Hugh Harman

Hugh Harman (August 31, 1903 – November 25, 1982) was an American animator. He was known for creating the Warner Bros. Cartoons and MGM Cartoons<ref name="An interview of Hugh Harman">Template:Cite web</ref> studios and his collaboration with Rudolf Ising during the Golden Age of American animation.

Career

He began his work with Walt Disney in 1922, working on Disney's early Laugh-O-Gram Cartoons.<ref name= obituary>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> When that company went bankrupt, Harman and partner Rudolf Ising tried to start a new series based on the Arabian Nights, but were unable to obtain funding.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Disney called them back when he began work for Charles Mintz, producing the Alice Comedies live-action/animation hybrid shorts and the Oswald the Lucky Rabbit cartoons.

After a dispute over money, Mintz forced out Disney in 1928 and lured most of his animators, Harman and Ising included, to join him. After Carl Laemmle replaced Mintz with a young Walter Lantz<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in early 1929, Harman and Ising, alongside a number of former Oswald animators put together a pilot short, "Bosko, the Talk-Ink Kid", featuring a character Harman created in 1928 as sound films were becoming popular. The short gained them a contract with Warner Brothers studios to produce animated cartoons with Leon Schlesinger as manager. Harman and Ising started the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons in 1930 and 1931, respectively (Harman would direct the Looney Tune shorts), and produced them until 1933. Following a number of clashes with Schlesinger over budgets, they decided to leave WB and look for another distributor.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Harman and Ising took Bosko with them, having previously copyrighted him to avoid facing the same situation Disney had with Oswald. In the meantime, Harman-Ising Pictures outsourced a number of Cubby Bear cartoons for The Van Beuren Corporation.<ref>Harman/ Ising’s “Mischivous Mice” (1934)</ref>

MGM Cartoons and later career

In early 1934, Harman and Ising were hired by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, which launched the "Happy Harmonies" series in color (incidentally replacing fellow 1920s-era Disney veteran Ub Iwerks), in which Harman redeveloped Bosko into a realistic black kid. After yet another money-related quarrel, Harman and Ising were fired by MGM in 1937, being replaced by an in-house cartoon studio headed by Fred Quimby.<ref>MGM TITLES</ref><ref name=baxter>Hugh Harman’s “The Field Mouse” (1941)</ref><ref>Those MGM Jazz Frog Cartoons</ref> That same year, Disney borrowed the Harman-Ising Ink and Paint unit for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and the studio also outsourced a number of cartoons for the Silly Symphonies series, although Disney ultimately only accepted Merbabies, the other shorts being released by MGM in early 1938, which after a rocky start with the in-house studio, decided to take Harman and Ising back some time later as production supervisors.<ref name=kausler/>

After leaving Metro in 1941, Harman founded a new studio with Disney veteran Mel Shaw.<ref name=baxter/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1943, the duo signed a deal with Orson Welles to adapt The Little Prince, in which Welles would play the role of the aviator while a random child actor would portray the prince. A few months later, Welles fell ill with hepatitis, nearly dying while recovering in Florida. After this, the deal fell through and the film was scrapped.<ref name="An interview of Hugh Harman"/><ref name=kausler/>

From 1945 to 1947, Harman's production company would produce various cartoons for the army and for educational films.<ref>Hugh Harman’s “Easy Does It” (1946)</ref><ref>Hugh Harman’s “Winky the Watchman” – and How to Do a Great Commentary Track</ref> After a two year hiatus, Harman returned to the animation industry with The Littlest Angel, a collaboration between his company and Coronet Films.<ref>Coronet Films “The Littlest Angel” (1950)</ref> He also wrote the Woody Woodpecker short Convict Concerto.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Harman's final film (albeit incomplete and entirely shipped to Coronet, completed by Gordon A. Sheehan) was Tom Thumb in King Arthur's Court. Harman worked on the film extensively with Mel Shaw, but ultimately gave production to Coronet because he couldn't complete it.<ref>Hugh Harman and Gordon Sheehan’s “Tom Thumb in King Arthur’s Court” (1963)</ref><ref name=kausler/> The film had been in production since the 1940s, under the working title "King Arthur's Knights".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Later life

After Harman-Ising Studios closed in 1960, Harman fell in a state of abject poverty. He lived in a ramshackle house, no longer being able to afford a car, although he often disguised his precarious state by frequently having breakfast at a Beverly Hills restaurant. He had to constantly borrow money from Ising, as well as colleagues Friz Freleng and Roy O. Disney in the 1970s to keep afloat. He also received a monthly allowance from his brother Fred, until Fred's death in January 1982. After that point, Harman was moved into a house on Chatsworth, the rent being paid by his friends, among them animator Mark Kausler and historian Jim Korkis, who had both met Harman through Bob Clampett in 1973.<ref name=korkis>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=kausler>Template:Cite web</ref>

On November 25, 1982, Harman died after a long illness in his home.<ref name=obituary/> He was survived by his son Michael. Harman was married twice, both times ending in divorce. His second wife was a Greek woman named Katia who married him in 1980 but left him soon after gaining her citizenship.<ref name=obituary/><ref name=korkis/>

See also

• Harman-Ising Productions

External links

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