International Olympiad in Informatics

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File:InternationalOlympiadInInformatics.png
The logo of the International Olympiad in Informatics

The International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) is an annual competitive programming competition and one of the International Science Olympiads for secondary school students. The first IOI was held in 1989 in Pravetz, Bulgaria.

Each country sends a team of up to four students, plus one team leader, one deputy leader, and guests. Students in each country are selected for their country's team through national computing contests. Students at the IOI compete on an individual basis. There is no official team ranking.

The contest consists of two days of solving six complicated algorithmic tasks by writing computer programs in C++.<ref name="Robson">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> All task materials are published on each year's contest website soon after the competition ends.

Competition structure and participation

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The competition room at the IOI 2006

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In front of the competition room at the IOI 2007

On each of the two competition days, the competitors are typically given three problems which they have to solve in five hours. Each student works on their own to solve the problems with no outside help, specifically no communication with other contestants, books, web access, etc. Contestants are typically allowed to bring non-programmable wired keyboards and mice.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Usually to solve a task the contestant has to write a computer program (in C++) and submit it before the five-hour competition time ends. The program is graded based on secret test data. Since IOI 2010, tasks are divided into subtasks with graduated difficulty, and points are awarded only when all tests for a particular subtask yield correct results, within specific time and memory limits. In some cases, the contestant's program has to interact with a secret computer library, which allows problems where the input is not fixed, but depends on the program's actions – for example in game problems (a.k.a. interactive problems). Another type of problem has the inputs publicly available, for these, the contestants have to submit an output file instead of a program, and it is up to them whether they obtain the output files by writing a program (possibly exploiting special characteristics of the input), or by hand, or by a combination of these means. Pascal has been removed as an available programming language as of 2019.<ref name="minutes16">Template:Cite web</ref>:11

IOI 2010 for the first time had a live web scoreboard with real-time provisional results. Submissions will be scored as soon as possible during the contest, and the results posted. Contestants will be aware of their scores, but not others', and may resubmit to improve their scores. Starting from 2012, IOI has been using the Contest Management System (CMS) for developing and monitoring the contest.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The scores from the two competition days and all problems are summed up separately for each contestant. Medals are awarded depending on their relative total score. The top 50% of the contestants are awarded medals, such that the relative number of gold : silver : bronze : no medal is approximately 1:2:3:6 (thus 1/12 of the contestants get a gold medal).

Prior to IOI 2010, students who did not receive medals did not have their scores published, although the scores of students who did not receive medals are still not available in the official results, they are known from the live web scoreboard. In IOI 2012 the top 3 nations ranked by aggregate score (Russia, China and USA) were subsequently awarded during the closing ceremony.

Analysis of female performance shows 77.9% of women obtain no medal, while 49.2% of men obtain no medal. "The average female participation was 4.4% in 1989–1994 and 2.2% in 1996–2014." It also suggests much higher participation of women on the national level, claiming sometimes double-digit percentages in total participation on the first stage.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> President of the IOI (2011-2014), Richard Forster, says the competition has difficulty attracting women and that in spite of trying to solve it, "none of us have hit on quite what the problem is, let alone the solution."<ref name="Robson" /> The European Girls’ Olympiad in Informatics (EGOI), which was first held in 2021 was started with the goal to increscent female participants at IOI and other Informatics Olympiads.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In IOI 2017 held in Iran, due to not being able to participate in Iran, the Israeli students participated in an offsite competition organized by IOI in Russia.<ref name="minutes16" />:11 Due to visa issues, the full USA team was unable to attend, although one contestant Zhezheng Luo<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> was able to attend by traveling with the Chinese team<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and winning gold medal and 3rd place in standings.<ref name="standings2017">Template:Cite web</ref>

In IOI 2019 held in Azerbaijan, the Armenia team did not participate due to the dispute between the two countries, despite the guarantees provided<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and official invitation letter sent by the host Azerbaijan.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, both the IOI 2020 and IOI 2021, originally scheduled to be hosted by Singapore, were held as online contests. The IOI 2022, hosted by Indonesia, was held as a hybrid event, with around 25% of the contestants participating online.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In response to the invasion of Ukraine, students from Russia and Belarus can only participate as individuals under the IOI flag but not as national delegations starting from IOI 2022, and they would only participate online for IOI 2022.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> From 2023 onwards they would participate in person, but under the IOI flag.

In response to the conflict and humanitarian crisis in Gaza, students from Israel can only participate as individuals under the IOI flag but not as a national delegation from IOI 2025 onwards. Over two thirds of the delegations voted in favour of the sanction in the IOI General Assembly.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

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Members

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Former members

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Summary

Number Year Dates Host country Host city Absolute Winner Score Results Website
1 1989 May 16–19 Template:Flagicon Bulgaria Pravetz Teodor Tonchev (Bulgaria) 100/100 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2 1990 July 15–21 Template:Flagicon Belarus, Soviet Union Minsk Tsvetomir Petrov (Bulgaria) 160/200 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
3 1991 May 19–25 Template:Flagicon Greece Athens Igor Maly (Czechoslovakia) 196/200 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
4 1992 July 11–21 Template:Flagicon Germany Bonn Bom Jun Kim (Republic of Korea), Fredrik Huss (Sweden), Gao Chen (China), Jittat Fakcharoenphol (Thailand), Laszlo Peter (Hungary), Matej Ondrusek (Czechoslovakia), Nathan Bronson (United States of America), Pinit Asavanuchit (Thailand), Shawn Smith (United States of America), Viet Nguyen Tuan (Vietnam), Xing Wu (China), Yunhe Yang (China), Niklas Eén (Sweden) 200/200 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
5 1993 October 16–25 Template:Flagicon Argentina Mendoza Fredrik Huss (Sweden), Martin Mareš (Czech Republic), Mehdi Foladgar (Iran), Radu-Lucian Lupsa (Romania) 200/200 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
6 1994 July 3–10 Template:Flagicon Sweden Haninge Victor Bargatchev (Russia) 195/200 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
7 1995 June 26 – July 3 Template:Flagicon Netherlands Eindhoven Victor Bargatchev (Russia) 186/200 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
8 1996 July 25 – August 2 Template:Flagicon Hungary Veszprém Daniel Kráľ (Czech Republic) 196/200 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
9 1997 November 30 – December 7 Template:Flagicon South Africa Cape Town Vladimir Martianov (Russia) 462/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
10 1998 September 5–12 Template:Flagicon Portugal Setúbal Daniel Wright (South Africa), Mihai Stroe (Romania), Vladimir Martianov (Russia), Zhunping Zhang (China) 700/700 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
11 1999 October 9–16 Template:Flagicon Turkey Antalya-Belek Hong Chen (China) 480/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
12 2000 September 23–30 Template:Flagicon China Beijing Mikhail Baoutine (Russia) 700/700 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
13 2001 July 14–21 Template:Flagicon Finland Tampere Reid Barton (United States of America) 580/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
14 2002 August 18–25 Template:Flagicon Korea Rep. Yong-In Wan Yeong Jung (Republic of Korea) 510/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
15 2003 August 16–23 Template:Flagicon United States Kenosha, Wisconsin Hwan-Seung Yeo (Republic of Korea) 455.4/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
16 2004 September 11–18 Template:Flagicon Greece Athens Paul Jefferys (United Kingdom) 565/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
17 2005 August 18–25 Template:Flagicon Poland Nowy Sącz Eric Price (United States of America), Weidong Hu (China), Yuan Zhou (China), Yuriy Znovyak (Ukraine) 600/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
18 2006 August 13–20 Template:Flagicon Mexico Mérida, Yucatán Filip Wolski (Poland) 480/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
19 2007 August 15–22 Template:Flagicon Croatia Zagreb Tomasz Kulczyński (Poland) 574/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
20 2008 August 16–23 Template:Flagicon Egypt Cairo Huacheng Yu (China) 558/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
21 2009 August 8–15 Template:Flagicon Bulgaria Plovdiv Gennady Korotkevich (Belarus) 743/800 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
22 2010 August 14–21 Template:Flagicon Canada Waterloo, Ontario Gennady Korotkevich (Belarus) 778/800 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
23 2011 July 22–29 Template:Flagicon Thailand Pattaya Gennady Korotkevich (Belarus) 600/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
24 2012 September 23–30 Template:Flagicon Italy Sirmione and Montichiari Johnny Ho (United States of America) 600/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
25 2013 July 6–13 Template:Flagicon Australia Brisbane Lijie Chen (China) 569/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
26 2014 July 13–20 Template:Flagicon Taiwan Taipei Ishraq Huda (Australia), Scott Wu (United States of America), Yinzhan Xu (China) 600/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
27 2015 July 26 – August 2 Template:Flagicon Kazakhstan Almaty Jeehak Yoon (Republic of Korea) 600/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
28 2016 August 12–19 Template:Flagicon Russia Kazan Ce Jin (China) 597/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
29 2017 July 28 – August 4 Template:Flagicon Iran Tehran Yuta Takaya (Japan) 589.52/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
30 2018 September 1–8 Template:Flagicon Japan Tsukuba Benjamin Qi (United States of America) 499/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
31 2019 August 4–11 Template:Flagicon Azerbaijan Baku Benjamin Qi (United States of America) 547.09/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
32 2020 September 13–19Template:Ref Template:Flagicon Singapore online William Lin (United States of America) 600/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
33 2021 June 19–25 Template:Flagicon Singapore online Mingyang Deng (China) 600/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
34 2022 August 7–15 Template:Flagicon Indonesia Yogyakarta Jiangqi Dai (China), Shaoxuan Tang (China) 600/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
35 2023 August 28 – September 4 Template:Flagicon Hungary Szeged Tingqiang Xu (China) 580/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
36 2024 September 1–8 Template:Flagicon Egypt Alexandria Kangyang Zhou (China) 600/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
37 2025 July 27 – August 3 Template:Flagicon Bolivia Sucre Hengxi Liu (China) 591.23/600 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
38 2026 August 9–16 Template:Flagicon Uzbekistan Tashkent <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
39 2027 September 12–19 Template:Flagicon Germany Potsdam <ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>
40 2028 Template:Flagicon Japan
41 2029 Template:Flagicon Bulgaria

All-time medal table

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Top Performances

The following is a list of the top performers in the history of the IOI, with the list containing any contestant with at least 3 gold medals.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The P sign indicates a perfect score, a rare achievement in IOI history. The U sign indicates an unofficial participation, where a contestant participated in a host's second team. Also, first (I), second (II) and third (III) places among gold medalists are indicated where appropriate.

Name Team Years
Gennady Korotkevich Belarus G(II) 2012 GP(I) 2011 G(I) 2010 G(I) 2009 G 2008 G 2007 S 2006
Hristo Venev Bulgaria G 2016 G 2015 G 2014 G 2013 S 2012
Rain Jiang United States G 2025 G 2024 G 2023 G 2021 S 2022
Zixiang Zhou Canada G 2022 G 2021 G 2020 G(III) 2019 S 2018
Filip Wolski Poland G(I) 2006 G 2005 G 2004 G 2003
Rareș Darius Buhai Romania G 2015 G 2014 G 2013 G 2012
Yuta Takaya Japan G(I) 2017 G 2016 G 2015 G 2014
Rumen Hristov Bulgaria G 2012 G 2011 G(II) 2010 S 2009 S 2008
Andrzej Gąsienica-Samek Poland G 1999 G 1998 G 1997 S 1996
Eduard Batmendijn Slovakia G 2015 G 2013 G 2012 S 2014
Martin Pettai Estonia G 2002 G 2001 G 2000 S 1999
Nikoloz Birkadze Georgia G 2020 G 2019 G 2018 S 2017
Patrick Pavić Croatia G 2022 G 2021 G 2020 S 2019
Ryan Bai Canada G 2025 G 2024 G 2023 S 2022
Daiki Kodama Japan G 2023 G 2022 G 2021
Daniel Weber Israel G 2024 G 2023 G 2022
Jarosław Kwiecień Poland G 2016 G 2015 G 2014
John Pardon United States G 2007 G 2006 G 2005
Marcin Andrychowicz Poland G 2008 G 2007 G 2006
Martin Mareš Czech Republic G 1995 G 1994 GP(I) 1993
Masataka Yoneda Japan G 2020 G 2019 GU 2018
Neal Wu United States G 2010 G 2009 G 2008
Scott Wu United States GP(I) 2014 G 2013 G 2012
Shogo Murai Japan G 2012 G 2011 G 2010
Vladimir Martianov Russia G 1999 GP(I) 1998 G(I) 1997
Vladimir Romanov Russia G 2019 G 2018 G 2017

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Feeder competitions

Most participating countries use feeder competitions to select their team. They are usually referred to as National Olympiad in Informatics and is the course of selection of the country's top team or persons to participate in the IOI. A number of these are listed below:

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Notes

1.Template:NoteIOI 2020 virtual closing ceremony was held on September 23, 2020.

See also

References

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