Ogura Hyakunin Isshu

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First poem card of the Template:Lang, featuring Emperor Tenji
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Ogura Template:Wt by Teika

Template:Nihongo is a classical Japanese anthology of one hundred Japanese waka by one hundred poets. Hyakunin Isshu can be translated to "one hundred people, one poem [each]"; it can also refer to the card game of uta-garuta, which uses a deck composed of cards based on the Hyakunin Isshu.

The most famous and standard version was compiled by Fujiwara no Teika (1162–1241) while he lived in the Ogura district of Kyoto.<ref>Mostow, Joshua. (1996). Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image, p.25.</ref> It is therefore also known as Template:Nihongo.

Compilation

One of Teika's diaries, the Meigetsuki, says that his son Tameie asked him to arrange one hundred poems for Tameie's father-in-law, Utsunomiya Yoritsuna, who was furnishing a residence near Mount Ogura;<ref>Ogurayama: Latitude: 34° 53' 60 N, Longitude: 135° 46' 60 E; Kyoto Prefecture web site: northwest of Arashiyama Park Template:Webarchive.</ref> hence the full name of Ogura Hyakunin Isshu. In order to decorate screens of the residence, Fujiwara no Teika produced the calligraphy poem sheets.<ref>Mostow, p.94.</ref>

Hishikawa Moronobu (1618–1694) provided woodblock portraits for each of the poets included in the anthology.<ref name="wdl2929">Template:Cite web</ref> Katsukawa Shunshō (1726–1793) designed prints for a full-color edition published in 1775.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In his own lifetime, Teika was better known for other work. For example, in 1200 (Shōji 2), he prepared another anthology of one hundred poems for ex-Emperor Go-Toba, called the Shōji Hyakushu.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Poets

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Poems

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An Edo-period illustrated Hyakunin Isshu book, with Priest Kisen and Ono no Komachi

Poem number 1

A poem by Emperor Tenji about the hardships of farmers. Teika chose this poem from the Gosen Wakashū: Template:Waka

Poem number 2

A visually-descriptive poem attributed to Empress Jitō. Teika chose this poem from the Shin Kokin Wakashū:

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The original was likely based from a poem of the Man'yōshū (book 1, poem 28) by the same poet.

Poem number 26

File:A Hundred Verses from Old Japan - poem 026.png
Illustration of Poem 26, after an 18th-century Japanese print

A quite different poem is attributed to Sadaijin Fujiwara no Tadahira in the context of a very specific incident. After abdicating, former Emperor Uda visited Mount Ogura in Yamashiro Province. He was so greatly impressed by the beauty of autumn colours of the maples that he ordered Fujiwara no Tadahira to encourage Uda's son and heir, Emperor Daigo, to visit the same area.

Template:Nihongo was Tadahira's posthumous name, and this is the name used in William Porter's translation of the poem which observes that "[t]he maples of Mount Ogura / If they could understand / Would keep their brilliant leaves / until [t]he Ruler of this land / Pass with his Royal band." The accompanying 18th century illustration shows a person of consequence riding an ox in a procession with attendants on foot. The group is passing through an area of maple leaves.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Teika chose this poem from the Shūi Wakashū for the hundred poems collection:

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Poem number 86

A poem by Saigyō about the pain of love. This poem was chosen from the Senzai Wakashū: Template:Waka


Order of arrangement of the collection

English translations

The Ogura Hyakunin Isshu has been translated into many languages and into English many times.

English translations include:

Other Hyakunin Isshu anthologies

Many other anthologies compiled along the same criteria—one hundred poems by one hundred poets—include the words hyakunin isshu, notably the World War II-era Template:Nihongo, or One Hundred Patriotic Poems by One Hundred Poets. Also important is Template:Nihongo, a series of parodies of the original Ogura collection.

Card game

Teika's anthology is the basis for the card game of karuta, which has been popular since the Edo period.<ref>Honan, William H. "Why Millions in Japan Read All About Poetry," New York Times. March 6, 2000.</ref>

Many forms of playing games with Hyakunin Isshu exist in Japan, such as Uta-garuta, the basis for competitive karuta (kyōgi karuta).<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref>

See also

Notes

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References

Further reading

  • One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each: A Translation of the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu, Peter McMillan, foreword by Donald Keene. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. Template:ISBN
  • One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each: A Treasury of Classical Japanese Verse, Peter McMillan. London: Penguin Classics, 2018. Template:ISBN
  • 100 Poets: Passions of the Imperial Court, Emiko Miyashita and Michael Dylan Welch, translators. Tokyo: PIE Books, 2008. Template:ISBN This book is also available as an iPad/iPhone application.

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