Hope Bay, Antarctica
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Infobox body of water Hope Bay (Spanish: Bahía Esperanza) (Template:Coord) is a bay Template:Convert long and Template:Convert wide, indenting the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and opening on Antarctic Sound.Template:Sfn
Location
Hope Bay is in Graham Land on the north coast of the Trinity Peninsula, which forms the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. Hope bay is south of Mount Bransfield and southwest of the Mott Snowfield. It opens onto the Antarctic Sound to the west, and faces Joinville Island. It defines the northeast end of the Tabarin Peninsula. Features and nearby features include, clockwise from the east, Mount Flora, Mount Carroll, Depot Glacier, Mount Cardinal, Mount Taylor, Whitten Peak, Twin Peaks, Arena Glacier and Andersson Nunatak.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Sailing directions
The US Defense Mapping Agency's Sailing Directions for Antarctica (1976) describes Hope Bay as follows: Template:Quote
History
Template:Image frame Hope Bay was discovered on January 15, 1902 by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition (SwedAE) under Otto Nordenskiöld, who named it in commemoration of the winter spent there by J. Gunnar Andersson, S.A. Duse, and Toralf Grunden of his expedition, after his ship (the Antarctic) was crushed by the ice and lost.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn They were eventually rescued by Argentine corvette Uruguay.
The ruins of a stone hut built in January 1903 by members of the Swedish expedition can still be seen; it has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 39), following a proposal by Argentina and the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.Template:Sfn
Hope Bay was also the scene of the Hope Bay incident when the only shots ever fired in anger in Antarctica took place, in 1952. An Argentine shore party fired a machine gun over the heads of a British Antarctic Survey team unloading supplies from the John Biscoe. The Argentines later extended a diplomatic apology, saying that there had been a misunderstanding and that the Argentine military commander on the ground had exceeded his authority. However, the Argentine party was given a hero's welcome upon its return to Argentina.Template:Citation needed
Research Stations
Elichiribehety Station
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Elichiribehety Station better known in English by its Spanish acronym ECARE is an Uruguay summer research station, established by the Uruguayan Antarctic Institute on December 22, 1997 on the Antarctic Peninsula.
Esperanza Base
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Esperanza Base is a permanent, all year-round Argentine research station which was established in 1952. It is operated by the Instituto Antartico Argentino and has an average of 55 inhabitants in winter. The base installations have displaced part of a penguin rookery.Template:Citation needed
Station D
The old British Station D was established here in 1945 which was occupied by 13 people in the austral winter. It partially burned on November 8, 1948, with the loss of two lives.Template:Sfn
A new hut was built on February 4, 1952 in a new place and took the name of Trinity House, it was closed in 1964. On December 8, 1997 the British Antarctic Survey transferred the base to Uruguay, who renamed it Teniente Ruperto Elichiribehety Uruguayan Antarctic Scientific Station (ECARE).Template:Sfn
Important Bird Area
The bay has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports one of the largest Adélie penguin colonies in Antarctica with around 125,000 pairs. Other birds nesting at the site include gentoo penguins, brown skuas, Antarctic terns, Wilson's storm-petrels, kelp gulls and snowy sheathbills.Template:Sfn
Northern features
Template:Copernix Features around the north entrance to the bay include, from west to east,
Andersson Nunatak
Template:Coord. A nunatak Template:Convert west of Sheppard Point, standing above the coastal ice cliffs on the north shore of Hope Bay. Discovered by Johan Gunnar Andersson's party of the SwedAE which wintered at Hope Bay in 1903. Named for Andersson by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) following their survey of the area in 1945.Template:Sfn
Sheppard Nunatak
Template:Coord. A conical nunatak Template:Convert high which stands close north of Sheppard Point, the north side of the entrance to Hope Bay. This area was first explored by a party of the SwedAE 1901-04. The nunatak was charted in 1945 by the FIDS, and named by them for its association with Sheppard Point.Template:Sfn
Sheppard Point
Template:Coord. A point marking the north side of the entrance to Hope Bay, at the northeast end of Antarctic Peninsula. Discovered by a party under J. Gunnar Andersson of the SwedAE, 1901–04, who wintered at Hope Bay in 1903. Named by the FIDS for R. Sheppard, Master of the Eagle who, in February 1945, landed the party which established a FIDS scientific station at Hope Bay.Template:Sfn
Contact Point
Template:Coord. A small rock point close west of Sheppard Point on the north side of Hope Bay. The feature was first charted as an island by the SwedAE, 1901–04, but was surveyed by the FIDS in 1955 and proved to be a point. So named by FIDS because greywacke, tuff and diorite were found to be exposed on or very close to this point. Such contacts had not previously been recorded and they were important for the interpretation of the geology of Tabarin Peninsula.Template:Sfn
Western features
Nearby features to the west of the head of the bay include, from west to east,
Mount Taylor
Template:Coord. A large, flat-topped mountain, Template:Convert high, having steep cliffs on the northeast side, standing Template:Convert west-southwest of the head of Hope Bay. Discovered by the SwedAE, 1901–04, under Nordenskjold. The mountain was charted by the FIDS in 1946 and named in 1948 by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Captain A. Taylor, commander of the FIDS and leader of its base at Hope Bay in 1945.Template:Sfn
Eddy Col
Template:Coord. A steep-sided rocky col between Mount Taylor and Blade Ridge, Template:Convert southwest of the head of Hope Bay. Surveyed in 1955 by the FIDS, who applied the descriptive name; the wind direction varies continually in this col.Template:Sfn
Blade Ridge
Template:Coord. A sharp rock ridge marked by three peaks, the highest Template:Convert, forming the northwest wall of Depot Glacier near the head of Hope Bay. Discovered by the SwedAE, 1901–04, under Nordenskjold. The descriptive name was given by the FIDS following their survey of the area in 1945.Template:Sfn
Whitten Peak
Template:Coord. A pyramidal peak, Template:Convert high, forming the northeast end of Blade Ridge at the west side of the head of Hope Bay. Discovered by the SwedAE, 1901–04, under Nordenskjold. Named by the FIDS for R. Whitten, first mate of the ship Eagle, which participated in FIDS operations in 1944-45.Template:Sfn
Twin Peaks
Template:Coord. Two sharply defined peaks, Template:Convert high, standing together Template:Convert north of Mount Taylor and Template:Convert west of the head of Hope Bay. Discovered by the SwedAE, 1901–04, under Nordenskjold. Named by the FIDS following their survey of the area in 1946.Template:Sfn
| File:Hope Bay-2016-Trinity Peninsula–Arena Glacier 01.jpg | File:Hope Bay-2016-Trinity Peninsula–Arena Glacier 03.jpg |
| File:Hope Bay-2016-Trinity Peninsula–Arena Glacier 02.jpg | |
| Views of Arena Glacier increasing in detail. | |
Arena Glacier
Template:Coord. A glacier Template:Convert long, flowing northeast from Mount Taylor into Hope Bay Template:Convert southwest of Sheppard Point. Mapped in 1948 and 1955 by the FIDS and so named by them because the flat ice floor of the glacier's upper half, surrounded by the steep slopes of Twin Peaks, Mount Taylor and Blade Ridge, resembles an arena.Template:Sfn
Southern features
Features along or near the south shore of the bay include, from west to east,
Scar Hills
Template:Coord. A small ridge of hills, with numerous glacial striae, extending from the head of Hope Bay Template:Convert northeast along the southeast shore. Discovered and named "Schrammenhiigel" by a party under J. Gunnar Andersson of the SwedAE, 1901-04. An English translation of the name has been approved.Template:Sfn
Lake Hope
Template:Coord. A small lake lying Template:Convert north of Mount Flora, close east of the head of Hope Bay. Named after nearby Hope Bay by Argentine parties working in the area.Template:Sfn
Mount Flora
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:Coord. A mountain, Template:Convert high, containing a well-defined cirque which faces NE, standing Template:Convert southeast of the head of Hope Bay. Discovered by the SwedAE under Nordenskjold, 1901–04, and named by J. Gunnar Andersson, second-incommand of the expedition who discovered flora fossils of the Jurassic period in certain strata of this mountain.Template:Sfn
Nobby Nunatak
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:Coord. A nunatak, Template:Convert high, standing Template:Convert south of Lake Boeckella and Template:Convert east of Mount Flora. Nobby Nunatak was first charted and named by the FIDS in 1945. The name is descriptive.Template:Sfn
The Crest
Template:Coord. The summit, Template:Convert high, of a moraine just east of Lake Boeckella and Template:Convert south of Hut Cove. Mapped in 1945 and 1948 by the FIDS. The feature marks the summit of the initial steep slope up from the FIDS station at Hope Bay. The name originated locally in about 1945.Template:Sfn
Lake Boeckella
Template:Coord. A small lake which lies Template:Convert south of Hope Bay and drains by a small stream into Eagle Cove, at the northeast end of Antarctic Peninsula. Discovered and named by the SwedAE, 1901–04, under Nordenskjold. Boeckella is a species of crustacean found in this area.Template:Sfn
Eagle Cove
Template:Coord. A small cove immediately west of Seal Point along the south side of Hope Bay. Discovered by J. Gunnar Andersson's party of the SwedAE, 1901–04, who wintered at Hope Bay in 1903. Named by the FIDS after the ship Eagle, which participated in the establishment of the FIDS base at Hope Bay in 1945.Template:Sfn
Seal Point
Template:Coord. A point which extends north from the southeast shore of Hope Bay between Eagle Cove and Hut Cove, at the northeast end of Antarctic Peninsula. Discovered by a party under J. Gunnar Andersson of the SwedAE, 1901–04, and so named because the party relieved their shortage of food and fuel by killing a seal on this point.Template:Sfn
Hut Cove
Template:Coord. A small cove in the east part of Hope Bay between Seal Point and Grunden Rock. Discovered by a party under J. Gunnar Andersson of the SwedAE, 1901–04, who wintered at Hope Bay in 1903. So named in 1945 by the FIDS because they, like the SwedAE, established a base hut on the south shore of this cove.Template:Sfn
Jagged Rocks
Template:Coord. A group of jagged rocks lying near the center of Hut Cove in the east part of Hope Bay. First charted in 1903 by a party under J. Gunner Andersson of the SwedAE. Named by the FIDS in 1945.Template:Sfn
Grunden Rock
Template:Coord. A rock Template:Convert high high, surrounded by a group of smaller rocks, lying close east of Hut Cove along the south side of the entrance to Hope Bay. Discovered by the SwedAE under Nordenskjold, 1901-04. The FIDS in 1945 named the entire group of rocks for Toralf Grunden, member of the SwedAE who wintered at Hope Bay in 1903, but in 1952 the name was restricted to the largest rock in this group for easier reference to the light beacon established on the main rock by the Argentine government during the previous season.Template:Sfn
Stone Point
Template:Coord. A point with a small islet lying off it, marking the south side of the entrance to Hope Bay. Named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for H.W. Stone, First Mate on the Trepassey, 1946–47, following a survey by Lieutenant Commander F.W. Hunt, RN, in 1952.Template:Sfn
References
Sources
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