Iams
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Iams (Template:IPAc-en) is an American brand of dog food and cat food manufactured by Spectrum Brands in Europe and Mars, Incorporated worldwide excluding Europe. The food is formulated for the puppy/kitten, adult and mature stages of life. Veterinary formulas for pets with special dietary requirements are also produced.<ref name='juggle'>Template:Cite web</ref>
According to Iams, since 2006, studies have been conducted in pet owners' homes, P&G Pet Care's Pet Health & Nutrition Center and locations where dogs and cats are already living such as assistance dog organizations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
History
During the 1940s, because pet food was not available in stores, animals were predominantly fed homemade food, usually table scraps.<ref name='couponfordog'>"Iams History". Coupon for DogTemplate:Dead link</ref> Paul Iams, an animal nutritionist who graduated from the Ohio State University in 1937, founded the Iams Company in 1946 in a small feed mill near Dayton, Ohio.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> In the 1950s, he developed the world's first animal-based protein dry dog food and called it Iams 999.<ref name='juggle'/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1969, Paul Iams wanted to differentiate the new formula from other Iams products. Iams chose to name this new formula "Eukanuba", a term originated by jazz era personality Hoagy Carmichael, meaning "the tops" or "something supreme".[dubious – discuss]
During the 1973 Arab oil embargo, the cost of meat and bone meal tripled, while sale prices in the U.S. were frozen under Phase I of President Richard Nixon's Economic Stabilization Program.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Iams did not change its product formula during this period, and the company nearly went bankrupt as a result.<ref name='couponfordog'/> Clay Mathile, who had joined Iams in 1970, purchased half of the company in 1975.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1982, he became its sole owner and president.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Having increased company revenue from $100,000 in 1970 to $900 million in 1999, Mathile sold Iams to Procter & Gamble in September 1999.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In its largest divestiture in five years, Procter & Gamble announced in April 2014 that it would sell the Iams, Eukanuba, and Natura pet-food brands in all markets except Europe to Mars, Inc. for $2.9 billion in cash. Mars said that the deal would allow it to gain a new business and generate cash to grow core businesses.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The deal for P&G Pet Care's operations in North America and Latin America was completed in August 2014. P&G also exercised options to acquire Mars's pet-food business in some parts of Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa, including Australia, Japan and Singapore.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Procter & Gamble sold its European pet-care business to Spectrum Brands in December 2014.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>