IDEO

IDEO (Template:IPAc-en) is a design and consulting firm with offices in the U.S., England, and China. It was founded in Palo Alto, California, in 1991.<ref name="IDEO Inc">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="contact">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The company's 500 staff uses a design thinking approach to design products, services, environments, brands, and digital experiences.<ref>Brown, Tim. "The Making of a Design Thinker." Metropolis Oct. 2009: 60–62. p. 60: "David Kelley ... said that every time someone came to ask him about design, he found himself inserting the word thinking to explain what it is that designers do. The term design thinking stuck."</ref><ref name="IDEO Inc" /><ref name="Creative Confidence">Template:Cite book</ref>

In 1996, Steelcase took a majority ownership stake in the firm, which continued to operate independently.<ref name="business week" /> By the early 2000s, the company had expanded into management consulting and organizational design.<ref name="business week" /> In 2016, Japanese holding company Kyu Collective purchased a minority stake in the firm,<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Wired Kyu Stake">Template:Cite magazine</ref> with Steelcase continuing to hold a small stake.

History

IDEO was formed in 1991 by a merger of David Kelley Design (founded by Stanford University professor David Kelley in 1978), London-based Moggridge Associates and San Francisco's ID Two (both founded by British-born Bill Moggridge, in 1969 and 1979, respectively), and Matrix Product Design (founded by Mike Nuttall in 1983).<ref name=bnet>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> David Kelley Design was previously Hovey-Kelley Design, which was a partnership between David Kelley and Dean Hovey. <ref name="Making the Macintosh 2">Template:Cite web</ref> Hovey-Kelley Design worked on the design for the computer mice for the Apple Lisa and the original Apple Macintosh.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1996, Office-furniture maker Steelcase took a majority ownership stake in IDEO, which continued to operate independently. Steelcase<ref name="business week">Template:Cite news</ref> began divesting its shares through a five-year management buy-back program in 2007.<ref name="Grand Rapids Press">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="business week" /> By the early 2000s, IDEO had expanded into management consulting and organizational design.<ref name="business week" /> In 2016, Japanese holding company Kyu Collective purchased a minority stake in the firm.<ref name="Wired Kyu Stake"/><ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>

While the company started with a focus on designing consumer products (e.g., toothbrush, personal assistant, computers), by 2001, IDEO began to widen its focus on consumer experiences and services.

In 2011, IDEO incubated IDEO.org — a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit focused on doing work that centers people in poor and vulnerable communities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Tim Brown in 2018

In April 2019, the company announced that Sandy Speicher would replace Tim Brown as CEO of the company.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Sandy Speicher in 2011

In November 2022, the company announced that Derek Robson would become CEO effective January 5, 2023.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Deep Dive

On February 9, 1999, the ABC show Nightline featured IDEO in a segment called The Deep Dive: One Company's Secret Weapon for Innovation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The segment featured Jack Smith of ABC touring the IDEO office and challenging the company to redesign the shopping cart in five days to demonstrate IDEO's process for innovation.<ref name="Reimagining the Shopping Cart">Template:Cite web</ref> The result was a shopping cart with a nestable steel frame which holds removable plastic baskets to help deter theft and increase shopper flexibility. A dual child seat with a swing-up tray was also included in the design, as well as a cup holder, a barcode reader to skip the checkout line and steerable back wheels for manoeuvrability.<ref name="Reimagining the Shopping Cart"/> The demonstration of IDEO's innovation process has led to the segment becoming part of numerous curricula, including Project Lead the Way<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and multiple universities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Acquisitions and partnerships

On October 17, 2017, IDEO acquired Datascope — a data science firm based in Chicago.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Datascope has worked with IDEO as a consultant on many projects over the past four years.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Tim Brown, Chair of IDEO, states that the acquisition is largely motivated by advances in data sciences and machine learning. These advances allow for a bigger focus in human-centered applications including facilitation of the design process.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Datascope's 15-person team will be moved to IDEO's Chicago office.

With IDEO's acquisition by Kyu, the firm increasingly partners with other member firms of the collective.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Organizational culture

IDEO's organizational culture consists of project teams, flat hierarchy, individual autonomy, creativity, and collaboration.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The firm currently employs over 500 people across many disciplines, including: Behavioral Science, Branding, Business Design, Communication Design, Design Research, Digital Design, Education, Electrical Engineering, Environments Design, Food Science, Healthcare Services, Industrial Design, Interaction Design, Mechanical Engineering, Organizational Design, and Software Engineering.<ref name="ideo.com">Template:Cite web</ref>

Products and services

IDEO has worked on projects in the consumer food and beverage, retail, computer, medical, educational, furniture, office, and automotive industries. Some examples include Apple's first mouse, the Palm V PDA, and Steelcase's Leap chair. Clients include Air New Zealand, Coca-Cola, ConAgra Foods, Eli Lilly, Ford, Medtronic, Mexichem, Sealy, ShinHo, and Steelcase among many others.<ref name="ideo.com"/>

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  Early Apple computer mice
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  Palm V

OpenIDEO

In August 2010, IDEO introduced OpenIDEO - a collaborative platform for the design process.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> OpenIDEO was designed to be an internal tool for IDEO to collaborate with clients, but it is now a public tool.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The purpose of the tool is to virtually drive the creative process to solve social problems, allowing for people of different expertise and backgrounds to collaborate. Examples of projects that have been facilitated by OpenIDEO include various projects of the WWF and TEDPrize winner Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution movement.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In a collaboration with Sutter Health, London's Helix Centre and Shoshana R. Ungerleider,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> they completed an OpenIDEO Challenge to "reimagine the end of life experience" which later led to the founding of international initiatives, End Well and Re:imagine.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Design education

IDEO U is an online educational program released in early 2015.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Course participants are instructed on the concepts surrounding human-centered design thinking.

In addition to the online program, IDEO and its affiliates have released multiple books on design thinking, including New York Times best-selling Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Creative Potential Within Us All.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Former CEO Tim Brown is the author of Change by Design: How Design Thinking Transforms Organizations and Inspires Innovation (2009) in which he argues that design can transform problems into opportunities – emphasizing design thinking as a human-centered activity, he specifically prizes the feeling of empathy, where designers are capable of understanding the perspectives and problems the end users face.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Notes

• Dobbin, Frank. “High Commitment Practices”. Harvard University. October 10, 2012. Lecture.
• Thomke, Stefan and Ashok Nimgade. Ideo Product Development. 9-600-143. Boston. Harvard Business Publishing
• Kelley, Tom, and Jonathan Littman. The Art of Innovation: Lessons in Creativity from IDEO, America's Leading Design Firm. New York: Currency/Doubleday, 2001. page 70.
• “Recruiting Q&A: IDEO” Business week. January 10, 2001
• "Designed Chaos - An Interview with David Kelley, Founder and CEO of IDEO." Designed Chaos. N.p., n.d.
• "Navigate." Careers FAQ. N.p., n.d.
• Stevents, Tim. “Creative Genius”. Industry Week. July 4, 1994. Skokie, IL