Henrietta Street, Dublin
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Henrietta Street (Template:Irish place name) is a Dublin street, to the north of Bolton Street on the north side of the city, first laid out and developed by Luke Gardiner during the 1720s.<ref name="craig">Template:Cite book</ref> A very wide street relative to streets in other 18th-century cities, it includes a number of very large red-brick city palaces and townhouses of Georgian design.
Name
The street is generally held to be named after Henrietta (née Somerset; 1690–1726), the wife of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton,<ref name="craig" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> although an alternative candidate is Henrietta (née Crofts; 1697–1730), third wife of Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton. The nearby Bolton Street is named after Paulet.<ref name="rsai">Template:Cite web</ref>
History
Henrietta Street is the earliest Georgian street in Dublin, and at the forefront of Dublin's later Georgian streetscapes.<ref name="conservationplan">Template:Cite web</ref> Construction on the street started in the mid-1720s, on land bought by the Gardiner family in 1721. Construction was still taking place in the 1750s.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Gardiner had a mansion, designed by Richard Cassels, built for his own use around 1730.
The street was popularly referred to as Primate's Hill, as one of the houses was owned by the Archbishop of Armagh, although this house, along with two others, was demolished to make way for the Law Library of King's Inns.<ref name="craig" />
The street fell into disrepair during the 19th and 20th centuries, with the houses being used as tenements.<ref name="rsai" /> While the houses on Henrietta Street had been home to a small number of wealthy residents in the 18th century, these were given-over to tenement use during the 19th century,<ref name="tenementmuseum">Template:Cite news</ref> and by 1911 there were 835 people living in poverty in just 15 houses.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A number of houses on the street remained in use as tenements until the 1970s.<ref name="tenementmuseum" /> In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the street has been subject to restoration efforts.<ref name="conservationplan" />
The street has been used as a period-location for film and TV companies,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> with productions filmed including Albert Nobbs, Inspector George Gently and Foyle's War.
The street is a cul-de-sac, with the Law Library of King's Inns facing onto its western end. As of 2017, there are 13 houses on the street. One of these houses, 14 Henrietta Street, was opened as a museum in late 2018.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> 14 Henrietta Street tells the story of the building and of the lives of the people who lived there.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A plaque at the address commemorates its association with Irish republican Thomas Bryan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
First residents
The street was initially popular with landed and merchant families, and a number of hereditary peers had properties on the street in the mid-18th century.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The houses were built to have rear gardens and mews.<ref name=HSCP />
North-side
- No.3
- Resident: Owen Wynne;<ref name=HSCP>Shaffrey Associates Architects; John Montague, Architectural Historian; Carrig Conservation Ltd; Dr. Tracy Pickerill; Lee McCullough & Partners, Consulting Engineers; Boylan Farrelly, Quantity Surveyors; Henrietta Street Conservation Plan Dublin City Heritage</ref>
- No.4
- Construction: Built after 1755<ref name=HSCP />
- Resident: John Maxwell, 1st Baron Farnham from 1757, father-in-law of Owen Wynne at no.3. This house remained in the possession of the same family until 1852.<ref name=HSCP />
- No.5
- Construction: Built by Nathaniel Clements about 1741 for Henry O'Brien<ref name=HSCP />
- Resident: Henry O'Brien, 8th Earl of Thomond. Thomond died 2 years later and the house was occupied by George Stone, Bishop of Ferns, who later succeeded Boulter as Primate;<ref name=HSCP />
- No.6
- Construction: Separate flat within No. 5;<ref name=HSCP />
- No.7
- Construction: Built by Nathaniel Clements about 1738<ref name=HSCP />
- Resident: Nathaniel Clements;<ref name=HSCP />
- No.8
- Construction: Nathaniel Clements 1735<ref name=HSCP />
- Resident: Lieutenant General Richard St George;<ref name=HSCP />
- No.9
- Construction: Designed by Edward Lovett Pearce and built for Luke Gardiner by 1735<ref name=HSCP />
- Resident Thomas Carter;<ref name=HSCP />
- No.10
- Construction: Edward Lovett Pearce was the architect
- Resident: Luke Gardiner<ref name=HSCP />
Western end
- Entrance to King's Inns
South-side
- King's Inns law library
- No.11
- Construction: Designed by Edward Lovett Pearce<ref name=HSCP /> for Luke Gardiner (built as a pair to No. 12)<ref name=HSCP />
- Resident: Brigadier General William Graham;<ref name=HSCP />
- No.12
- Construction: Built as a pair to No. 11 for Gardiner with Edward Lovett Pearce as architect<ref name=HSCP />
- Resident: William Stewart, 3rd Viscount Mountjoy and later 1st Earl of Blessington;<ref name=HSCP />
- No.13
- Construction: Built by Luke Gardiner at the same time as numbers 14 and 15<ref name=HSCP />
- Resident: Nicholas Loftus, 1st Earl of Ely from 1755 (1st record);<ref name=HSCP />
- No.14
- Construction: Built by Luke Gardiner at the same time as numbers 13 and 15<ref name=HSCP />
- Resident: Richard 3rd Viscount Molesworth from 1752.<ref name=HSCP />
- Other notable occupant: No. 14 is now a museum.
- No.15
- Construction: Built by Luke Gardiner at the same time as numbers 13 and 14<ref name=HSCP />
- Resident: Sir Robert King from about 1748<ref name=HSCP />
- Other notable occupant: Na Píobairí Uilleann
See also
Further reading
- Murdoch, Tessa (ed.) (2022). Great Irish Households: Inventories from the Long Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: John Adamson, inventory of No. 10 Henrietta Street in 1772, when in the ownership of Luke Gardiner, the younger (1745–1798), later 1st Viscount Mountjoy, pp. 157–61 Template:ISBN Template:OCLC