Iwerne Minster
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Iwerne Minster (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell) is a village and civil parish in Dorset, England. It lies on the edge of the Blackmore Vale, approximately midway between the towns of Shaftesbury and Blandford Forum. The A350 main road between those towns passes through the edge of the village, just to the west. In the 2011 Census the civil parish had a population of 978.<ref name=ons/>
Toponymy
The village takes its name from the River Iwerne. "Iwerne" may have been the name of a Celtic goddess or may be a reference to yew trees growing on its banks. The "Minster" part of the name is a reference to the ownership of the settlement by Shaftesbury Abbey.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
History
Evidence of prehistoric human activity in the parish consists of five round barrows on the chalk escarpment in the east, and the site of an Iron Age settlement in the southwest, near Park Farm. The settlement, which takes the form of several pits, was excavated by General Pitt-Rivers in 1897; finds included a bronze brooch and silver coins.<ref name=inventory/>
In the early Roman period the Iron Age site was altered with the construction of ditches and sub-rectangular pits; finds included 1st and 2nd-century samian pottery and Roman coins dating from the period between Vespasian and Commodus. In the 3rd century a building, possibly an aisled barn, was constructed on the western half of the site; it was Template:Convert long, Template:Convert wide and had flint footings Template:Convert wide. More Roman coins were found here, dating from the period between Gordian I and Tacitus. Around 300 AD a substantial building was constructed on the eastern half of the site; it was Template:Convert long and Template:Convert wide and divided into four rooms, with a granary built against one external wall and a corridor or outbuildings against another. One of the rooms had plaster walls and a floor made of shale from Kimmeridge. The building was occupied for about sixty years.<ref name=inventory/>
In the Domesday Book in 1086 the village was recorded as Euneministre (or Euneminstre).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It was in Sixpenny Hundred and the lord and tenant-in-chief was Shaftesbury Abbey.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
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The early settlements in the parish—Iwerne and Preston—were sited by the River Iwerne. There may have been a third settlement contemporary with these, called Hulle. Pegg's Farm in the northwest of the parish is probably a secondary settlement; it was in existence by the early 14th century, though the present buildings are mostly 18th-century.<ref name=inventory/>
The parish church, dedicated to St Mary, has a nave, north aisle and north transept dating from the mid-12th century, though it is probable there was a minster and clergy community here before that, as indicated by the village's name and its large size in the Domesday Book.<ref name=inventory/>
Iwerne Minster House was built in 1796 by the Bowyer Bower family (who had owned the village and estate of Iwerne Minster since at least 1645), on the site of their original manor. Their family crest, the Talbot, is still represented in the name of the village pub. Iwerne Minster remained in the Bowyer Bower family until 1876, when they sold the estate to George Glyn, 2nd Baron Wolverton. Wolverton had a new house built, designed by Alfred Waterhouse and completed in 1878. A Template:Convert ornamental park, including a lake, was also created. James Hainsworth Ismay, second son of Thomas Henry Ismay, bought the estate in 1908;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> he had a village hall, pump and shelter built, designed clothes for the village children and gave the village shops hand-painted signs, all resulting in the village having a "model" appearance. The estate was sold in 1929 and the mansion became Clayesmore School.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> From the 1940s until the 2000s, the school was the venue for the influential Evangelical Christian Iwerne camps.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
There are 44 structures in the parish that are listed by Historic England for having particular historical or architectural interest. These include the parish church of St Mary (Grade I) and The Chantry (Grade II*).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The village noticeboard was designed by Giles Gilbert Scott.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Geography
Iwerne Minster civil parish covers an area of Template:Convert<ref name=inventory>Template:Cite web</ref> at an elevation of about Template:Convert.<ref>Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Pathfinder Series, sheet 1281 (ST 81/91), Shillingstone & Tollard Royal, published 1987, Template:ISBN</ref> From east to west the geology of the parish comprises chalk hills in the east, then upper greensand and gault, through to lower greensand around the Fontmell Brook in the northwest.<ref name=inventory/> About half of the parish and most of Iwerne Minster village—the area east of the A350—is in the Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Measured directly, Iwerne Minster village is about Template:Convert north of Blandford Forum and Template:Convert south of Shaftesbury.<ref>Bartholomew 1:100,000 National Map Series, sheet 4 (Dorset), 1980, Template:ISBN</ref>
Governance
Iwerne Minster is in the northern part of the electoral ward called the Beacon Ward, which extends to includes Sutton Waldron, Fontmell Magna, Ashmore, Melburry Abbas & Cann, Twyford, Hartgrove, Compton Abbas, Todber, Stour Row, Stour Provost, East Orchard Shroton. The ward falls within the North Dorset parliamentary constituency and in the 2011 Census had a population of 4,818.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Demography
In the 2011 Census the civil parish had 326 dwellings,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 298 households and a population of 978.<ref name=ons/> 21.4% of residents were aged 65 or over (compared to 16.4% for England as a whole).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The population of the parish in the censuses between 1921 and 2001 is shown in the table below:
| Census Population of Iwerne Minster Parish 1921—2001 (except 1941) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Census | 1921 | 1931 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | ||||||
| Population | 501 | 411 | 520 | 467 | 650 | 650 | 900 | 880 | ||||||
| Source:Dorset County Council<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | ||||||||||||||
In literature
Virginia Woolf and her husband spent five days in Iwerne Minster in April 1926; she wrote to her friend Raymond Mortimer about how, even though the appropriation of images of rural England for patriotic purposes made her "almost ashamed of England being so English", she and her husband had nevertheless been enchanted by the Dorset landscape in spring.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It is possible that the name of the fictional village Bolney Minster in Woolf's 1941 novel Between the Acts was partly inspired by Iwerne.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
A pre-Norman conquest Iwerne Minster is imagined, along with neighbouring village Shroton, in Julian Rathbone's 1997 novel The Last English King.