Negeri Sembilan in 2025 (cropped 2).jpg Aminuddin Harun style="background:Template:Party color;"| PH (PKR) Template:Dts Template:Ayd
Template:Flag Menteri Besar File:Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail 2023.jpg Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail style="background:Template:Barisan Nasional/meta/shading;"| BN (UMNO) Template:Dts Template:Ayd
Template:Flag Chief Minister File:Chow Kon Yeow 2019.jpg Chow Kon Yeow style="background:Template:Party color;"| PH (DAP) Template:Dts Template:Ayd
Template:Flag Menteri Besar File:Saarani Mohamad 2023.jpg Saarani Mohamad style="background:Template:Barisan Nasional/meta/shading;"| BN (UMNO) Template:Dts Template:Ayd
Template:Flag Menteri Besar Mohd Shukri Ramli style="background:Template:Party color;"| PN (PAS) 22 November 2022 Template:Ayd
Template:Flag Chief Minister File:Hajiji Noor.png Hajiji Noor style="background:Template:Party color" | GRS (GAGASAN) Template:Dts Template:Ayd
Template:Flag Premier File:Abang Johari Openg in 2021 (cropped).jpg Abang Abdul Rahman Johari Abang Openg style="background:Template:Party color;" | GPS (PBB) Template:Dts Template:Ayd
Template:Flag Menteri Besar File:Amirudin Shari.jpg Amirudin Shari style="background:Template:Party color;"| PH (PKR) Template:Dts Template:Ayd
Template:Flag Menteri Besar File:Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar pada 2022.jpg Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar style="background:Template:Party color;"| PN (PAS) Template:Dts Template:Ayd

Template:Notelist

Timeline

<timeline>

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</timeline>

See also

Notes

Template:Reflist

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Menteri Besars and Chief Ministers

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