Iraqi maqam
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Iraqi Maqam (Template:Langx) is a genre of Arabic maqam music found in Iraq. The roots of modern Iraqi maqam can be traced as far back as the Abbasid Caliphate (8th–13th centuries AD), when that large empire was controlled from Baghdad. The ensemble of instruments used in this genre, called Al Chalghi al Baghdadi, includes a qari' (singer), santur, goblet drum, joza, cello, and sometimes oud and naqqarat. The focus is on the poem sung in classical Arabic or an Iraqi dialect (then called zuhayri). A complete maqam concert is known as fasl (plural fusul) and is named after the first maqam: Bayat, Hijaz, Rast, Nawa, or Husayni.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref>
A typical performance includes the following sections:<ref name=":0" />
- tahrir, sometimes badwah
- taslum
- finalis
Maqama texts are often derived from classical Arabic poetry, such as by al-Mutanabbi and Abu Nuwas. Some performers used traditional sources translated into the dialect of Baghdad, and still others use Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Armenian, Hebrew, Turkmen, Aramaic lyrics. Due to Iraq's diversity, different ethnic groups use this genre in their own language.
Famous maqam singers
There are many Iraqi maqam singers including:Template:Citation needed
- Ahmed al-Zaidan
- Rashid al-Qundarchi
- Muhammad al-Qubanchi
- Hussein al-A'dhami
- Najm al-Shaykhli
- Hassan Khaiwka
- Hashim al-Rejab
- Yousuf Omar
- Farida Mohammad Ali
- Abd al-Rahman Khader
- Hamed al-Sa‘di
- Nazem Al-Ghazali
- Filfel Gourgy
- Affifa Iskandar
- Mulla Hasan al-Babujachi
- Rahmat Allah Shiltagh
- Khalil Rabbaz
- Rahmain Niftar
- Rubin Rajwan
- Mulla Uthman al-Mawsili
- Jamil al-Baghdadi
- Salman Moshe
- Yusuf Huresh
- Abbas Kambir
- Farida al-A‘dhami
- Maeda Nazhat
See also
External links
- Famous Iraqi Maqam Singers
- Iraqi Maqam
- Genres of Secular Art Music Al-maqam al-'iraqi
- General information about Iraqi Maqam
References
Template:ReflistTemplate:UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Template:UNESCO Oral and Intangible music