Human body weight

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Template:Short description Template:Human body weight

Human body weight is a person's mass or weight.

Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of mass without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessories such as mobile phones and wallets, and using manual or digital weighing scales. Excess or reduced body weight is regarded as an indicator of determining a person's health, with body volume measurement providing an extra dimension by calculating the distribution of body weight.

Estimation in children

File:Broselowtape.JPG
An example of a half unfolded Broselow tape

There are a number of methods to estimate weight in children for circumstances (such as emergencies) when actual weight cannot be measured. Most involve a parent or health care provider guessing the child's weight through weight-estimation formulas. These formulas base their findings on the child's age and tape-based systems of weight estimation. Of the many formulas that have been used for estimating body weight, some include the Advanced Pediatric Life Support formula, the Leffler formula, and Theron formula.<ref name=Ped09/> There are also several types of tape-based systems for estimating children's weight, with the best-known being the Broselow tape.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The Broselow tape is based on length with weight read from the appropriate color area. Newer systems, such as the PAWPER tape, make use of a simple two-step process to estimate weight: the length-based weight estimation is modified according to the child's body habitus to increase the accuracy of the final weight prediction.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The Leffler formula is used for children 0–10 years of age.<ref name=Ped09/> In those less than a year old, it is

<math>m = \tfrac{1}{2}a_m + 4</math>

and for those 1–10 years old, it is

<math>m = 2a_y + 10</math>

where m is the number of kilograms the child weighs and am and ay respectively are the number of months or years old the child is.<ref name=Ped09/>

The Theron formula is

<math>m = e^{0.175571a_y + 2.197099}</math>

where m and ay are as above.<ref name=Ped09>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Fluctuation

Body weight varies in small amounts throughout the day, as the amount of water in the body is not constant. It changes due to activities such as drinking, urinating, or exercise.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Professional sports participants may deliberately dehydrate themselves to enter a lower weight class, a practice known as weight cutting.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Ideal body weight

Ideal body weight (IBW) was initially introduced by Ben J. Devine in 1974 to allow estimation of drug clearances in obese patients;<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> researchers have since shown that the metabolism of certain drugs relates more to IBW than total body weight.<ref name="IBW">Template:Cite journal</ref> The term was based on the use of insurance data that demonstrated the relative mortality for males and females according to different height-weight combinations.

The most common estimation of IBW is by the Devine formula; other models exist and have been noted to give similar results.<ref name=IBW /> Other methods used in estimating the ideal body weight are body mass index and the Hamwi method. The IBW is not the perfect fat measurement, as it does not show the fat or muscle percentage in one's body. For example, athletes' results may show that they are overweight when they are actually very fit and healthy. Machines like the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry can accurately measure the percentage and weight of fat, muscle, and bone in a body.

Devine formula

The Devine formula for calculating ideal body weight in adults is as follows:<ref name=IBW />

Hamwi method

The Hamwi method is used to calculate the ideal body weight of the general adult:<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Usage

Sports

Many disciplines in weightlifting or combat sports separate competitors into weight classes.

Medicine

Ideal body weight, specifically the Devine formula, is used clinically for multiple reasons, most commonly in estimating renal function in drug dosing, and predicting pharmacokinetics in morbidly obese patients.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Average weight around the world

By region

Data from 2005:

Region Adult
population
(millions) 		Average weight %
Overweight 		Template:Tooltip
Africa 535 Template:Convert 28.9% <ref name="biomed"/>
Asia 2,815 Template:Convert 24.2% <ref name="biomed">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Europe 606 Template:Convert 55.6% <ref name="biomed"/>
Latin America and
the Caribbean		 386 Template:Convert 57.9% <ref name="biomed"/>
North America 263 Template:Convert 73.9% <ref name="biomed"/>
Oceania 24 Template:Convert 63.3% <ref name="biomed"/>
World 4,630 Template:Convert 34.7% <ref name="biomed"/>

By country

Country Average male weight Average female weight Sample population /
age range 		Template:Tooltip Year Template:Tooltip
Template:AFG Template:Convert Template:Convert 18–69 Measured 2018 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:DZA Template:Convert Template:Convert 25–64 Measured 2005 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:ARM Template:Convert Template:Convert 18–69 Measured 2016 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:AUS Template:Convert Template:Convert 18+ Measured 2018 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:AZE Template:Convert Template:Convert 16+ Measured 2005 <ref name="Azeri">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:BGD Template:Convert Template:Convert 25+ Measured 2009–2010 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:BLR Template:Convert Template:Convert 18+ Measured 2008 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:BLZ Template:Convert Template:Convert 20+ Measured 2010 <ref name=":4">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:BEN Template:Convert Template:Convert 18–69 Measured 2015 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:BTN Template:Convert Template:Convert 18–69 Measured 2014 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:BWA Template:Convert Template:Convert 15–69 Measured 2014 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:BRA Template:Convert Template:Convert 20–74 Measured 2008–2009 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:BRN Template:Convert Template:Convert 19+ Measured 2010–2011 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:BGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 21–59 Self-reported 2021 <ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Template:BFA Template:Convert Template:Convert 25–64 Measured 2013 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:KHM Template:Convert Template:Convert 25–64 Measured 2010 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:CMR Template:Convert Template:Convert 15+ Measured 2003 <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Template:CAN Template:Convert Template:Convert 18–79 Measured 2007–2009 <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Template:CHL Template:Convert Template:Convert 15+ Measured 2009–2010 <ref>Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009–2010 Template:Webarchive (p. 81)</ref>
Template:CRI - San José Template:Convert Template:Convert 20+ Measured 2010 <ref name=":42">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:CZE Template:Convert Template:Convert 25–64 Measured 2016–2017 <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Template:EST Template:Convert Template:Convert 18+ Measured 2003–2010 <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Template:FRA Template:Convert Template:Convert 15+ Measured 2005 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:GEO Template:Convert Template:Convert 18–69 Measured 2016 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:DEU Template:Convert Template:Convert 18+ Self-reported 2021 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:IND Template:Convert Template:Convert 16+ Measured 2020 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:NOR Template:Convert Template:Convert 18+ Self-reported 2020 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:OMN Template:Convert Template:Convert 18+ Measured 2017 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:PAK Template:Convert Template:Convert 18–69 Measured 2013–2014 <ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Template:PNG Template:Convert Template:Convert 15–64 Measured 2007–2008 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:QAT Template:Convert Template:Convert 18–64 Measured 2012 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:RUS Template:Convert Template:Convert 19+ Measured 2018 <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Template:RWA Template:Convert Template:Convert 15–64 Measured 2012–2013 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:KNA Template:Convert Template:Convert 25–64 Measured 2007–2008 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:SAU Template:Convert Template:Convert 25–64 Measured 2005 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:SRB Template:Convert Template:Convert 20+ Measured 2013 <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Template:SLE Template:Convert Template:Convert 25–64 Measured 2009 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:SLB Template:Convert Template:Convert 25–64 Measured 2006 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:KOR Template:Convert Template:Convert 18+ Measured 2019 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:ESP Template:Convert Template:Convert 18–64 Measured 2013 <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Template:LKA Template:Convert Template:Convert 18–69 Measured 2014–2015 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:SDN Template:Convert Template:Convert 18–69 Measured 2016 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:SWE Template:Convert Template:Convert 16–84 Measured 2003–2004 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:TGO Template:Convert Template:Convert 15–64 Measured 2010 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:TON Template:Convert Template:Convert 25–64 Measured 2012 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:TTO Template:Convert Template:Convert 15–64 Measured 2011 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:TUR Template:Convert Template:Convert 15+ Measured 2017 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:TKM Template:Convert Template:Convert 18–69 Measured 2018 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:GBR – England Template:Convert Template:Convert 16+ Measured 2019 <ref name="england">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:GBR – Wales Template:Convert Template:Convert 16+ Measured 2009 <ref name="wales">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:UKR Template:Convert Template:Convert 18+ Measured 2020 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:USA Template:Convert Template:Convert 20+ Measured 2015–2018 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Global statistics

Researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine published a study of average weights of adult humans in the journal BMC Public Health and at the United Nations conference Rio+20.<ref>Data extracted from Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

See also

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References

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