Hussein Kamel al-Majid

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox officeholder Colonel General Hussein Kamel Hassan al-Majid (Template:Langx) (1954 – 23 February 1996) was an Iraqi military officer and the son-in-law and first cousin once removed of former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein. He defected to Jordan and assisted United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspection teams assigned to look for weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. He was killed the following year for betraying Saddam.

Early life and military career

Hussein was born in Tel Al Thahab (in modern-day Balad District, Saladin Governorate).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He rose through the military ranks to become the Supervisor of the Republican Guard, Iraq's elite military force, in 1982. He later became the Minister of Industries, heading the Military Industrialisation Commission and supervising Iraq's weapons development programs from 1987. Hussein became Oil Minister of Iraq in 1990.<ref name=ibr30oct>Template:Cite news</ref>

Hussein married one of Saddam Hussein's daughters, Raghad Saddam, and lived in Iraq until 1995.<ref name="king">King Abdullah II of Jordan: Our Last Best Chance; Viking Press; New York, New York; 2011; p. 95.</ref> On 7 August of that year, he and his wife defected from Iraq, along with his brother, Saddam Kamel, and his brother's wife, Rana Saddam, another of Saddam's daughters. In a 21 September 1995 interview with CNN, Hussein Kamel explained:<ref name=cnn/>

This is what made me leave the country, the fact that Saddam Hussein surrounds himself with inefficient ministers and advisers who are not chosen for their competence but according to the whims of the Iraqi president. And as a result of this the whole of Iraq is suffering.

Jordan granted asylum to the Kamel brothers, and there they began to cooperate with UNSCOM and its director Rolf Ekéus, the American CIA and the British MI6. The initial promises of a wealth of information were, allegedly, not fulfilled. According to U.S. and Jordanian officials, the intelligence provided by Hussein Kamel on Iraqi secret weapons programs was of limited content and value.<ref>Washington Post 24 February 1996</ref>

Hussein confirmed what inspectors had been able to ascertain shortly before his defection: Iraq had operated a biological warfare program prior to the Gulf War, but had destroyed its entire stockpile of chemical and biological weapons and banned missiles. Hussein's defection presented a major problem for those seeking to overthrow the Iraqi government based on the threat of its WMD program.

Return to Iraq and death

In February 1996, after intermediaries for Saddam Hussein had assured them that all would be forgiven, Hussein and Saddam Kamel were convinced to return to Iraq with their wives and children. Reportedly, immediately upon their return, they were ordered to divorce their wives and were denounced as traitors. Three days after their arrival, on 23 February, they refused to surrender to Saddam's security forces and were killed in a 13-hour firefight at a safe house.<ref name=CordesmanHashim1997>Template:Cite book</ref>

According to an alternative version of events, Kamel and his sons were killed less than 24 hours following the divorce decrees, in a gun battle with other cousins trying to regain their clan honor in the eyes of Saddam.<ref name=sha1apr>Template:Cite news</ref>

Another story of the event from the documentary Saddam's tribe, which one of its producers had an interview with Raghdad Hussein, is that her husband and his brother, along with their family, were all killed under house arrest by Ali Hassan al-Majid (also known as "Chemical Ali" in the west) after he and two Iraqi soldiers gunned them down.

Aftermath

In a 25 January 1999 report to the U.N. Security Council, UNSCOM declared that the history of the Iraqi weapons inspections "must be divided into two parts, separated by the events following the departure from Iraq, in August 1995, of Lt. Gen. Hussein Kamel."

Hussein maintained that Iraq had destroyed its weapons of mass destruction and related programs after the end of the first Gulf War.

I ordered destruction of all chemical weapons. All weapons—biological, chemical, missile, nuclear—were destroyed.<ref name=cnn>Transcript of part one of Correspondent Brent Sadler's exclusive interview with Hussein Kamel; CNN; 21 September 1995.</ref>

A 3 March 2003 Newsweek report said that Hussein's revelations were "hushed up" because inspectors "hoped to bluff Saddam [Hussein] into revealing still more."<ref name=bar3mar>Template:Cite news</ref> Hussein's version of events appear to have been borne out in the wake of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq.

In the build-up to the 2003 invasion, Bush administration figures—including George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld and Colin Powell—repeatedly cited Hussein's testimony as evidence that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction.<ref name=fair>Template:Cite news</ref>

See also

• House of Saddam

External links

• Profile: Hussein Kamel, Center for Cooperative Research.
• A Defector's Revelations, Frontline, April 1999.